市政污水污泥减排技术分析

介绍了我国市政污水污泥的处理处置现状,以及污泥减量、污泥处理处置中的常用技术,并分析了各种技术的原理及存在问题。说明必须根据我国国情及污泥特性,选择合适的"污泥减量/污泥稳定/污泥处置"组合工艺,才能实现污泥管理的可持续性。     

剩余污泥减量化资源化实验项目的设计与研究

基于剩余污泥减量化资源化的研究现状,设计研发了适用于本科实验教学的剩余污泥臭氧氧化减量技术以及清液中磷的沉淀法回收技术。本实验项目紧密结合学科发展的技术前沿,具有先进性和综合性的特点,有助于激发学生对环境领域中有机废弃物资源化利用的思考,有助于提高学生的动手实践能力和综合分析能力。     

低剂量臭氧处理污泥减量的研究

对低剂量臭氧在剩余活性污泥减量中的应用进行了探讨.结果表明,当活性污泥进行低剂量臭氧(≤0.010 mgO3/mgMLSS)处理时,可取得较好的减量化效果.当臭氧投加剂量为0.010 mgO3/mgMLSS时,反应60 min活性污泥的总去除率达到77.73%.臭氧处理会同时导致溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)的增加.臭氧投加剂量为0.005 mgO3/mgMLSS时污泥中的SCOD增加至20.28 mg/gMLSS·L.污泥沉降比(SV%)减少率随臭氧投加剂量的增大呈线性增加趋势.低剂量处理后的污泥容积指数(SVI)值在58～62 mg/L之间,污泥的沉降性能良好,并未产生污泥膨胀现象.     

剩余污泥预处理方法研究现状概述

活性污泥处理会产生大量剩余污泥,在剩余污泥处理过程中,为了加快污泥水解速率,提高厌氧消化性能,污泥预处理技术已成为国内外研究的热点问题。该文就目前常用的物理、化学、生物以及联合处理等几类污泥预处理方法进行了一定的介绍。不同的预处理方法各有利弊,超声波预处理具有作用时间短,处理效率高,能有效提高污泥厌氧消化的产甲烷能力等优点;碱处理可有效提高污泥产气率和脱水性能,但碱处理后的高pH值不利于产甲烷菌的生长,且碱对设备有一定的腐蚀作用;臭氧预处理和生物酶预处理均可提高剩余污泥溶解性,但臭氧生产耗能较高。选择不同预处理方法进行联合处理,往往能够取得更为显著的效果。     

超声波污泥过程减量研究现状及其与新型生物脱氮工艺联用措施探讨

剩余污泥产量的逐年攀升已成为困扰我国污水处理行业发展的严峻问题，超声波技术（即高强度超声波）因具有从源头减少污泥产量的优点而倍受研究者重视。介绍了超声波污泥过程减量技术的原理及主要影响因素，综述了为提高污泥过程减量率和降低能耗的超声波改进技术研究现状，包括超声波与物化方法、与传统污水生物处理工艺的联用法。针对超声波与传统污水生物处理工艺联用存在污泥减量和出水水质恶化的矛盾，结合低强度超声波能够提高污泥生物活性并促进短程硝化过程的优点，总结出一种不同强度超声波耦合新型污水生物处理工艺（短程硝化-反硝化，短程硝化/短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧）的方法并对其技术优势进行探讨。     

污水处理中剩余污泥减量化研究现状综述

剩余污泥问题是目前污水处理领域面临的最严重、迫切需要解决的问题之一。污泥减量化技术是在剩余污泥资源化基础上进一步提出的剩余污泥处置新概念,是解决剩余污泥问题的根本性方法。污泥减量工艺的关键就是高效污水处理的同时具有尽可能低的污泥产率。     

污泥减量化技术的研究进展

由于现在传统剩余污泥的处理方法存在投资大、处理成本高等各种弊端,所以有必要对污泥处理进行新的研究,本文总结了目前比较新的污泥减量化技术及工艺(生物法、氧化法、机械破解法、热化学法等),并介绍了各种技术的研究现状和存在的问题,同时提出了污泥处理的发展方向。     

