S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的可溶性表达

系统考察了pET可溶性表达系统对酵母来源的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的表达情况,结果显示:采用含Nus·Tag融合标签的pET-44a为载体,trx B和gor双突变的Origami为宿主最适合目的蛋白的可溶性表达。进一步考察不同来源的大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌的可溶性时,也得到了相似的结论,比较发现酵母来源的SAM合成酶可溶性表达的比活力最高达60.9 U/mg。     

甲醇浓度和VHb蛋白表达对重组毕赤酵母生产SAM的影响

以插入AOX1启动子调控S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)合成酶/VHb表达单元的重组毕赤酵母为对象,研究了甲醇浓度及vgb表达对茵体生长、SAM产量及SAM合成酶活力的影响,同时也考察了vgb表达对胞内ATP含量及细胞活性的影响.结果表明:甲醇浓度(?(CH3OH))由0.008提高至0.016后,可提高菌体浓度、SAM产量及单位菌体SAM含量;当?(CH3OH)=0.024时,SAM产量及单位菌体SAM含量与?(CH3OH)=0.016时相当,而菌体浓度稍低于?(CH3OH)=0.016时,高于?(CH3OH)=0.008时的菌体浓度.提高甲醇浓度导致SAM合成酶活力降低,细胞死亡率增加,说明在所考察的重组菌中SAM合成酶的活性并不是SAM合成的限制因素.在上述3种甲醇浓度时,透明颤菌血红蛋白VHb表达都改善了细胞活性,并在较高甲醇浓度(0.016和0.024)时提高了胞内ATP含量.     

优化甲硫氨酸补料策略提高重组毕赤酵母G12-CBS合成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸

重组毕赤酵母G12-CBS经代谢工程改造,可高效表达重组S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)合成酶,并弱化了SAM转化途径的关键酶β-胱硫醚合成酶,是一株优良的SAM高产菌。为了利用G12-CBS高效合成SAM,需对前体(甲硫氨酸)的补料策略进行优化。首先在摇瓶中考察了不同甲硫氨酸(L-Methionine,L-Met)添加量对于G12-CBS的影响,发现每24hL-Met补加量超过3mg/mL时,会影响重组菌生长和SAM合成。在15L发酵罐中优化L-Met的补料速率,当外源补料速率为0.4g/(L·h)时SAM产量最高,分别比补料速率为0.2g/(L·h)和0.6g/(L·h)时提高22.2%和31.8%,达到13.01g/L,比出发菌最高产量提高54%。代谢物及酶活测定的结果表明,较低的L-Met补料速率(0.2g/(L·h))导致前体供应不足而影响SAM合成,过高的补料速率(0.6g/(L·h))可能会抑制三羧酸循环,并且影响氮源的摄取和利用,从而导致菌体生长和产物合成受到抑制。     

驱油枯草芽孢杆菌产芽孢条件优化

试验研究了采油微生物枯草芽孢杆菌的芽孢形成及萌发过程。结果表明,最适产芽孢培养基为(g/L):氯化钠5,牛肉膏5,酵母膏2,可溶性淀粉20。最适中间调控pH为9.0,最适中间调控温度为45℃。活菌总数达到1.6×10~9CFU/mL,芽孢数达到2.2×10~8CFU/mL,芽孢率为13.8%。对枯草芽孢杆菌进行3 L发酵罐研究,确定了芽孢形成的最佳搅拌转速为140 r/min,同时确定了芽孢在低转速下也可以萌发。     

枯草芽孢杆菌AS1.398中性蛋白酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

将编码枯草芽孢杆菌AS1.398 的中性蛋白酶功能区和包含前导区序列(“pro”序列)在内的全长基因克隆到酵母整合型质粒pPIC9K中,电转化His4 缺陷型巴斯德毕赤酵母SMD1168,通过MD-G418平板、PCR方法筛选和鉴定重组子。重组子发酵液经SDS-PAGE分析和酶活测定表明,枯草芽孢杆菌AS1.398的全长中性蛋白酶基因在毕赤酵母中获得了高效表达,表达产物分泌至培养基中,分子量约为43kD。经甲醇诱导培养后,发酵液中的中性蛋白酶活力达20000 U/mL。     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌谷氨酰胺合成酶蛋白在改良M9培养基中的诱导表达

以重组枯草芽孢杆菌谷氨酰胺合成酶(L-谷氨酸:氨连接酶,Glutamine Synthetase, GS EC 6.3.1.2)蛋白表达宿主菌株BL21(DE3) (pET3C/谷氨酰胺合成酶)作为研究对象,借助SDS PAGE分析方法,对于用乳糖诱导由T7lac启动子控制的重组目的产物蛋白的各种基本参数进行了初步的研究.研究了最佳本底培养基、最佳碳源及其最佳添加比例、碳源与诱导物的最适组合,并探索了适用于改良型培养基的诱导参数.实验结果表明,对于重组目的产物蛋白,改良型M9培养基完全可以替代LB培养基;以甘油为碳源,可以避免葡萄糖对T7lac启动子的屏蔽作用.以乳糖为诱导物,目的蛋白的表达量、可溶性及酶活与以IPTG为诱导物基本接近.研究结果为酶法合成谷氨酰胺的工业化生产提供了一定的参考.     

