环烷酸季戊四醇脂的合成

介绍了用氧化亚锡非酸性催化剂催化合成环烷酸季戊四醇脂的方法，通过讨论醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对该脂化反应的影响，从而确定了适宜的工艺条件．     

季铵型阳离子淀粉的合成研究

以木薯淀粉为原料与阳离子醚化剂和碱性催化剂的混合物进行反应，采用湿法合成季铵型阳离子淀粉。通过对季铵型阳离子淀粉取代度和反应效率等重要指标的分析，着重讨论了合成过程中反应温度、反应时间、醚化剂用量、催化剂用量等因素对取代度及反应效率的影响；确定了用氢氧化钠为催化剂时的最佳反应条件。所得产品适用于造纸工业。     

粘土的催化活性及在实验教学中的应用

通过对催化剂机理的研究和反复的实验，选择了较为常见的粘土作为催化剂的代用品，它取材经济方便，无毒无腐蚀性，具有很高的反应活性及选择性，符合对催化剂的要求，用其代替二氧化锰，碱石灰，浓硫酸等催化剂，制备氧气，甲烷，乙烯等气体，实验效果良好。     

甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的制备

采用金属钙（Ca)作为催化剂，以N，N－二甲氨基乙醇（DMAE）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为原料，常压下反应及减压蒸馏分熟，用酯交换方法合成甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯（DMAEMA）。用红外光谱仪分析了产品的结构，通过实验提出了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应时间等优化反应条件。     

酯交换法合成丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯

采用二丁基二月桂酸锡为催化剂，以二甲氨基乙醇和丙烯酸甲酯为原料，常压下反应及减压蒸馏分离，用酯交换方法合成丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯．通过实验考察了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应时间等反应条件对反应的影响．结果表明：二丁基二月桂酸锡是合成丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的优良催化剂；在优化条件下，产率达到90．46％，纯度99．2％；催化剂可重复使用．     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成环己烯

研究了强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化环己醇脱水制备环己烯的反应，考察了催化剂用量、反应时间等对脱水反应的影响。结果表明：该催化剂对脱水反应具有良好的催化活性，可避免用浓硫酸催化造成的环境污染，并且产品收率和纯度较高，催化剂可重复使用。     

丁二酸单十八酯的合成研究

以环己烷为惰性溶剂，吡啶为催化剂，采用均相法合成了丁二酸单十八酯，通过对反应介质、反应条件的选择和用红外、核磁等对终产物的分析表明，酯化反应按所设计的路线进行。该法具有操作简便，反应条件温和，所用的溶剂介质和催化剂可以循环使用，单酯化产物纯度高等优点，具有一定的工业应用价值。     

Pd（Ⅱ）／γ－Al_2O_3对有机锡试剂和有机卤化物偶联反应催化作用的研究

用浸渍法制备了Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，详细考察了催化剂对有机锡试剂和α－卤代酸酯、α－卤代酮、卤代苯等有机卤化物偶联反应的催化作用。结果表明该负载催化剂对偶联反应有很高的催化活性和化学选择性，催化剂循环使用六次，偶联反应的产率还是很高的。用ＸＰＳ、ＸＲＤ、电镜等方法对催化剂进行了表征，证明催化活性中心质点是金属态的钯。     

对甲酚催化氧化制备对羟基苯甲醛

对甲酚氧化制备对羟基苯甲醛是以树脂负载Ｃｏ３Ｏ４为催化剂，用空气为氧化剂进行的非均相催化控制氧化反应，筛选出了优良的催化剂载体，优化得到最佳反应条件。所制备的催化剂具有良好的催化活性和寿命，在最佳反应条件下对甲酚的转化率达９０％醛的选择性为９１％。通过动力学研究建立了反应的速率方程，并求出反应的表观活化能和指前因子。     

硫化铁催化剂的制备,表征及对H2S制H2反应的研究

用不同方法制备了几种硫化铁催化剂，研究了其对Ｈ２Ｓ分解制取氢气反应的催化性能。用ＴＰＲ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＯ、ＤＴＡ及表面积测定等手段对反应前后的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，以机械混合的超细粒子α－ＦｅＯ２Ｏ３和γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为催化剂的先驱物时，其反应性能最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with