Stable silver nanoparticles–aptamer bioconjugates for cellular prion protein imaging

Combining the unique optical properties of metal nanoparticles and the specific recognition of aptamer,aptamer–nanoparticle conjugates have been extensively used in a wide range of applications,particularly multifunctional nanoparticles for cell detection and molecular imaging.Conventional conjugates prepared by chemisorption of monothiol-modified oligonucleotides onto nanoparticle surfaces suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to a variety of small molecules.If silver is used in place of gold,then this lack of stability is even more pronounced.In this study,we reported here the effective and facile strategy of preparing stable silver nanoparticle–aptamer conjugates by in situ generation of strong metal affinity capping ligands,dithiocarbamates modified anti-prion protein aptamer.The conjugates produced are stable and can withstand NaCl concentration at0.25 mol/L.Meanwhile,they could be applied in the cellular prion protein imaging successfully.     

贵金属纳米粒子的制备、结构和应用

贵金属纳米粒子因其特有的光学以及化学和催化性能，正引起科技界越来越浓厚的兴趣。通常这些特性决定于这些金属粒子的粒径和形态。由于非球形粒子比各向同性的球形粒子具有更优越的性能，它们已经成为研究的焦点，人们正在努力寻找粒子形状如何影响粒子理化性能的答案。贵金属纳米粒子的形状可控合成技术已经取得了明显进展。本文就贵金属纳米粒子的形状可控合成及其应用研究的当前进展进行综合评述。     

Non-symmetric hybrids of noble metal-semiconductor: Interplay of nanoparticles and nanostructures in formation dynamics and plasmonic applications

Noble metal-semiconductor hybrids have been employed as fundamental structures in modern technologies. In these hybrids, their cooperative multiple functions attract much attention in recent years because of the interplay of nanoparticles and nanostructures. In this review, we summarize the interplay of nanoparticles and nanostructures in specific kinds of noble metal-semiconductor hybrids, termed as non-symmetric hybrids of noble metal-semiconductor. It particularly refers to metal nanoparticles (or semiconducting quantum dots) at 1-dimensinal (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) semiconductor (or metal) nanostructures, in contrast to the core/shell and heterodimer nanostructures. First, we discuss the formation dynamics, especially in chemical growth and assembly as well as physical coating and deposition, of non-symmetric noble metal-semiconductor hybrids with nanoparticles on nanostructures. Second, we introduce the plasmon-related applications of these hybrids in heterogeneous catalysis, optoelectronic or photovoltaic devices, all-optical devices, and surface detection or modulation. This review not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanisms of the non-symmetric metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures, but also may inspire new ideas of novel functional devices and applications based on these systems.     

金纳米团簇荧光探针的合成与生物检测应用

近年来,纳米技术发展迅速。荧光金纳米材料展现出的独特光学特性使其在生物检测和医学诊断中表现出了很好的应用前景。通过改变配体或者生物支架合成的各种荧光金纳米团簇(gold nanocluster,Au NCs),在传感检测、医学成像和光电子学等领域具有潜在的应用前景。就荧光和共振光散射技术和方法对水溶性的荧光金纳米团簇的合成以及检测机理作出介绍,并简单总结了金纳米团簇作为荧光探针在生物检测,包括金属离子、阴离子、有机小分子、蛋白质和核酸等各种分析物检测中的应用。同时,评述和展望了荧光金纳米团簇研究的发展方向和应用前景。     

Bimetallic nanostructures with magnetic and noble metals and their physicochemical applications

Bimetallic nanomaterials consisting of magnetic metals and noble metals have attracted much interest for their promising potentials in fields such as magnetic sensors, catalysts, optical detection and biomedical applications. Bimetallic nanomaterials synthesized by wet-chemical methods with different architectures including nanoparticles, nanowires or nanotubes and their assemblies are summarized in this review. The particular properties of bimetallic nanomaterials, especially their magnetic, catalytic and optical properties, are presented. The advance in electron microscopy makes it possible to understand the nanostructural materials at much higher level than before, which helps to disclose the relationship between the microstructures and properties qualitatively and quantitatively.     

Functional Materials for Catalytic and Magnetic Applications

1 Introduction Metal, metal oxide and metal compound nanoparticles (NPs) received considerable attention due to their unique properties: catalytic, magnetic, optical, electronic, etc. We believe that for different applications, there are preferable morphologies of NP-stabilizing medium composites. For example, small (1-3 nm) nanoparticles formed in micro/mesoporous hypercrosslinked polystyrene demonstrate excellent catalytic properties in various hydrogenation and oxidation reactions due to high surface...     

From Polymeric Nanoparticles to Dye-containing Photonic Crystals:Synthesis,Self-assembling,Optical Features, Possible Applications

1 Results Self-assembling of monodisperse polymeric nanoparticles is a perspective method of obtaining photonic crystalline materials for optoelectronics,telecommunication industry and optosensorics.For tuning optical characteristics of photonic crystals it is advisable to functionalize nanoparticles by dyes absorbing or emitting light in the vicinity of the photonic band gap,which position depends on the nanoparticle diameter.To prepare monodisperse nanoparticles with the dye-functionalyzed surface emu...     

