用金刚石膜的X射线衍射谱估算其热导率

讨论直流电弧等离子体喷射化学气相沉积的金刚石膜其热导率和晶面取向间的关系,并介绍了利用Ｘ射线衍射图谱估算以（１１１）取向为主的三向系金刚石膜热导率的方法     

Progress of graphene growth on copper by chemical vapor deposition: Growth behavior and controlled synthesis

Recently,chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper has been becoming a main method for preparing large-area and highquality monolayer graphene.In this paper,we first briefly introduce the preliminary understanding of the microstructure and growth behavior of graphene on copper,and then focus on the recent progress on the quality improvement,number of layers control and transfer-free growth of graphene.In the end,we attempt to analyze the possible development of CVD growth of graphene in future,including the controlled growth of large-size single-crystal graphene and bilayer graphene with different stacking orders.     

定向生长碳纳米管的研究进展

由于碳纳米管具有独特的结构和性能，因而自从被发现以来一直受到人们的关注，近年来，已利用各种方法成合成出碳纳米管，特别是利用化学气相沉积（CVD）方法制备了高度准直的碳纳米管，实现了碳纳米管的定向生长，使得碳纳米管具有更加广泛的应用价值和研究价值。本文综述了近几年CVD定向生长碳纳米管的方法和生长机制，分析和讨论了不同制备方法对碳纳米管生长过程的影响，同时还着重分析了催化剂颗粒在碳纳米管的生长过程中对定向生长碳纳米管的作用。     

Diameter-controlled growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on quartz using molecular nanoclusters as catalyst precursors

Molecular nanoclusters containing Fe and Mo atoms have been used as catalyst precursors for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on stable temperature (ST)-cut quartz substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Attribute to the uniform catalyst nanoparticles and the confinement effect of the crystalline substrates, well-aligned SWNTs with narrow diameter distribution have been synthesized. Atomic force microscopy measurements show that the mean diameter of the nanotubes obtained by thermal decomposition of ethanol at 900°C is 0.76 ± 0.16 nm, which is the smallest among all reported results for aligned SWNTs. The mean diameter of the nanotubes increases with growth temperature. In addition to using identical nanoclusters as the catalyst precursors, the avoidance of annealing treatment of catalyst precursors is also a key point for obtaining SWNTs with controlled diameters. Using these identical nanoclusters as catalyst precursors and carefully tuning the growth parameters make us closer to the ultimate goal of controlling the chirality of SWNTs.     

Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the vertical floating catalyst method

The vertical floating catalyst method is first used to produce single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) continuously on a large scale by a newly developed technique and pyrolysis of n-hexane. Diameter distributions, microstructure and purity of the SWNTs film, rope and web are measured by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscope. The results show that SWNTs product has a high degree of orientation, a wide distribution of diameters (0.7–2.0 nm) and high purity of >80%.     

Complex conductivity and permittivity of single wall carbon nanotubes/polymer composite at microwave frequencies:A theoretical estimation

Based on an equivalent resistance-capacitance network, the complex conductivity and the relative complex permittivity of single wall carbon nanotubes （SWNTs）/polymer composite are theoretically investigated in the frequency range of 0.30-18 GHz using the logarithmic rule. Both the real and imaginary parts of the permittivities of SWNTs and polymer are considered in detail. The calculated complex permittivity spectra of SWNTs/poly（ethyl methacrylate） composite films are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The influences of SWNTs concentration on both the complex conductivity and the dielectric loss tangent of the composite are presented in the microwave frequency range. A linear relationship between microwave conductivity and frequency is found.     

微波等离子体CVD方法制备金刚石薄膜

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法分别在CH4／H2，CO／H2和（CH4＋CO）／H2气体体系下合成了金刚石薄膜．结果表明，所合成的金刚石薄膜具有明显的柱状生长特性和较高的品质，（CH4＋CO）／H2体系合成的金刚石薄膜具有较高的生长速率和（100）晶面定向生长的特性．     

用区熔技术改善多晶硅薄膜颗粒硅带衬底的质量

以颗粒硅带为衬底,通过化学气相沉积法制备多晶硅薄膜作为太阳电池的活性层．为了改善硅带衬底的质量,引入区熔再结晶的方法,期望将其表面平整度及结晶质量进一步提高,进而改善以其为衬底的多晶硅薄膜质量．借助台阶仪、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对颗粒硅带及多晶硅薄膜进行了表面轮廓、结晶质量和微观形貌的表征．结果表明：区熔后的颗粒硅带表面平整度得到了较好的改善;表面具有[311]择优方向的硅带区熔后都倾向[111]择优;在区熔硅带衬底上沉积的多晶硅薄膜晶粒尺寸在100μm以上,但暂无明显证据证明区熔对薄膜结晶质量有显著提高．     

