分配生成素近环的微商

设N是一个分配生成（distributively-gnerated）素近环，中心为Z,I是N的非零理想，d是N的一个非平凡微商。若N满足下列条件之一，则N必为可换环。1、对任意x∈I，d（x）∈Z；2、N是2一扭自由的，对任意x∈I，d2（x）∈Z；3、到任意x∈I，x－d（x）∈Z     

素拟环上的幂零导子

设N是零对称的素拟环,证明了：（i）若N是2-挠自由的,d1,d2是N上的两个导子,则下列3条件等价：（1）d1d2是一个导子;（2）d1（x）d2（y）＋d2（x）d1（y）=0,任意x,y∈N;（3）d1=0或d2=0．（ii）设N是挠自由的,若N容纳两个非零导子d1,d2,使得[d1（x）,d2（y）]=0,任意x,y∈N,则N不能容纳任何非零的幂零导子．     

导子与环的交换性

讨论了带有非零导子的结合环的交换性,证明了:定理1 R是特征非2的素环,f,g为R的两个非零导子,若有自然数n使得x~nfg(y)-fg(y)x~n∈Z(R) (?)x,y∈R则R可换.定理3 R为无零因子环,d为R的非零导子,若(?)x∈R,d~n_x∈Z(R)且R的特征不是(n+1)1的因子,则R可换.定理5 若素环R的特征不为2,U为R的非零Lie理想,且(?)u∈U有udu+duu∈Z(R),则u~2∈Z(R)且当u~2∈U时,U(?)Z(R).     

关于素环导子的几个定理

讨论了素环理想上导子的性质,推广改进了文献[4],[5]中的结果.证明了下面定理,设R是2-扭自由的素环,I是R的非零理想,Z是环R的中心.若存在非零导子d,满足对任意的x∈I均有[x,d(x2)]∈Z或对任意的x∈I均有x2·d(x)∈Z且Z∩I≠{0}x2,则环R为交换环.     

一类分配生成素近环成为交换整区的条件

设N是2－挠自由分配生成素近环，它具有单位元1和中心Z，证明了：如果N满足下列条件之一，则N是交换整区。（1）N容纳两个非零导子D1，D2，使得D1D2（N）包含于Z；（2）N容纳一个非零导子D，使得{D)N),D^2(N)]=0。     

环的交换性定理

本文证明了如下定理:定理1 环R有左单位元,N为R的幂零集元合,(?)x,y∈R,若x≡y((?)od N)就导致x,y与N中元可换或x~k=y~k,x~(k+1)=y~(k+1),其中k=k(x,y)>2,则N为R的理想;且当R/N的每一子环都幂等时,R为交换环.定理2 环R有左单位元且为2-扭自由,N为R的暴零元集合.若V~x,y∈R,x≡y(mod N)就导致x,y与N中元可换或x~k=y~k,x~(k+1)=y~(k+1),k=k(x,y)>2;或x~2=y~2,则N为R的理想,且当R/N的每一子环幂等时,R为交换环.     

结合环的约当微商

设R是一个结合环,满足由2x=0,x∈R,可推出x=0,N是R的一个非零理,D_1,D_2是R的二个约当微商,使D_1(N)和D_2(N)分别含有R的一个交换子正则元,且对任意a,b∈N,都有D_1(a)D_2(b)=D_2(b)D_1(a),则R是交换环。     

ФИЛИППОВ极限环存在定理在一类方程组=Ф(y)-F(x),=-g(x)上的推广

本文用文[1]类似的方法,将极限环存在定理推广到更一般的系统=φ(y)-F(x)y=-g(x)中去,得到两个定理,其中定理1包含文[1]中的定理,定理2包含文[3]中的定理1。     

可成为交换整区的素近环

设N是2-挠自由分配生成素近环,它具有单位元1和中心Z.该文证明了如果N满足下列条件之一,则N是交换整区(1)N容纳2个非零导子D1,D2,使得D1D2(N) Z;(2)N容纳一个非零导子D,使得[D(N),D2(N)]={0};(3)N容纳一个导子D,使得D(Z)≠{0},且() x,y∈N,有[x-D(x),D(y)]=0.     

素环理想上的广义导子

设R是素环,I是R的非零理想,d是I上非零广义导子,若d([x,y])=0,对任意x,y∈I,那么R是交换的;若d([x,y])=[x,y],对任意x,y∈I,那么d是I上的恒等映射;若d在I上是同态(反同态),则d是I上的恒等映射(R是交换的).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that