P20钢等离子体氮化/DLC双重处理研究

为了提高DLC膜与P20塑料模具钢基体间的结合强度,采用高功率大电流脉冲电源,实现P20钢氮化及氮化/DLC连续双重处理。采用SEM、XRD和显微硬度仪对其表面结构、相组成及显微硬度进行测试分析,结果表明:氮化处理增大试样表面粗糙度,氮化层由γ'-Fe4N相和ε-Fe(2,3) N相组成,硬度由240HV0.05上升到830HV0.05;压痕法结合力测试和摩擦磨损实验结果表明,氮化处理提高DLC膜基结合力和摩擦磨损性能。     

钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为5417 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为5923 HV,约为基体显微硬度（2207 HV）的2~3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-021 V）略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-023 V）,铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

光纤激光氮化处理对TC4合金组织和性能的影响

采用高功率光纤激光器在氮气气氛中对TC4钛合金表面进行氮化,制备出渗氮层,并研究了光纤激光功率对TC4钛合金氮化层表面形貌、组织结构以及显微硬度的影响.结果表明:氮化层表面呈现粗糙和光滑两种形貌,氮化层组织为枝晶状组织,热影响区组织为针状组织,当扫描速度为10 mm/s、氮气流量10 L/min、喷嘴距离为3 mm、离焦量为0 mm时,渗氮层的熔深、熔宽均随着激光功率增大而呈现出增大趋势.此外,在距离氮化层表面相同深度的显微硬度随着激光功率增大也呈现出增大趋势.     

20Cr13钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为541.7 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为592.3 HV,约为基体显微硬度(220.7 HV)的2～3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位(-0.21 V)略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位(-0.23 V),铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

激光冲击强化对熔覆后TC4钛合金性能的提高

对TC4钛合金的熔覆试样进行激光冲击强化试验,比较了激光冲击强化前后试样的显微硬度、表面残余应力、显微组织和疲劳性能.TC4钛合金熔覆后,修复区表面残余拉应力为225 MPa,激光冲击强化消除了熔覆产生的拉应力,产生了449 MPa的残余压应力,在基体残留的压应力高达672 MPa;激光冲击强化后,修复区硬度由强化前的333 HV提高到381 HV.TEM显示:3次冲击后,在TC4材料表面形成了纳米晶层.对强化前后的激光熔覆试样进行高周疲劳试验,结果表明:激光冲击强化提高熔覆后钛合金疲劳强度达15.8%.经分析,冲击后细化晶粒和残余压应力对高周疲劳性能的提高起到了关键作用.     

激光冲击强化对熔覆后TC4钛合金性能的提高

对TC4钛合金的熔覆试样进行激光冲击强化试验,比较了激光冲击强化前后试样的显微硬度、表面残余应力、显微组织和疲劳性能.TC4钛合金熔覆后,修复区表面残余拉应力为225 MPa,激光冲击强化消除了熔覆产生的拉应力,产生了449 MPa的残余压应力,在基体残留的压应力高达672 MPa;激光冲击强化后,修复区硬度由强化前的333 HV提高到381 HV.TEM显示:3次冲击后,在TC4材料表面形成了纳米晶层.对强化前后的激光熔覆试样进行高周疲劳试验,结果表明:激光冲击强化提高熔覆后钛合金疲劳强度达15.8％.经分析,冲击后细化晶粒和残余压应力对高周疲劳性能的提高起到了关键作用.     

钴粉涂层激光表面合金化的试验分析

采用2 kW CO2激光器对20Cr2M4W钢进行了激光表面钴合金化的实验研究.利用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射、透射电镜、显微硬度计等手段分析了合金化区域的成分、组织和性能.结果表明:当激光功率为1.4 kW,扫描速度为100～250 mm/min时,激光表面钴合金化可获得含钴均匀的合金化层,合金化层热疲劳性能比基体材料提高1倍以上,生成的氧化膜不易脱落;合金化层的室温硬度提高HV50以上;在700℃时,Co含量为8.08%合金化层的高温硬度提高HV36.因此,激光表面钴合金化在热作工具钢的表面性能优化领域有着可喜的应用前景.     

高镍铬无限冷硬铸铁轧辊表面激光合金化的研究

将激光合金化技术应用于高镍铬无限冷硬合金铸铁轧辊,利用OM,SEM,显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪对激光合金化层的显微组织、成分、截面显微硬度分布和物相进行分析研究.结果表明,合金化层表面平整,与基体形成了冶金结合,部分区域存在裂纹.在激光功率、光斑直径、搭接率一定的条件下,合金化层厚度随扫描速度变化不大;裂纹率随速度增加而增加;合金化层硬度随速度的增加先提高后降低.当激光功率为7.2 kW,光斑直径为0.8~3 mm,搭接率为33.3%时,最佳扫描速度为11 m/min.此时,合金化层平均厚度为0.287 5 mm,平均显微硬度为1 001 HV0.05,是基体材料(656 HV)的1.53倍.     

激光熔凝处理对合金铸铁组织及性能的影响

研究了激光熔凝处理对合金铸铁的组织、抗回火稳定性及耐磨性的影响。结果表明：激光处理试样由熔化区、部分熔化区、相变硬化区、基体四部分组成,熔凝层晶粒明显细化。与常规处理试样相比,熔化区的显微硬度、抗回火稳定性及耐磨性均明显提高。     

H13钢表面激光熔覆Ni60A合金组织及性能分析

利用HUST-5000横流CO2激光器在H13热作模具钢表面制备了Ni60A镍基合金涂层。采用金相显微镜和XRD等对熔覆层的微观组织及成分进行了分析,利用显微硬度仪和磨损试验机分别测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性能。分析表明,激光熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,熔覆层的组织主要由FeNi3、Ni2Si和γ(Fe-Ni)等相组成;熔覆层显微硬度HV0.2在800~900之间,明显高于H13钢基体的硬度。摩擦磨损试验表明,在相同的条件下,熔覆层的耐磨性能是基体的2倍多,且随载荷的增加,磨损量的变化较小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.