超级双相钢复合板的焊接及质量控制

双相钢复合板具有较强的抗腐蚀性、高强度,是以不锈钢为覆层、低合金钢为材料的复合钢板,具有奥氏体不锈钢抗晶间腐蚀、力学性能、焊接性好的特点,现已得到了广泛应用。该类钢兼有奥氏体和铁素体不锈钢的特点,与铁素体相比,塑性、韧性更高,无室温脆性,耐晶间腐蚀性能和焊接性能均显著提高,同时还保持有铁素体不锈钢的475℃脆性以及导热系数高,具有超塑性等特点。对于超级双相钢复合板的焊接与质量控制,有待进一步探索研究。     

制造重整反应器用奥氏体不锈钢S30409的焊接

S30409奥氏体型不锈钢不但具有较好的力学性能,便于机械加工、冲压和焊接,而且在氧化性环境中具有优良的耐蚀性能；同时,由于奥氏体的再结晶温度高,铁和其他元素的原子在其中的扩散系数小,故其强化稳定性比铁素体高,因此,奥氏体不锈钢也可作为耐热钢使用.进行了S30409不锈钢的对接接头组合焊接工艺评定及产品的施焊,各项技术指标均满足要求,证明所选用的焊接方法、焊接材料、焊接工艺正确合理.     

制造重整反应器用奥氏体不锈钢S30409的焊接

S30409奥氏体型不锈钢不但具有较好的力学性能,便于机械加工、冲压和焊接,而且在氧化性环境中具有优良的耐蚀性能;同时,由于奥氏体的再结晶温度高,铁和其他元素的原子在其中的扩散系数小,故其强化稳定性比铁素体高,因此,奥氏体不锈钢也可作为耐热钢使用。就此进行了S30409不锈钢的对接接头组合焊接工艺评定及产品的施焊,各项技术指标均满足要求,证明所选用的焊接方法、焊接材料、焊接工艺正确合理。     

双相钢不锈钢药芯焊丝堆焊试验

双相不锈钢在室温下固溶体中奥氏体和铁素体约各占半且兼有两相组织特征。它保留了铁素体不锈钢导热系数大、线膨胀系数小、耐点蚀,缝蚀及氯化物应力腐蚀性能的特点;又具备奥氏体钢不锈钢韧性好、脆性转变温度较低、抗晶间腐蚀、力学性能和焊接性能好的优点,双相不锈钢堆焊层的力学性能和耐蚀性取决于接头能否保持适当的相比例,正确选用焊接材料、严格控制焊接热输入量以及制定合理的焊接工艺是是双相不锈钢焊接的关键,本文进行了双相不锈钢药芯焊丝堆焊工艺试验、焊接工艺评定及产品的施焊,各项技术指标均满足要求,证明所选用的焊接方法、焊接材料、焊接工艺规范正确合理。     

S22053双相不锈钢压力容器的制造工艺

双相不锈钢S22053兼有奥氏体不锈钢和铁素体不锈钢的双重优点,强度较高,韧性较好,焊接性较好,同时也具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,价格低廉,因此在石油化工、海水处理以及其他严重腐蚀性环境中逐渐取代传统的奥氏体不锈钢而得到广泛应用。为保证其良好的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,本文从设备的选材、原材料的控制、焊接方法及焊接参数的选定、内件装配方案的确定、无损检测等关键制造工艺点出发,对S22053双相不锈钢压力容器的制造工艺进行简单总结。     

N_2对不锈钢GTAW焊缝铁素体含量和组织演变过程的影响

在不锈钢的焊接中,控制焊缝金属中的铁素体含量对于防止出现热裂纹、保证焊缝耐蚀性能和力学性能都有着重要的作用.在不锈钢中氮是强烈的奥氏体化元素,通过在保护气体中加入N_2的方法向焊缝过渡氮元素从而调控焊缝中的铁素体含量是一种简单可行的技术思路.本研究采用实时调整气体配比技术配制不同配比的Ar-N_2混合气作为保护气体,对304L奥氏体不锈钢和2205双相不锈钢进行了GTAW多层多道焊接试验.分析研究了保护气体中的N_2添加量对奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属中铁素体含量的影响以及对双相不锈钢焊缝金属中的相比例和微观组织的演变规律.结果表明,对304L不锈钢,保护气中加入0.5%～1.0%的N_2能够将焊缝中平均铁素体数FN有效控制在3～7范围内.对2205双相不锈钢,打底焊时保护气中加入3.0%的N_2能够有效促进一次奥氏体的形成并抑制二次奥氏体的析出;填充和盖面焊则应减少保护气中的N_2含量或用纯Ar作为保护气才能保证焊缝的整体相比例在合理范围内.该研究工作对推广动态气体配比技术在不锈钢焊接生产中的应用提供了前期的理论基础.     

00Cr12Ti不锈钢焊接接头性能分析

通过对00Cr12Ti不锈钢板材手工钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接接头的微观组织观察、无损检测以及力学性能、耐蚀性能等试验,研究00Cr12Ti不锈钢板材TIG焊接接头的组织与性能,并与0Cr13焊接接头作对比.结果表明:采用TIG焊接方法及较小的焊接规范,00Cr12Ti不锈钢板材TIG焊接接头焊缝未发现裂纹、气孔等缺陷,强度和塑性良好;00Cr12Ti的HAZ组织为粗大的铁素体晶粒(ASTM 2级);0Cr13的HAZ组织为不规则铁素体晶粒和分布于晶界上由奥氏体相变而生成的块状马氏体.00Cr12Ti焊接接头的耐腐蚀能力优于0Cr13焊接接头.     

不同Al质量分数的铸造304不锈钢组织和性能

通过中频无芯感应炉,在无保护气氛的大气中熔炼铸造制备Al质量分数为0%、1.5%、2%、3%的304不锈钢,并对其进行1 050℃,保温45min的固溶处理,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验,研究不同Al质量分数304不锈钢的组织和性能.结果表明:304不锈钢中加入Al元素后合金的组织由奥氏体+少量的骨骼状的δ铁素体逐渐转变为奥氏体+铁素体双相组织,当含Al质量分数为3.0%时,304不锈钢的基体组织转变为铁素体和在铁素体晶界上分布着的少量奥氏体.固溶态高铝304不锈钢的性能优于铸态性能,含Al质量分数1.5%的固溶态304不锈钢具有最优的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,与未加铝的304相比,各种性能均得到较大提高.     

奥氏体不锈钢的焊接特点及焊条选用原则

奥氏体不锈钢是在工业生产中广泛应用的一种耐蚀钢,但是在焊接的过程中奥氏体不锈钢容易产生焊接质量缺陷。本文着重介绍奥氏体不锈钢的焊接特点、防止措施及焊条的选用原则。     

浅谈奥氏体不锈钢焊接特点

奥氏体不锈钢具有良好的焊接性,目前工业上应用最广,焊接时一般不需要采取特殊的工艺措施,通过对本公司生产的设备分析了奥氏体不锈钢在焊接时产生缺陷的原因和防治措施,通过焊接特点理论和实践分析,制定合理的工艺措施和焊接材料合理选用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-