低发射率伪装绿色涂层的制备和性能分析

为了探索军用低发射率伪装材料,提出了复合结构设计的方法。选用具备可见光高透过和红外高反射特性的纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)薄膜,通过镀膜工艺对复合涂层的结构进行设计,从而达到光学与红外隐身兼容的目的。利用分光光度计、热成像仪及隔热测试装置对所制复合涂层样品的光学、红外和隔热效果进行测试,分析低发射率涂层对整体绿色涂层的光学及红外性能的影响。实验结果表明,采用复合结构设计后的绿色涂层样板的可见光透过率达到80%以上,红外反射率达到70%以上,在保证色彩饱和度的同时,发射率显著降低,达到了0.2。经过复合结构设计的绿色涂层拥有良好的红外伪装效果,能够较好地躲避红外侦察。     

铝锆有机金属偶联剂对环氧铝粉涂料的改性研究

采用铝锆有机金属偶联剂对鳞片状铝粉进行表面改性,将改性后的铝粉用作防锈颜料制备了一种环氧铝粉涂料.能量散射谱(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示改性后的铝粉分散性能得到改善,涂层更加平整、致密,物理屏蔽性能提高.涂层体系在3.5％NaCI溶液中的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试表明,浸泡初期使用改性铝粉制备的涂层均具有更高...     

失效红外低发射率涂层发射率测量及分析

红外低发射率涂层容易产生鼓泡、脱落、磨损、划痕、积污等问题。为了保证红外低发射率涂层具有较长的使用寿命,需要对红外低发射率涂层在使用过程中的性能状态进行及时测量评估。采用便携式红外发射率测量仪和便携式红外热像仪对5种温度条件下的脱落、划痕和积污涂层进行对比测试,研究发现：脱落和积污对红外低发射率涂层的影响较大,划痕也将使得红外低发射率涂层的发射率增大,划痕宽度和划痕间距对发射率的影响程度需要及时定量地测量及评估;基于反射法的便携式发射率测量仪受测量区域的涂层粗糙度等表面状态影响较大,而便携式红外热像仪测量结果受温度影响较大。     

材料微结构对红外发射率的影响

低发射率红外伪装材料主要采用金属材料、ATO材料和光子晶体材料,由于机械物理性能限制,难以满足工程伪装多波段兼容性要求.利用后向散射效应研制低发射率红外伪装材料是一种全新的技术途径,其主要机理是通过对红外透明材料发泡,在材料内部形成微气室空腔,使入射光线在材料内部的传输过程中发生多次反射,从而提高材料的综合反射效果.对微泡结构材料内部的后向散射效应进行了深入研究,建立了非均匀涂层光线传输模型,并定量分析了材料的物性参数和结构参数对材料表面等效发射率的影响.     

填料对反射隔热涂料性能的改性分析

制备了一种含碱土金属碳酸盐的丙烯酸涂料和单双组分的聚氨酯涂料.系统研究了玻璃微珠、陶瓷微珠和钛白粉三种功能性填料对两种乳液涂料反射隔热性能的改性效果.结果表明:当玻璃微珠、陶瓷微珠掺量分别为8%和10%时,对丙烯酸乳液涂料的反射隔热性能改善效果最佳;三种微珠复配可使聚氨酯乳液涂料的吸收率降低约38%.功能性填料对聚氨酯乳液涂料反射隔热性能的改性效果明显优于丙烯酸乳液涂料.     

电弧喷涂铝及铝-锌涂层在动态腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性研究

对钢铁基体表面电弧喷涂铝及铝锌涂层进行了动态腐蚀实验 ,以失质量法计算了腐蚀速度 ,并探讨了腐蚀机理。采用SEM对铝及铝锌涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察 ,并对铝及铝锌涂层表面进行了能谱分析 ,采用电化学系统测试了涂层的自腐蚀电位。实验结果表明 ,在 3 %NaCl水溶液中铝涂层的耐蚀性优于铝锌涂层 ;其原因是铝涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及自腐蚀电位高于铝锌涂层。研究还表明 ,铝及铝锌这些阳极涂层不仅能有效地保护它所覆盖的钢铁表面 ,还能保护暴露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁基体表面。在铝、铝锌涂层上刷涂有机涂料 ,有机涂料能渗透到金属涂层的孔隙中 ,将孔隙封闭。同时 ,有机涂层和金属涂层能构成复合涂层 ,其防腐效果更佳     