乳糖诱导大肠杆菌中重组谷氨酰胺合成酶的表达

以重组枯草芽孢杆菌谷氨酰胺合成酶（L-谷氨酸：氨连接酶，Glutamine Synthetase，GSEC6.3.1.2）蛋白表达宿主菌株BL21（DE3）（pET3C／谷氨酰胺合成酶）作为研究对象，借助SDS-PAGE分析方法，对于用乳糖诱导由T7lac启动子控制的重组目的产物蛋白的表达规律进行了优化研究，分别比较了最佳诱导起始生长量、所需乳糖的浓度、诱导持续时间、补加乳糖和氨苄青霉素及不同培养基等参数对重组产物表达的影响．实验结果表明，对于T7lac启动子控制的重组目的产物，乳糖作为诱导剂也可以起到很好的诱导表达效果，诱导产物的表达量、可溶性及酶活与IPTG诱导产物基本接近．本研究结果为乳糖作为诱导剂应用于重组大肠杆菌谷氨酰胺合成酶工业化生产提供了一定的参考依据．     

白酒糟固态发酵生产蛋白饲料条件的优化

利用枯草芽孢杆菌和热带假丝酵母固态发酵白酒糟以提高白酒糟粗蛋白含量,优化了影响白酒糟固态发酵的单因子试验(接种量、发酵时间、菌种接种比例、尿素添加量)和多因子的正交试验[L9(34)]。结果表明,双菌株固态发酵白酒糟的最优条件为:接种量15%、发酵48 h、枯草芽孢杆菌与热带假丝酵母接种比例2∶1、尿素2 g。     

酿酒酵母2B-39 sam 2在大肠杆菌中的克隆及表达

构建S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因(sam2)的基因工程菌,为S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosylmethionine,SAM)的工业化生产提供参考。应用PCR技术从酿酒酵母的总DNA中扩增出1.2kb的sam2,构建重组载体pET28a-sam2,将其转入大肠杆菌进行表达和分析。SDS-PAGE显示重组克隆表达的SAM2分子量约47kD,重组蛋白量约细菌总蛋白的20.1%,酶活达到19.6nmol/(h.mL),大肠杆菌表达出了具有生物活性的sam2。     

高产S-腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶基因工程菌的构建

应用PCR技术,以大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）染色体DNA为模板,扩增得到S-腺苷蛋氨酸（SAM）合成酶基因。将所得基因连接至表达载体pET-22b（+）,利用T7强启动子进行转录,然后转化进E. coli BL21（DE3）表达菌株,构建出了具有高效表达SAM合成酶基因的基因工程菌。重组菌所表达的酶活为115U/g（以细胞干重计）。     

Expression of a bacterial modification methylase gene in yeast

Methylation of specific cytosines in the DNA is generally believed to play some role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. However, some eukaryotes, such as Drosophila and yeast (S. Hattman, personal communication) seem not to contain 5-methylcytosine in their DNA. It would be interesting to test, how gene expression in such organisms would respond to the methylation of specific cytosines in the genome. As a first step towards this goal, we have introduced the gene encoding the Bacillus sphaericus R modification methylase, which methylates the internal cytosine within the recognition sequence 5'-GGCC, into yeast cells. Southern-type hybridization to DNAs isolated from the transformed yeast clones revealed that the yeast plasmid carrying the prokaryotic methylase gene, as well as the two chromosomal genes tested (his3 and leu2) were methylated, whereas the bulk of the yeast DNA remained largely unmethylated. This indicates that the Bacillus sphaericus modification methylase was expressed in yeast but it modified only certain parts of the yeast DNA.     