污泥处理条件对臭氧破解污泥能力的影响

利用臭氧强氧化性,使污泥细胞破解有机质溶出,实现活性污泥的全循环再生化处理,达到污泥“零排放”的目的.本研究改变处理条件(臭氧投加量、反应时间和空气进气量等),系统地检测反应前后污泥混合液的各项指标(总悬浮固体、挥发性悬浮固体、溶解性化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、污泥沉降比),探讨臭氧氧化破解污泥反应的机理.由实验可知,在臭氧氧化破解污泥实验中,投加的臭氧量(相对于总悬浮固体)为0.27 g/g,反应时间为30 min,空气进气量为2.0 L/min时,破解的效果达到最佳,总悬浮固体的减少量达到2.8 g/L.气体流量越大破解效果越好,在空气进气量为2.0 L/min的条件下,臭氧氧化破解污泥实验效果最佳.随着臭氧投加量的增加,MLSS减少速率将由慢到快,然后趋于平缓,最佳投放量为0.25 g/g时,总悬浮固体减少量为1.42 g/L,SCOD的增加量为626 mg/L,氨氮和总磷的增加量分别为10.7、1.068 mg/L.     

木炭对污泥堆肥有机质减量和腐熟度的影响

以木炭为供试生物炭,分别添加污泥初始质量0,10%,20%和30%的木炭,通过元素分析和红外光谱技术,研究木炭促进污泥堆肥过程中碳减量和氮减量的效果.结果表明:随着木炭添加量的增加,污泥中碳的质量分数显著减少;堆肥结束时,相比未添加木炭工况,添加木炭工况的碳减量程度和氮减量程度分别提高了18.3%~27.8%和10.3%~17.2%;污泥堆肥的芳构化程度和稳定度相应提高,多糖、蛋白质类和脂肪类成分减少.     

含油污泥复合调理方案研究简

对石化企业污水处理厂含油污泥脱水性能进行研究,首先使用石油醚对其进行油水分离处理,真空抽滤后,测试滤饼的含水率,以含水率作为判别指标.探究生物质、臭氧和超声调理3种方式,单一及复合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明:3种方式单一调理最佳参数,先进行臭氧化,臭氧的最佳投加量为0.1g/g,滤饼含水率为82.45%;再进行超声处理,28kHz时间超声波作用最佳为2min,滤饼含水率为74.61%;生物质与污泥干物质量比为2.5%时,滤饼含水率为62.7%;复合调理参数为臭氧投加量0.1g/g,超声波时间2min,生物质与污泥干质比为2%时,滤饼的含水率达到59.76%.复合调理效果优于单一调理,调理后污泥能够自持燃烧.     

Experimental Study on Minimization of Sludge Production by Ozonation Process

Based on the hypothesis of reducing sludge production under cryptic growth conditions, ozone was used as cell lysis agent to treat excess sludge, and then the ozonated supernatant was returned to. the aeration tank. The results show that COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies in ozonation process were 87.96% and 84.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, a low excess sludge yield coefficient of 0.113 (g SS/g COD removed) was obtained. Compared with that of the control test, the process configuration decreased the excess sludge production by 51.3%.     