From Carbon Nanotube Crystals to Carbon Nanotube Flowers

We have investigated the very initial deposition stages of chemical vapor deposition （CVD） with ferrocene （Fe（CsH5）2） and xylene （C8H10） for growing carbon nanotubes, and made clear that the mechanism for the self-organization behaviors of nanotubes at different growth stages by this approach. For instance, the organization of nanotubes into flower-like structures at prolonged deposition is developed from the crystal-like structures formed at early growth stages, both of which are closely related to and determined by the very initial deposition stages of this CVD approach. Based on this approach, ways have been established to build up different architectures of carbon nanotubes, by controlling the initial deposition stages of the CVD process, with which we have realized the selective growth of self-organized carbon nanotube structures. This study provides a new idea for growing carbon nanotube architectures by CVD.     

三维互通CNTs/Cu复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

对CuCr合金粉末固溶时效处理之后进行预烧结,得到CuCr预压块。以此预压块为基底,采用化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）工艺和放电等离子烧结（sparking plasma sintering, SPS）工艺成功制备了三维互通的碳纳米管/铜（carbon nanotubes/Cu, CNTs/Cu）复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）,拉曼光谱仪等表征碳纳米管的微观组织结构,利用微拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,Cr作为催化剂,对碳纳米管的形貌影响很大,碳纳米管的质量也会对复合材料的力学性能产生影响。当Cr的质量分数为0.6%时,碳纳米管在铜基体表面均匀分布,CNTs/Cu复合材料的力学性能最佳。经SPS烧结和轧制之后,复合材料的导电率和屈服强度分别达到了82.4% IACS和349 MPa,断裂伸长率高达6.4%,这是由于CNTs的加入,起到了第二相强化的作用,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

用浮动催化裂解法制取单壁碳纳米管

为寻找一种可以批量制备高质量、高产率单壁碳纳米管的方法 ,对浮动催化裂解碳氢化合物法制取单壁碳纳米管进行了研究。实验采用苯为碳源 ,二茂铁为催化剂 ,氢气为载气 ,噻吩为添加剂。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜以及拉曼谱等方法对产物进行检测与评估 ,分析了参数对产物的影响。结果表明 ,裂解温度越高 ,越有利于单壁碳纳米管的生长 ;发现通过碳源和直接通入反应室的 H2 流量比为 1:2时 ,较利于单壁碳纳米管的生长。浮动催化裂解法制备出来的单壁碳纳米管直径约为 1nm,直径分布较均匀 ,并且可以半连续、低成本地生产     

金刚石薄膜在Si(100)上的偏压成核与织构生长的研究

通过微波等离子化学气相沉积法（ＭＰＣＶＤ）在镜面抛光Ｓｉ（１００）上生长出高品质的具有（１００）织构的金刚石薄膜．列举了最佳成核与生长条件．ＳＥＭ和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱对所得样品进行了表征,并对偏压的影响及成核生长机制进行了讨论．     

V型沟槽Si衬底上SrTiO_3薄膜制备

在单晶Si(100)衬底以及经过改型处理的侧壁为Si(110)"V"型沟槽衬底上,分别采用液相沉积(LPD)和射频磁控溅射法(RF magnetron sputtering)制备了SrTiO3(STO)薄膜.通过对沉积溶液的温度、衬底的表面处理方法、衬底的放置方式以及热处理工艺的优化,研究了利用LPD法制备具有较为致密均匀的STO薄膜的条件;通过对溅射功率、溅射气压、衬底温度以及退火温度等具体参数的优化,研究了利用射频磁控溅射法在较低的衬底温度下制备具有一定取向的STO薄膜的条件.结果表明,射频磁控溅射法制备的STO薄膜在结晶状态、择优取向和表面形貌优于液相沉积.     