二氧化钛包覆中空玻璃微珠制备近红外反射材料

根据红外反射的机理,采用二氧化钛包覆中空玻璃微珠的方法,制得了具有反射近红外辐射功能的材料.通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析,结果表明:二氧化钛包覆在中空玻璃微珠表面,其晶型为锐钛矿型;当TiO2膜包覆厚度小于0.5 μm时,随着TiO2膜厚度的增加,近红外线反射比增加;当TiO2膜厚度超过0.5 μm后, TiO2膜厚度对近红外线反射比基本无影响;用所合成的红外反射材料与成膜物质苯丙乳液配制的涂料涂于试片表面,随着涂层厚度的增加,近红外反射比增加,当涂层厚度能够遮盖试片底色后,其近红外反射比基本保持恒定,而与涂层的厚度无关;制备的涂层对可见光和近红外的反射比分别为86%和81%.     

铝粉粒度对HMX基含铝浇注PBX炸药爆热的影响

利用恒温式量热计测定了不同粒度的HMX基含铝炸药的爆热值,对其能量释放规律研究结果表明：含粗铝粉的炸药爆热随铝粉含量增加呈递增趋势,当铝粉含量为35%时,爆热达到最大值;而细颗粒铝粉含量为25%时,含铝炸药爆热达到最大值,之后随铝粉含量的增加爆热值降低;铝含量低于13%左右时,含细颗粒铝粉的炸药爆热值较含粗颗粒铝粉的炸药爆热值高,高于此值后,爆热值较后者偏低。根据爆热结果分析,铝粉粒度对HMX基含铝浇注PBX炸药的反应机理和反应动力学有影响。     

铝粉粒度对奥克托今(HMX)基含铝浇注高聚物粘结炸药爆热的影响

利用恒温式量热计测定了不同粒度的HMX(1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷)基含铝炸药的爆热值。对其能量释放规律研究结果表明:含粗铝粉的炸药爆热随铝粉含量增加呈递增趋势。当铝粉含量为35%时,爆热达到最大值;而细颗粒铝粉含量为25%时,含铝炸药爆热达到最大值;之后随铝粉含量的增加爆热值降低。铝含量低于13%左右时,含细颗粒铝粉的炸药爆热值较含粗颗粒铝粉的炸药爆热值高;高于此值后,爆热值较后者偏低。根据爆热结果分析,铝粉粒度对HMX基含铝浇注PBX炸药的反应机理和反应动力学有影响。     

高铝煤矸石系地聚合物材料耐水性研究

煅烧高铝煤矸石地聚合物材料耐水性随激发剂掺量的增加先提高,后逐渐降低。随煅烧高铝煤矸石掺量增加,地聚合物材料耐水性现增加后降低,煅烧高铝煤矸石和矿渣质量比为6∶4时,地聚合物材料形成效果较佳,耐水效果最佳。煅烧高铝煤矸石地聚合物材料在配比较优条件下,其耐水性较佳。煅烧高铝煤矸石和矿渣质量比为6∶4,激发剂掺量为6%时,其软化系数达0.99,吸水率只有0.32。     

隐身战斗机红外辐射特征计算及红外隐身效果分析

针对飞机红外隐身和反隐身技术发展的需要,建立了隐身飞机红外图像的仿真模型,并对飞机的红外隐身效果进行了评估.首先在飞机红外辐射计算模型的基础上,对二元喷管、低发射率蒙皮、发动机舱隔热、喷管冷气注入等进行红外隐身建模,经过渲染生成隐身飞机的红外图像;然后对低发射率蒙皮、发动机舱隔热与喷管冷气注入3种红外隐身措施的隐身效果进行分析.仿真结果表明,不同的隐身措施下,隐身战斗机辐射差异较大.      

Preparation and optical properties of waterborne acrylic-based cool white coatings

Cool coatings （solar reflective coatings） possess a high total solar reflectance and a high thermal emittance, and they have potential applications in building surfaces, pavements, and oil tanks. By decreasing the accumulation of heat, these coatings can reduce the urban heat island effect to increase thermal comfort and to decrease energy consumption in hot zones. In this work, a cool white coating based on waterborne acrylic was prepared. The reflectance and thermal emittance were measured using an ultraviolet- visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer and the steady- state calorimetric technique, respectively. The cool coating possessed a total solar reflectance of 0.887 and a thermal emittance of 0.85. The linear fitting results indicated that the thickness of the dry film is an important factor that affects the reflectance and that the physical limit of total solar reflectance in practical cool coatings is 0.91. A homemade device developed according to military specification MIL-E-46096C was used to measure insulation temperature differences, and an insulation temperature difference of 29 ℃ was obtained. The above results demonstrated that the cool coating can be applied to buildings.     