Structure of the S-adenosylmethionine riboswitch regulatory mRNA element

Riboswitches are cis-acting genetic regulatory elements found in the 5'-untranslated regions of messenger RNAs that control gene expression through their ability to bind small molecule metabolites directly. Regulation occurs through the interplay of two domains of the RNA: an aptamer domain that responds to intracellular metabolite concentrations and an expression platform that uses two mutually exclusive secondary structures to direct a decision-making process. In Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus species, riboswitches control the expression of more than 2% of all genes through their ability to respond to a diverse set of metabolites including amino acids, nucleobases and protein cofactors. Here we report the 2.9-angstroms resolution crystal structure of an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-responsive riboswitch from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis complexed with S-adenosylmethionine, an RNA element that controls the expression of several genes involved in sulphur and methionine metabolism. This RNA folds into a complex three-dimensional architecture that recognizes almost every functional group of the ligand through a combination of direct and indirect readout mechanisms. Ligand binding induces the formation of a series of tertiary interactions with one of the helices, serving as a communication link between the aptamer and expression platform domains.     

φ10启动子控制下大肠杆菌中rhNTA表达的乳糖诱导

采用乳糖作为诱导物,对φ启动子控制下重组蛋白rhNTA（a new thrombolytic agent）在大肠杆菌中的表达进行研究,结果为培养12h（诱导6h）后湿菌体重量86．0－100．2g/L、目标蛋白占细胞总蛋白的40％－50％。研究了关键基质组分、乳糖诱导等对表达的作用。结果表明,基础料和补充氮源中酵母膏的比例、诱导时机和乳糖流加方式等对表达量的提高有明显的影响。实验显示,采用乳糖诱导时重组蛋白的可溶性部分占有较大的比例。     

Plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus replicate in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

It is known that some plasmids, such as RP4, can replicate in many Gram-negative bacteria. Certain small Staphylococcus aureus plasmids have an even broader host range, being able to replicate in not only phylogenetically distant Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis or Streptococcus pneumoniae, but also in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Here we have examined whether these plasmids can also replicate in a lower eukaryote, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For this purpose we constructed hybrids between a S. aureus plasmid pC194 and an E. coli plasmid YIp5, which carries a ura-3 gene easy to select for in yeast but cannot replicate in this host. We found that the hybrids transformed yeast with high efficiency (as did hybrids between YIp5 and three other S. aureus plasmids); were maintained extrachromosomally in yeast; and were not modified during residence in yeast. We conclude from this evidence that S. aureus plasmids can replicate in yeast, which raises the questions of whether the replication signals used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes are similar, and how far up the phylogenetic tree the organisms still able to be hosts to S. aureus plasmids may be.     

芽孢杆菌植酸酶基因在毕赤酵母中的胞内表达

根据已知的枯草芽孢杆菌WHNB02植酸酶phyC基因全序列设计一对引物,采用PCR法从含有该基因的pUC18-phyC质粒上获得了长约1.1kb不含有信号肽序列的植酸酶phyC基因表达片段.经T载体克隆及序列测定后,构建毕赤巴斯德表达载体pPIC3.5K-phyC,并电转化毕赤巴斯德酵母宿主菌GS115.经MD和MM平板筛选、酶活性测定,获得了阳性转化子,并进行了诱导表达.SDS-PAGE分析表明:表达产物分子量为42.01KD,表达量占细胞可溶性总蛋白的24%,并具有植酸酶的生物学活性.酶学性质分析结果显示:胞内表达的植酸酶酶促反应最适pH值为7.5;最适反应温度为70℃;经90℃处理10min,残留酶活性42% 均优于出发菌株天然植酸酶的相应性质.     

枯草芽孢杆菌的ade基因在大肠杆菌中的MBP融合表达及活性鉴定

扩增了枯草芽孢杆菌的ade基因, 重组入载体pMal-c2x中, 构建了麦芽糖结合蛋白（MBP）融合蛋白的表达体系. 通过IPTG诱导表达, 用MBP亲和层析法, 纯化该融合蛋白（104 700）, 并通过SDS-PAGE对表达及纯化结果进行检验, 对其酶学性质进行了初步研 究. 分析结果表明: 该融合酶蛋白具有显著的腺嘌呤脱氨酶活性, 证明了ade基因是枯草芽孢杆菌中编码腺嘌呤脱氨酶的基因.     

基于动态贝叶斯网络的多时延基因调控网络构建

分子生物学的主要挑战是如何更好地理解基因间的调控机理。重构调控网络有助于探索生命系统的本质问题。目前,已提出的方法大多数都不考虑基因表达之间的时延,或者假定其时延是一个常量。这为深入理解基因调控的时-空机制带来了困难。现提出一个用连续DBNs构建具有多时延基因调控网络的方法,它可以系统地分析基因之间的调控关系。将其应用于酵母菌的转录调控网络中,结果显示,该方法能更好地估计转录时延,进一步提高了调控网络构建的精度。