生物质棉纤维再生纤维素膜的制备与性能分析

以天然生物质棉纤维为原料,采用氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(Li Cl/DMAC)溶解体系对其进行活化处理,配置不同质量分数的纤维素有机溶液系列,在不同凝固浴条件下,采用KW-4A匀胶机高速旋涂成膜和AFA-Ⅱ自动涂膜器低速平推成膜2种工艺,制备再生纤维素薄膜系列。通过运用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和表面接触角测试仪等分析设备对再生纤维素膜的大分子结构、力学性能、结晶度、热稳定性和表面浸润性进行各项性能的系列化表征,研究纤维素质量分数、凝固浴种类、制膜工艺对膜性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用KW-4A匀胶机高速成膜工艺、凝固浴为水浴、纤维素质量分数为3.5%时,制备的再生纤维素膜的各项性能最佳;与天然生物质棉纤维相比,再生纤维素膜结晶度变化很大,热稳定性与棉纤维变化趋势一致但有一定程度下降,表面浸润性良好。     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

多孔性再生纤维素磁性微球的制备及性质

利用绿色环保的碱-尿素-水溶剂体系制备纤维素溶液,采用反相悬浮法制备纤维素微球,并通过原位复合法工艺对纤维素微球进行纳米磁性功能化负载。结果表明,随着油水比不断增大,微球粒径逐渐减小,制备的再生纤维素微球比表面积超过30 m2/g,孔度超过90%,吸水性强,含水率超过85%。通过FTIR、XRD和SEM研究发现原位复合法可成功地生成Fe3O4纳米粒子,并在纤维素微球中形成有效负载,且制备的纤维复合微球保留了良好的球形结构和多孔性,并具有超顺磁性。     

Fabrication and characterization of anodic oxide films on a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy

Anodic oxide films of the titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al in ammonium tartrate electrolyte without hydrofluoric acid or fluoride were fabricated. The morphology, components, and microstructure of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the films were thick, uniform, and nontransparent. Such films exhibited sedimentary morphology, with a thickness of about 3 μm, and the pore diameters of the deposits ranged from several hundred nanometers to 1.5 μm. The films were mainly titanium dioxide. Some coke-like deposits, which may contain or be changed by OH, NH, C-C, C-O, and C=O groups, were doped in the films. The films were mainly amorphous with a small amount of anatase and rutile phase.     

氧化石墨烯墨水的制备及直写图案化

 采用改进的Hummers法制备宽度分布范围为30~70 μm的大尺寸氧化石墨烯及其墨水,并通过直写打印实验,研究了最佳打印条件和氧化石墨烯墨水直写图案化。结果表明,当氧化石墨烯浓度为15 mg/mL、打印压力为70 kPa、线速度为3 mm/s时,打印线条流畅,形貌精细可控;还原剂为15%氢碘酸、还原时间为3 h时,打印线条的还原程度最高,且电性能最佳,电导率可达4.40×10⁴ S/m,远超过现有打印技术的石墨烯图案电导率;实现了氧化石墨烯墨水在亲水聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）、玻璃、硅片等多种柔性和非柔性基底上的图案化直写打印,且经还原处理的氧化石墨烯图案可作为连接导线实现发光二极管的集成,对于石墨烯基印刷电子器件的发展具有重要意义。     

Pt-induced electrochemical growth of ZnO rods onto reduced graphene oxide for enhanced photodegradation performance

Photodegradation of organic pollutants over semiconductor catalysts is considered to be a viable method for wastewater treatment.Of the different semiconductor photocatalysts,ZnO has been widely used for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.Meanwhile,graphene is being actively investigated as a cocatalyst for such processes.The high carrier transport rate of graphene can favor the transfer of photoexcited electrons,while the increased specific surface area provides adsorption sites for the organic effluent molecules,thereby improving overall photocatalytic activity.Therefore,in this study,Pt–ZnO–reduced graphene oxide(RGO)rods with different RGO contents are synthesize during a novel Pt-induced electrochemical method,where ZnjZnO acts as the anode and PtjH2OjH2acts as the cathode.The photocatalytic degradation activity of the Pt–ZnO–RGO rods is remarkably improved under UV–visible light irradiation,with the optimum loading RGO content of 1 wt%.     

锗/氧化硅纳米多层膜的电致黄光发射研究

通过射频磁控溅射法制备了锗/氧化硅纳米多层薄膜.测量到了来自Au/锗/氧化硅纳米多层膜/p-Si结构的电致黄光发射,并发现该纳米结构具有整流特性.     