Preparation and properties of thermal insulation coatings with a sodium stearate-modified shell powder as a filler

Waste shell stacking with odor and toxicity is a serious hazard to our living environment. To make effective use of the natural resources, the shell powder was applied as a filler of outdoor thermal insulation coatings. Sodium stearate (SS) was used to modify the properties of shell powder to reduce its agglomeration and to increase its compatibility with the emulsion. The oil absorption rate and the spectrum reflectance of the shell powder show that the optimized content of SS as a modifier is 1.5wt%. The total spectrum reflectance of the coating made with the shell powder that is modified at this optimum SS content is 9.33% higher than that without any modification. At the optimum SS content of 1.5wt%, the thermal insulation of the coatings is improved by 1.0℃ for the cement mortar board and 1.6℃ for the steel plate, respectively. The scouring resistance of the coating with the 1.5wt% SS-modified shell powder is three times that of the coating without modification.     

不同配方硅橡胶憎水性恢复与迁移特性

为了研究不同氢氧化铝含量的硅橡胶绝缘材料的憎水性丧失及恢复特性,使用去离子水对复合绝缘子用硅橡胶材料进行浸泡处理后在实验室标准环境下进行憎水性恢复,采用恒温试验箱对硅橡胶材料进行低温冷冻处理,以硅橡胶材料静态接触角表征憎水性的变化规律,测得硅橡胶材料在常温及低温下随氢氧化铝含量变化的憎水性丧失及恢复规律,并分析原因机理。针对不同氢氧化铝含量的硅橡胶绝缘材料的憎水性迁移特性,依照标准方法涂污,并迁移4天,用静态接触角表征不同氢氧化铝含量硅橡胶材料的憎水性迁移特性,并分析了硅橡胶憎水性迁移的机理。     

确定迷彩斑点间发射率差指标的方法

为了确定迷彩斑点间发射率差指标，在分析热成像系统的成像机理基础上，根据能量守恒定律导出了迷彩斑点间发射率差的计算模型。仿真计算表明，两热红外迷彩斑点的发射率差值与热成像系统性能、观察距离、相对湿度、气温和器材表面温度有关。其中，气温和器材表面温度的影响较大，而相对湿度影响则较小。确定的发射率差指标可为热红外伪装自动化设计体系、热红外伪装器材的研制提供量化依据。     

镀银铜粉导电电子浆料的研究

研究了以镀银铜粉为导电填料的电子浆料,讨论了镀银铜粉含量、硅烷偶联剂的用量以及处理方法对导电浆料导电性能的影响。结果表明,当镀银铜粉填充含量达75％,偶联剂含量3％时,导电浆料的导电性、分散性、稳定性等性能较好。     

Design and calculation of low infrared transmittance and low emissivity coatings for heat radiative applications

The infrared transmittance and emissivity of heat-insulating coatings pigmented with various structural particles were studied using Kubelka-Munk theory and Mie theory. The primary design purpose was to obtain the low transmittance and low emissivity coatings to reduce the heat transfer by thermal radiation for high-temperature applications. In the case of silica coating layers constituted with various structural titania particles (solid, hollow, and core-shell spherical), the dependence of transmittance and emissivity of the coating layer on the particle structure and the layer thickness was investigated and optimized. The results indicate that the coating pigmented with core-shell titania particles exhibits a lower infrared transmittance and a lower emissivity value than that with other structural particles and is suitable to radiative heat-insulating applications.     

Effect of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> pigment gradation on the properties of thermal insulation coatings

This study was designed to evaluate the thermal performance and mechanical properties of coatings with different gradations of TiO₂ pigments. The solar reflectance, cooling performance, wash resistance, and film adhesion strength of the coatings were investigated. The influence of TiO₂ powder gradation on the final properties of the coatings was studed. The solar reflectance and the thermal insulation were observed to increase with increasing content of nanosized TiO₂. The mechanical properties of the coatings, such as their wash resistance and film adhesion strength, were observed to increase with increased incorporation of nanosized TiO₂. Such improvements in the properties of the coatings were attributed to the greater specific surface area and lower thermal conductivity of nanosized TiO₂ particles compared to normal TiO₂ particles.     

低红外发射率材料的研究

叙述了在铝粉外包覆红外透明粘合剂设计低红外发射率材料的实验过程，讨论了填料、粘合剂、涂层厚度等影响发射率的几个关键因素，结果表明用该方法所研制的样品发射率最低可达到0．678，表明了该途径的可行性。