Programmed self-assembly of DNA origami nanoblocks into anisotropic higher-order nanopatterns

Anisotropic nanopatterns have potentials in constructing novel plasmonic structures which have various applications in such as super-resolution microscopy, medicine, and sensors. However, it remains challenging to build big anisotropic nanopatterns that are suitable for big noble metal nanoparticles. Herein, we report a simple and reliable strategy for constructing DNA origami-based big anisotropic nanopatterns with controlled size and shape, nanoscale resolution, and fully addressability. Two kinds of basic DNA origami nanoblocks-cross-shaped and rectangular DNA origami units were used. We have demonstrated that by encoding nanoblocks’ edges, anisotropic higher-order nanopatterns, such as dimer, trimer, tetramer and mini "windmill" like pentamer nanopatterns could be constructed. To show the potential use as template to direct the assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles arrays, a proof of concept work was conducted by anchoring streptavidin nanoparticles on the "windmill" template to form a chiral array. Significantly, these nanopatterns have the sizes of hundreds of nanometers, which are in principle also suitable for big noble metal nanoparticles arrays.     

不同材料逆古斯汉欣位移机理的对比研究

通过计算分界面附近的能流矢量曲线,对贵金属、超材料和负折射光子晶体表面的逆古斯汉欣位移的物理机制进行了研究.结果表明,虽然一定频率的入射光波在这3类材料表面反射时都能产生逆古斯汉欣位移,但逆古斯汉欣位移发生的物理机制完全不同.金属表面产生的逆古斯汉欣位移是因为TM偏振入射光诱导金属表面自由电子振荡,从而激发表面等离子体波;超材料表面产生的逆古斯汉欣位移是因为反射光束相对入射光束发生了相位突变;负折射光子晶体表面产生的逆古斯汉欣位移是光子晶体的等效负折射效应和周期性表面的综合作用,即全反射时激发了后向表面波.     

等离子体太阳电池的研究进展

 高效太阳电池是近年太阳电池产业发展的目标,等离子体太阳电池技术则是近年来研究的比较活跃的高效太阳电池技术之一。该文对等离子体太阳电池,从原理,材料到技术的最新研究进展做了比较全面的论述。等离子体太阳电池主要是利用贵金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子体效应增强太阳电池的光吸收。该技术既可以用在传统的硅电池上也可以用在薄膜电池上,尤其适用于作为薄膜电池的陷光结构,并且易于和传统的电池制造工艺相结合,有实现商业化的潜力。     

Single scattering particles based analytical techniques

Single scattering particles,especially noble metal(plasmonic) nanoparticles,based analytical techniques are attractive recently and becoming the research focus of the light scattering analytical techniques.In this mini review,we summarize the single scattering particles based analytical techniques in the past decade including single scattering particles counting,single plasmonic nanoparticles sensing,and single plasmonic nanoparticles tracking/imaging.We emphasize the discussion on the single plasmonic nanoparticles sensing that combines with dark-field microscopy and resonant Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy.     

肿瘤主动靶向磁性纳米粒子研究现状及其在肿瘤热疗中的应用

 磁性纳米粒子已广泛应用于肿瘤的成像和治疗,但限制其临床应用的重大障碍是纳米粒子在肿瘤部位不能达到足够的浓度。主动靶向磁性纳米粒子是磁性纳米粒子表面偶联特定的靶向配体,靶向性结合特定的肿瘤细胞。靶向配体的选择是提高主动靶向性的关键。主动靶向性提高了磁性纳米粒子在肿瘤组织内的浓度,减少对正常组织的毒性,从而使其在肿瘤成像与治疗成为可能。磁感应热疗利用磁介质在外加交变磁场的作用下感应发热,是一种新型的具有前景的肿瘤治疗手段。依靠磁性纳米粒子主动靶向性,磁感应热疗将更好地实现细胞内热疗,提高肿瘤治疗的疗效。     

Preparation of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> microspheres with sodium ions and self-assembly of photonic crystals

SiO2 microspheres were prepared via a novel co-precipitation process.The Na + ions were introduced by adding sodium chloride and metal sodium in solution systems for improving surface charge of the SiO2 microspheres.And then SiO2 photonic crystals were fabricated by the vertical deposition method.The electrical properties,micromorphology and optical properties were characterized by zeta potential instrument,scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Uv-Vis-Nir spectroph...     