Atomic scale KMC simulation of {100} oriented CVD diamond film growth under low substrate temperature—Part Ⅰ Simulation of CVD diamond film growth under Joe-Badgwell-Hauge model

The growth of {100} oriented CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)diamond film under Joe-Badgwell-Hauge (J-B-H) model is simulated at atomic scale by using revised KMC (Kinetic Monte Carlo) method. The results show that: (1) under Joe's model, the growth mechanism from single carbon species is suitable for the growth of {100} oriented CVD diamond film in low temperature; (2) the deposition rate and surface roughness () under Joe's model are influenced intensively by temperature ()and not evident bymass fraction of atom chlorine; (3)the surface roughness increases with the deposition rate, i.e. the film quality becomes worse with elevated temperature, in agreement with Grujicic's prediction; (4) the simulation results cannot make sure the role of single carbon insertion.     

Orientation variation along growth direction of millimeter free-standing CVD diamond thinned by mechanical grinding

A free-standing diamond film with millimeter thickness prepared by DC arc plasma jet was thinned successively by mechanical grinding. The orientation and quality of the diamond films with different thicknesses were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The results show a random grain-orientation distribution during the initial growth stage. As the film thickness increases, the preferred orientation of the diamond film changes from (111) to (220), due to the competitive growth mechanism. Twinning generated during the nucleation stage appears to stabilize the preferential growth along the 〈110〉 direction. The interplanar spacing of the (220) plane is enlarged as the film thickness increases, which is caused by the increase of non-diamond-phase carbon and impurities under the cyclic gas. In addition, the quality of the diamond film is barely degraded during the growth process. Furthermore, the peak shift demonstrates a significant inhomogeneity of stress along the film growth direction, which results from competitive growth.     

南通大学图书馆挤扩多支盘桩的施工技术

针对在粉质粘土中进行挤扩多支盘灌注桩施工难度大,且在南通地区尚无先例的问题,制定了合理的施工工艺流程.从桩孔定位、钻进参数选择、孔深控制、泥浆性能参数、灌注混凝土高度控制等方面说明了挤扩多支盘桩在这种地质条件下的施工技术要点.通过采取各项有效措施,从技术上保证了成桩质量.施工结果为在南通地区的地质条件下实施挤扩多支盘灌注桩施工提供了有益的参考价值.     

南通大学图书馆挤扩多支盘桩的施工技术

针对在粉质粘土中进行挤扩多支盘灌注桩施工难度大,且在南通地区尚无先例的问题,制定了合理的施工工艺流程.从桩孔定位、钻进参数选择、孔深控制、泥浆性能参数、灌注混凝土高度控制等方面说明了挤扩多支盘桩在这种地质条件下的施工技术要点.通过采取各项有效措施,从技术上保证了成桩质量.施工结果为在南通地区的地质条件下实施挤扩多支盘灌注桩施工提供了有益的参考价值.     

确定岩体渗透参数的结构面控制反演法

从裂隙渗流的基本运动方程出发,反求岩体的渗透参数是工程控制论中一类典型的偏微分方程分布参数控制反问题,对于这类反问题常用数值法求解．考虑到结构面控水特点,依据岩体渗透系数张量与结构面产状的基本关系式,提出了一种结构面控制反演法．该方法不仅可以反算出岩体的渗透系数张量,而且可以反求出岩体控水结构面的当量渗透系数、渗透系数张量的主值和主方向,同时应用该方法计算的解具有较好的唯一性．以溪洛渡水电站工程为例介绍了这种数值反演方法在确定岩体渗透参数中的应用．     

以Er/Ni为催化剂合成碳纳米管及其生长机制以Er/Ni为催化剂合成碳纳米管及其生长机制

以Er/Ni为催化剂采用直流电弧放电法合成单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs), 并用扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜、 拉曼光谱及X射线衍射对电弧放电后 的产物进行表征. 结果表明, 以Er/Ni为催化剂与Y/Ni和Ho/Ni为催化剂合成碳纳米管的直径分布相近, 其直径分布为1.35~1.65 nm, 以1.5 nm为直径的碳纳米管占多数. 对阴极沉积物的X射线衍射分析可知, 稀土元素Er在电弧放电过程中形成稀土碳化物是合成SWNTs产率高的重要因素.      

自持金刚石厚膜上沉积N掺杂ZnO薄膜的生长及电学特性

采用金属有机化合物气相沉积(MOCVD)两步生长法在自持化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石厚膜的成核面上制备ZnO薄膜, 并研究了薄膜的生长特性和电学特性. 结果表明, 在基片温度为600 ℃时沉积得到的ZnO薄膜表面均匀, 取向较一致, 为c轴取向生长. 其载流子迁移率为3.79 cm²/(V·s). 