On the nature of protein benzoquinone complexes

Summary Proteins form monosubstituted 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives with an excess of reagent via uniformly coloured charge transfer complexes. Some properties of these compounds are reported.Dedicated to Prof. J. Kühnau in commemoration of his 75th birthday.     

The nature of amino-acid chloranil complexes

Zusammenfassung Die IR-Spektren der Komplexe von Aminosäure mit Chloranil zeigen, dass zwischen Aminosäure in einer nicht zwitterionischen Form und Chloranil klassische Elektronen-Donator-Akzeptor-Komplexe gebildet werden. Die aromatischen Aminosäuren wirken alsn-Elektronendonatoren.     

On the nature of biological clocks?

Zusammenfassung Feststellung, dass schlafende Goldhamster einen höheren ATP-Gehalt in Gehirn und Leber besitzen als wache Tiere und dass Zeitgeber, wie Licht und Temperatur, sowohl Zellviskosität als auch ATP-Niveau verändern.     

On the chemical nature of the heat-stable exotoxin ofBacillus thuringiensis

Zusammenfassung Das hitzestabile Exotoxin vonBacillusthuringiensis — auf Insekten spezifisch toxisch wirkend — wurde aus dem Kulturmedium angereichert und stark gereinigt. Sämtliche toxischen Fraktionen zeigen ein Absorptionsmaximum bei 258–260 nm, ein Absorptionsminimum bei 232–234 nm und eine positive Aldopentosereaktion. Bei der toxischen Substanz scheint es sich um ein Nucleosid oder Nucleotid des Adenins oder Uracils zu handeln.     

On the nature of calcium phosphates in urinary calculi

Résumé Parmi les phosphates de calcium, la carbonatapatite est le plus fréquent constituant de quelque 120 calculs urinaires provenant de la Macédoine (Yougoslavie). Le phosphate octacalcique pourrait en Être aussi, mais on n'y a pas constaté la présence d'hydroxyapatite, de whitlockite et de brushite.     

On the nature of some smooth muscle active substances from the platelets

Zusammenfassung In einer früheren Arbeit wurde das Thrombozytolysin beschrieben, eine Substanz, die aus Pferde-Thrombozyten nach Einwirkung des homologen Thrombozytenantikörpers freigesetzt wird. Die in dieser Arbeit berichteten experimentellen Resultate berechtigen zur Schlussfolgerung, dass das Thrombozytolysin mit Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin) nicht identisch ist.     

Fluorescence of the soluble ‘sweet-sensitive’ protein complexes with sugars

Zusammenfassung Komplexe, welche das süssigkeitsempfindliche Protein mit Glukose und Rohrzucker bilden, wurden mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenz-Spektroskopie untersucht.     

On the chemical nature of acerin and the virucidal and antiviral effects of some vegetable tannins

Zusammenfassung Die viruzide Wirkung von Extrakten aus Ahornsamen auf Coli-Bakteriophagen ist durch Tannine bedingt. Verschiedene Gerbstoffe zeigen einen zum Teil sehr starken virushemmenden Effekt, wobei nur das extrazelluläre Virus angegriffen wird. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um eine Gerbwirkung auf das Protein des Virus.Die pflanzlichen Gerbstoffe tragen vermutlich dazu bei, die Pflanzensäfte virusfrei zu halten.

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While this paper in print, our attention was called to a recent publication in J. Bact. (66, 572 1953) byCarson andFrisch about the growth inhibiting action of tannic acid on influenza virusin ovo. We were ignorant of this work and of the previous publication from 1948 byGreen, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med.67, 483 (1948).     

Nature/nurture and the nature of nurture in the etiology of hypertension.

Four reviews on the the role of developmental factors in hypertension are introduced and set in historical context. Recent research in the laboratory rat has shown that the preweaning environment makes an important contribution to the level of blood-pressure reached in adult life in genetic models of hypertension. Both of the most commonly used models of hypertension, the SHR and SS/Jr rat strains, exhibit lower BP in adult life, if they are fostered shortly after birth to mothers from their normotensive control strains. It has been suggested that it is the idiosyncratic maternal behavior of the hypertensive mothers which contributes to the elevated BP of their offspring, and it has been amply demonstrated that there is an association between a constellation of behaviors emitted by rat mothers and the adult BP of their offspring in a wide variety of genetic groups (inbred hypertensive animals, F1's and F2's). In addition to the above, maternal environment has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the pathophysiological response of hypertensive animals to a high salt diet. Being raised by an SHR mother, versus an SS/Jr mother, increases the magnitude of BP increases to a high salt diet, susceptibility to hemorrhagic stroke, body weight loss and the risk of mortality. A variety of physiological systems are undergoing rapid change during the preweaning period and may mediate the effects of differences in the maternal environment. These include the renin-angiotensin system and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Nutritional factors may be involved in all of the phenomena referred to above. Thus, any physiological mechanisms that are proposed to link maternal behavior to its effects on the physiology of adult animals should recognize the involvement of nutritional factors. Research on the role of developmental factors such as maternal behavior in genetic models of hypertension is at the interface of two growing disciplines: behavior genetics and developmental psychobiology. The methodological and conceptual contributions of these fields to advancing our understanding of these phenomena is emphasized.     

On protein synthesis during the development of lithium-treated embryos

Riassunto L'actinomicina D, la puromicina e il LiCl producono, agendo nei primi stadi dello sviluppo dell'embrione di polio, malformazioni caratteristiche differenti nei 3 casi. I diagrammi di sedimentazione di preparati di ribosomi dimostrano l'azione dell'actinomicina D e della daunomicina sulla sintesi del RNA e della puromicina sulla sintesi proteica. Il LiCl agisce invece inibendo entrambi i processi con un meccanismo che sembra correlato all'alone di idratazione che i suoi ioni determinano intorno ai ribosomi.