Porous spherical cellulose composites coated by aluminum (III) oxide and silicone: Preparation, characterization and adsorption behavior

Porous spherical cellulose composite (PSCA) coated by aluminum (III) oxide was prepared and modified by organosilicone. SEM images of the surface morphology of the bead cellulose shows that it has spherical shape and abundant porous structure on its surface. The mapping images, of aluminum and silicon of the composite (PSCAS) present aluminum (III) oxide and silicone are uniformly dispersed on the surface. The adsorption behavior of PSCAS toward metal ions was determined. Foundation item: Supported by the Scientific Committee of Hubei Province (20001P1903) and Scientific Committee of Wuhan (20006010106) Biography: Meng Ling-zhi(1947-), Associate professor, research direction: polymer ligand catalyst and ligand adsorption.     

Acyl-chloride functionalized graphene oxide chemically grafted with hindered phenol and its application in anti-degradation of polypropylene

In this study,graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were first functionalized by the acyl-chloride reaction and then reacted with hindered phenol (HP) to obtain HP grafted GO (GO-g-HP).The GO-g-HP prepared under the optimized condition exhibited a high efficiency against both thermal and photo oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP).GO-g-HP exhibited a much better anti-aging efficiency than that of HP and GO used individually or that of their physical mixture.The outstanding anti-aging effect of GO-g-HP was attributed to the excellent synergistic effect produced between the chemically bonded GO and HP,which resulted in an improved oxygen barrier property of GO and excellent utilization of the free radical scavenging capability of GO and HP.Also,thanks to the grafting of HP on GO,the physical loss of HP,which was one of the main shortcomings for traditional small molecular antioxidants,was largely suppressed.It is expected that the GO-g-HP prepared can well meet the requirement of long-term applications of polymers in some harsh service conditions.     

BOPP膜表面化学键组装制备多层膜

本文首先通过紫外光照射将半频哪醇自由基偶合到双向拉伸聚丙烯（BOPP）膜表面,然后利用该偶合基团上的羟基与对苯二甲酰氯（TPC）和双酚A（BPA）进行交替反复的逐步缩合反应,制备了以共价键结合的多层组装膜。采用紫外（UV）、红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）跟踪和证实了组装膜的形成,并且膜的组装比较规则。     

静电纺再生纤维素复合纳米纤维的制备及其性能研究

利用静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素(PAN/CA)复合纳米纤维膜,并依次用0.05mol/L、0.1mol/L NaOH溶液对其进行水解处理,制得聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素(PAN/RC)复合纳米纤维膜.研究表明:纺丝液流量为0.5mL/h,所施加的电压为17kV,接收距离为18cm时,制得的PAN/CA复合纳米纤维直径更均匀,成丝形态更稳定.对PAN/CA复合纳米纤维膜及PAN/RC复合纳米纤维膜分别进行电镜扫描、红外光谱分析及静态接触角测定.结果表明:水解后的复合纳米纤维形态保持稳定,PAN/CA复合纳米纤维中的醋酸纤维素的酯基在碱处理后得到有效水解,复合纳米纤维膜的静态接触角由水解前的124.7°降低为10.1°,亲水性能得到大幅提升.     

可食性甲基纤维素复合膜的制备及性能研究

以甲基纤维素(M C)作为基本的成膜物质制备M C膜,在此基础上通过添加其它物质制备出M C复合膜.用抗张强度(TS)、伸长率(E)和水蒸气透过系数(fW)等性能指标评价膜的性能,并确定各种添加物质的最佳添加量,得到性能较好的M C复合膜.     

PVP-assisted laser ablation growth of Ag nanocubes anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO) for efficient photocatalytic CO_2 reduction

Metallic nanoparticles loaded graphene nanocomposites have been widely studied for various scientific and technological applications. In this study, a facile method was reported to realize a straightforward growth of shape and size-controllable of metallic nanoparticles, and the subsequent hybridization with graphene in solution by strategically coupling wet-chemical route and laser ablation. By mixing graphene oxide(GO) with a tunable concentration level of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) in aqueous solution, Ag nanocubes with a face-centered cubic crystal structure were generated by pulsed laser ablation and then mounted on GO nanosheets with the assistance of PVP. The preferential adsorption of PVP to Ag(100) crystal face led to the production of Ag nanocubes with exposed(100) facet. The result showed that the morphological yield of spherical particles decreased with the increase in PVP concentration. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV–visible spectroscopy analyses confirmed that GO was partially reduced. In the reduction of CO_2 gas, the photocatalytic conversion rate could achieve 133.1 μmol g~(-1) h~(-1) in 6 hrs for cubic Ag-loaded reduced GO composites.     