Bottom-up fabrication approaches to novel plasmonic materials

Recent research effort towards developing novel metal nanoparticles (NPs) and their ordered arrays have been motivated by the emergence of plasmonics. In particular, tuning the size, morphology, composition and the separation of metal NPs has allowed us to engineer the collective properties of plasmonic crystals for specific applications. Here we present our recent development of bottom-up growth methods and demonstrate convenience for the preparation of such plasmonic materials. By implementation of physical, chemical, or electrochemical deposition of a metal in combination with micromolding on two-dimensional colloidal crystals, metallic NPs with a variety of morphologies can be created in an ordered lattice. The prepared novel plasmonic crystals could find applications in optics, optoelectronics, materials science, sensing and biophysics.     

纳米稀土金属有机框架材料的合成及其生物医学应用研究进展

近年来,纳米稀土金属有机框架(MOF)材料的合成及其在生物医学,特别是在肿瘤诊断和治疗方面的应用研究引起了科学家们广泛的关注.一方面,纳米稀土MOF具有独特的光学和磁学性质,可用于生物成像(如荧光成像和磁共振成像等);另一方面,纳米稀土MOF的组成和结构多样,且具有高的比表面和大的孔容,是具有潜力的药物控释载体.这种集多种功能于一身的纳米稀土MOF为开发新型的诊疗一体化试剂提供了一个新的平台.介绍了近年来纳米稀土MOF的合成及其在生物医学方面的应用的研究进展.     

贵金属纳米材料用于生物成像研究进展

 贵金属纳米材料在光稳定性、光信号强度、生物兼容性等方面具有其他材料无法比拟的优势,已成功应用于各科学研究领域,尤其是在生命科学与生物医学研究等方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文简介贵金属纳米材料在荧光成像、拉曼成像、暗场成像的成像原理及优缺点,综述贵金属纳米材料在生物成像方面的最新研究进展。随着纳米合成技术的快速发展及检测手段的提高,贵金属纳米材料将会从基础的科学研究领域更全面地走向实际应用。而单分子光谱和光学显微成像技术取得了长足的进步,很有可能带给生物成像表征手段一次全新的革命。     

All-metallic three-dimensional photonic crystals with a large infrared bandgap

Three-dimensional (3D) metallic crystals are promising photonic bandgap structures: they can possess a large bandgap, new electromagnetic phenomena can be explored, and high-temperature (above 1,000 degrees C) applications may be possible. However, investigation of their photonic bandgap properties is challenging, especially in the infrared and visible spectrum, as metals are dispersive and absorbing in these regions. Studies of metallic photonic crystals have therefore mainly concentrated on microwave and millimetre wavelengths. Difficulties in fabricating 3D metallic crystals present another challenge, although emerging techniques such as self-assembly may help to resolve these problems. Here we report measurements and simulations of a 3D tungsten crystal that has a large photonic bandgap at infrared wavelengths (from about 8 to 20 microm). A very strong attenuation exists in the bandgap, approximately 30 dB per unit cell at 12 microm. These structures also possess other interesting optical properties; a sharp absorption peak is present at the photonic band edge, and a surprisingly large transmission is observed in the allowed band, below 6 microm. We propose that these 3D metallic photonic crystals can be used to integrate various photonic transport phenomena, allowing applications in thermophotovoltaics and blackbody emission.     

铱配合物在生物成像和癌症治疗中的研究进展

金属铱配合物因结构易修饰、发光效率高和发光寿命长等特性,在光学材料、生物传感、生物成像和光动力治疗等领域应用广泛。铱配合物的光物理与光化学性质受配体影响,可通过改变配体调控铱配合物的光学性能,提升生物成像能力。此外,还可通过配体调控使铱配合物具有靶向特定细胞器的能力并影响功能,从而表现出独特的抗肿瘤活性,有望替代铂类抗癌药物,是金属配合物类抗癌药物的研究热点。介绍了近几年铱配合物在靶向细胞器生物成像、提升光动力治疗疗效和作为抗癌药物这3方面的研究,希望为铱配合物在生物医学领域中的应用提供帮助。     

稀土纳米粒子作为磁共振成像造影剂的研究进展

镧系元素拥有独特的4f外层电子结构,从而使其具有独特的光学和磁学性质.利用具有磁学性质的镧系元素合成的稀土纳米粒子被广泛用作磁共振成像造影剂.主要总结了近年来磁性稀土纳米粒子的种类、合成方法及不同系列(T_1,T_2)的磁共振成像造影剂的应用现状,并展望了其前景.     

镧系发光材料用于生物成像的研究进展

镧系元素因其特殊的4f电子层结构而具有优异的光谱特性,如尖锐的线状谱带和相对较长的激发态寿命,这大大提高了其光学成像性能,是一类新型的成像元素.但其电子跃迁几率低,表现出较差的发光强度及较低的吸光效率,这对镧系发光材料作为生物成像探针的发展有一定的阻碍.近些年,研究者们通过设计镧系材料组成与结构,对其发光性能进行调控,使其成像性能得到了极大的提升.该文分别综述了镧系配合物、镧系纳米粒子作为成像探针的发光原理、材料类型及生物应用.