Activated Sludge Ozonation to Reduce Sludge Production in MBR

The total experimental period was divided into two stages. At the first stage, a series of batch studies were carried out to get an understanding of the effect of ozouation on sludge properties. At the following stages, three MBRs with different amounts of activated sludge to be ozonated were run in parallel for a long period to evaluate the influence of sludge ozonation on sludge yield and permeate quality. Through batch study, it was found that ozone could disrupt the cell walls and caused the release of plasm from the cells, then the amounts of soluble organics in the solution increased with ozouation time. With the rise of soluble organics, the amount of soluble organics to be mineralized increased as well, which would reduce the soluble organics content. For the counteraction between these two aspects, a pseudo-balanee could be achieved, and soluble organics would vary in a limited range. Sludge ozonation also increased the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the solution. In addition, ozouation was effective in improving sludge settling property. On the basis of batch study, a suitable ozone dosage of 0.16 kgO3/kgMLSS was determined. Three systems were run in parallel for a total period of 39 days, it was demonstrated that a part of activated sludge ozonation could reduce sludge production significantly, and biological perfonnanee of mineralization and nitrification would not be inhibited due to sludge ozouation. Experimental results proved that the combination of ozonation unit with MBR unit could achieve an excellent quality of permeate as well as a small quantity of sludge production, and economic analysis indicated that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and sludge was only 0.096Yuan （US$ 0.011,5 ）/m^3 wastewater.     

Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

臭氧对剩余污泥的破解效果研究

为研究臭氧对污泥的破解效果,在剩余污泥中通入臭氧进行静态试验。结果表明,随着臭氧氧化时间的增加,臭氧对污泥的溶胞效果有不同程度的改善:污泥液相中蛋白质的浓度和UV254均上升,蛋白质浓度最高达56.3 mg/L,30 min时增幅约为4.52倍,此时UV254增加率达到46.21%,表明臭氧处理污泥的最佳时间为30 min;pH随时间增加逐渐降低,但降低幅度不大;通过镜检观察和粒径测定,臭氧可以促进污泥絮体的破坏,使絮体颗粒变小、变分散。     

A/B/C活性污泥法新工艺的研究及应用

ABC活性污泥法即是将污泥负荷分为高负荷、一般负荷及低负荷三个区间运行,根据污泥负荷与污泥容积指数的关系进行设计,不仅提高了系统的净化效率,还防止了污泥的膨胀,是目前理想的生物处理新工艺。     

城市污泥处置方法概述

城市污水污泥的处置已成为目前环境科学研究领域中的重要问题。城市污泥是城市污水处理的副产品,不仅产生量大,而且成分复杂,如果处理不当,将会造成环境的二次污染。同时,污泥作为二次资源,如何经济、合理地利用也是当今社会广泛关注的问题之一。概述了当前城市污泥处置的方法及研究进展。     

初级污泥好氧消化的实验研究

通过对初级污泥、初级污泥和剩余活性污泥按比例１：１组成的混合污泥进行了好氧消化试验研究，结果表明在３０℃条件下间歇运行１８天，初级污泥和混合污泥ＴＳ、ＴＶＳ的去除率分别为４７％、４４％和４８％、４７．8％，可与剩余活性污泥单独消化效果相比，同时研究了ＳＶＩ．ｐＨ、ＯＵＲ、ＴＴＣ－ＤＨＡ等指标的变化规律。     

好氧活性污泥在升流式厌氧污泥床反应器中的厌氧颗粒化过程及机制

 采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以城市污水处理厂二沉池活性污泥为种泥,研究好氧絮状污泥的厌氧颗粒化过程及其机制.UASB在污泥负荷(SLR)0.25kg(COD)/(kg(VSS)·d)和水力负荷(HLR)0.1m³/(m²·h)的条件下启动后,通过分阶段缩短水力停留时间(HRT)的方式逐步将SLR和HLR提高到0.52kg(COD)/(kg(VSS)·d)和0.3m³/m²·h,经过150d的连续运行,成功培育出了厌氧颗粒污泥,系统对COD的去除率达到了95%以上.厌氧颗粒污泥的形成过程先后经历了污泥驯化期、微生物聚集体形成期、初生颗粒污泥形成期、次生颗粒污泥形成期、成熟颗粒污泥形成期5个时期.好氧絮状污泥的厌氧颗粒化机制整体上符合二次核学说,其中初生颗粒污泥的形成符合黏液学说,而次生颗粒污泥的形成机制与目前已报道的厌氧颗粒污泥形成机制不同,其内核是由初生颗粒污泥破碎后的碎片组成,产甲烷丝状菌和其他细菌通过插入碎片中或者附着于碎片表面的方式形成聚集体,并逐渐发展成为次生颗粒污泥.