层层自组装构筑｛Hb-ZnO/IP_6｝_6修饰电极及其直接电化学行为

将纳米氧化锌与血红蛋白(Hb)的混合液,通过肌醇六磷酸酯(IP6)层层自组装于玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制备了{Hb-ZnO/IP6}6修饰电极.用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗光谱和场发射扫描电镜对{Hb-ZnO/IP6}6膜进行了表征.实验结果表明:{Hb-ZnO/IP6}6/GCE呈现层状三维多孔结构,实现了血红蛋白和电极表面的直接电子转移.该修饰电极对过氧化氢有很好的电催化活性,线性范围为2.00×10-6～1.12×10-4mol.L-1,最低检测限为1.40×10-6mol.L-1(信噪比S/N=3),米氏常数为5.1 mmol.L-1.     

氧化石墨烯对水溶液中中性红的吸附行为

研究了氧化石墨烯(GO)对水溶液中染料中性红的吸附性能.考察了GO浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,探究了动力学及热力学吸附规律.结果表明,GO对中性红具有显著、快速的去除能力,最大饱和吸附量可达到约900 mg/g,该吸附过程可用准二级吸附速率方程进行描述.不同温度下的热力学参数研究表明GO对中性红的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程式,是一个自发、放热、熵增的过程.     

吹膜法纤维素膜透水气性和取向结构的研究

探讨了以NMMO作溶剂时纤维素溶液的吹膜工艺中几个重要参数对薄膜透水气性的影响.实验发现:薄膜的透水气性与纤维素分子链的取向有着密切关系,且随着气隙长度、拉伸速度、吹胀比的增加而降低,但随着凝固浴温度的升高而增大.     

氧化石墨烯的表面处理及其在生物医学领域的应用

氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide, GO）表面具有丰富的含氧基团。通过共价键结合、疏水作用、氢键作用等吸附药物和其他大分子对GO表面微观结构的修饰可提升其实用性。尤其是对生物相容性的增强使得功能化的GO可以在临床医学领域得到广泛应用。介绍了GO表面处理的原理,总结了近几年国内外研究人员在GO表面修饰方面的研究进展,归纳了修饰后具有优异性能的功能化氧化石墨烯（functionalized graphene oxide, FGO）在生物医学领域中的广泛应用,包括疫苗载体、癌症治疗、药物输送和基因治疗等方面。最后指出,通过加强对GO的进一步研究,可使其在未来的生物医学领域发挥关键作用。     

Organic dye removal and recycling performances of graphene oxide-coated biopolymer sponge

In this study, a biopolymer sponge (PS) with a crosslinked mixture of gelatin-chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) was dipped into graphene oxide (GO) solution to form a composite sponge (CS, GO-coated PS) by a combination of simple dip-coating and freeze-drying procedures, as a sponge-like adsorbent in organic dye removal applications. The morphological, chemical, crystalline, mechanical and thermal characterizations of the as-obtained sponges were further investigated for the possible changes in the structure of sponge-like adsorbent after coating the GO sheets on the 3D porous structure of PS. The results showed that the CS had possessed effectively organic dye removal performances comparing to the PS. In the adsorption, the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models corresponding to a monolayer approach and a chemical adsorption were appropriated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B and Congo red reached 126.8 and 135.0 ?mg?g^?1; and 145.6 and 148.6 ?mg?g^?1 corresponding onto the PS and CS. It indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity on the CS enhanced significantly comparing to those on the PS owing to the functional GO sheets coated in the 3D porous structure of PS, which leads to supplying further functional adsorption sides on the whole 3D porous structure of CS. Notably, the sponges-like adsorbents could be regenerated and used again without a remarkable decrease of dye removal ability occurred in 9 adsorbing–desorbing cycles. Therefore, the CS prepared in this study can become a potential adsorbent for actual applications because of non-toxic materials, proper structural features, low-cost material and operation, and reliable recyclability.     

石墨烯量子点用于修复石墨烯结构缺陷及其薄膜导热性能研究

为解决GO制备过程中,不可避免引入的石墨烯拓扑结构缺陷对热传递性能的显著影响,研究采用石墨烯量子点(GQDs)作为外部碳源,通过在高温条件下修复石墨烯中的拓扑结构缺陷,制备出了自支撑的石墨化–氧化石墨烯/石墨烯量子点(g-GO/GQDs)散热薄膜。与原始的gGO膜相比,g-GO/GQDs薄膜的面内热导率提高了22.1%,达到739.04 W/(m·K)。通过进一步的薄膜结构分析,发现其热导率的提高可归因于石墨化过程中sp2碳晶格域的恢复和形成。石墨烯导热薄膜的散热性能研究表明,该研究结果可有效提高石墨烯薄膜的散热效果,为制备高性能散热薄膜提供了新思路。