ME20M变形镁合金的TIG焊工艺研究

探讨了ME20M变形镁合金TIG焊工艺参数的选择,采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机以及扫描电子显微镜等表征方法对焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能以及断口形貌等进行了分析.结果发现,焊接电流为80 A时,焊接接头成形较好,焊缝区组织呈细小的等轴晶,热影响区组织较粗大;焊缝区的硬度由于晶粒细化的原因而有所提高,在热影响区则有所下降;拉伸试验表明焊接接头的力学性能低于母材的力学性能,接头抗拉强度约为母材抗拉强度的75%左右.拉伸断口扫描形貌分析表明,断口呈韧-脆混合断裂.     

5052/6005A异种铝合金激光填丝焊接头组织与力学性能研究

对铝合金6005A与5052进行异种铝合金激光填丝焊,研究了焊接接头的微观组织及力学性能,并对接头断口微观特征进行了分析。结果表明,焊缝中心为等轴晶与树枝晶,铝合金6005A侧熔合线附近存在清晰柱状晶,铝合金5052侧熔合线较为模糊。拉伸时在铝合金6005A侧热影响区断裂。焊接件焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为197.9 MPa,达到铝合金6005A母材抗拉强度的83%。断裂特征为韧性断裂,接头弯曲性能良好。     

镁合金氩弧焊接头深冷处理及其力学性能

用交流钨极氩弧焊(TIG)对7mm厚AZ31镁合金板材进行了焊接试验;对焊接接头进行了深冷处理试验,深冷处理温度为-160℃,保温时间分别为4、8和12h;对深冷处理前后的AZ31镁合金焊接接头进行了拉伸试验,测试了AZ31镁合金TIG焊接接头的强度;用扫描电镜SEM观测了拉伸试件断口形貌;测试了AZ31镁合金TIG焊接接头的硬度分布。试验结果表明,在深冷处理温度为-160℃、保温时间为8h的情况下,深冷处理后镁合金焊接接头的各项力学性能均达到了最佳状态。     

ZK60镁合金的CO2激光焊接工艺研究

采用CO2激光焊接ZK60高强镁合金薄板,并使用金相显微镜、万能拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜等分析测试手段,研究CO2激光焊接接头各区域的显微组织、接头的力学性能、断口形貌特征等,分析主要焊接参数(包括激光功率、焊接速度)对焊接质量的影响,探讨高强镁合金的激光焊接工艺特点.研究结果表明:在本实验条件下,采用CO2激光焊接工艺能够实现镁合金ZK60的连接;通过适当地选择工艺参数可以获得比较理想的焊缝,接头抗拉强度可达母材强度的80.4%.     

镁合金AM60的钨极氩弧焊

探讨了钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺对镁合金AM60接头性能的影响,分析讨论焊缝成形特点、接头组织特征及力学性能.X射线无损探伤分析表明,AM60镁合金TIG焊的焊缝在焊接电流为130A～160A时成形良好,无焊接缺陷;光学金相、SEN分析表明,AM60镁合金TIG焊接头各区域组织都由白色α-Mg相、黑色β相(Mg17 Al12)和灰色(α+Mg17Al12)共晶体组成,AM60断口形貌有明显的韧窝,属于韧断;AM60镁合金TIG焊接头力学性能在150A～160A时综合性能最好,采用不同材料作为填充金属时,与母材成分接近的接头力学性能较好.     

7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接区的组织与力学性能

以厚度为10mm的7022铝合金为对象进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,研究了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,在搅拌头转速为400r/min、焊接速度为100mm/min时,7022铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达615MPa和533 MPa,均超过了母材;焊接接头的显微硬度略低于母材;断口形貌分析表明,7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接件拉伸断裂为韧性断裂.     

钙和碳变质对AZ91D显微组织与性能的影响

镁合金的晶粒细化对于材质的金相组织和力学性能起着决定性作用.本课题通过在AZ91D中加入Ca和C2Cl6晶粒细化剂,分别研究了Ca,C对AZ91D组织以及力学性能的影响.利用熔剂保护法,制备了AZ91D标准拉伸试样,经过T4,T6处理后,采用金相显微镜(Olympus)、扫面电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDAX)对制备的试样进行了显微组织、断口形貌及成分进行了观察与分析,并测试了抗拉强度和布氏硬度.试验结果表明:经过显微组织和断口形貌观察,加入细化剂后形成Al4C3,有效的抑制了晶粒的长大,使晶粒得到细化,当Ca和C2Cl6复合应用时,使得AZ91D的晶粒细化更加明显,力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度最高达到216N/mm2,布氏硬度值达到60HB.     

高挤压比下挤压工艺对AZ31B镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了高挤压比条件下挤压温度、速度对AZ31B镁合金微观组织、力学性能的影响。采用光学显微镜观察了显微组织,拉伸试验测试了力学性能,并配合扫描电镜观察了拉伸试样的断口形貌。结果表明,高挤压比条件下,动态再结晶较为充分,少量晶粒长大,混晶组织消失。低温、高速挤压有助于晶粒细化,并使晶粒尺寸分布均匀,因而可获得高的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及良好的塑性。350 ℃,2 m/min条件下挤压,试样抗拉强度与延伸率最高,为336.5 MPa与 23%。低温、高速下的挤压试样的拉伸断口韧窝较深且细密,呈现明显的韧性断裂特征,而高温、低速的断口为混合断裂。     

AZ31镁合金板材自动氩弧焊接工艺研究

利用六轴焊接机器人夹持氩弧焊枪进行AZ31镁合金自动氩弧焊接工艺研究,焊后利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机等对焊接接头进行微观组织表征及力学性能测试。结果表明,在焊接电流160 A、焊接速度0.45 m/min、填丝速度0.6 m/min、钨极针与板材距离0.5 mm（前半段）和2.0 mm（后半段）以及保护气体流量16 L/min（正面）和21 L/min（背面）的条件下,能得到外观形貌良好、质量可靠的AZ31镁合金焊接接头。焊接接头的金相组织显示,焊缝区微观组织可清晰地分为母材区,热影响区和熔化区。焊接过程在热影响区和熔化区出现了大量的沉淀相,X射线衍射结果表明,该沉淀相为β Mg17Al12沉淀相。拉伸结果显示,焊接接头的抗拉强度达到了母材的81.02%,在断口观察到了大量的解离面和韧窝的存在,呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂相结合的混合断裂特征。     

淬火转移时间对AA357铝合金力学性能与微观组织的影响

采用OM、DSC、SEM与TEM,结合力学性能测试研究淬火转移时间对A357铝合金力学性能与微观组织的影响。结果表明:随着淬火转移时间由3 s延长至49 s,A357铝合金经T6热处理后的抗拉强度、屈服强度与延伸率分别由351 MPa、275MPa与12.4%降低至320 MPa、254 MPa与6.5%,合金材料的抗拉强度连续下降,屈服强度变化较小,延伸率呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势。初生与共晶Si相逐渐由细长的针状或片层状转变为椭圆球状或棒状,平均长度为10~25μm,平均宽度为5~10μm,当淬火转移时间超过35 s后,初生与共晶Si相则仍以细长的针状或片层状形貌为主。拉伸断口形貌以韧窝断裂为主,附带部分沿晶断裂,随着淬火转移时间的增加,断口表面韧窝数量随之减少,沿晶断裂裂纹数量不断增加;Mg与Si元素集中分布于晶粒边界处的二元与三元共晶组织中,Al元素广泛分布于晶粒内部及晶粒边界处;人工时效过程析出的Mg2Si强化相长度约为0.2~1μm,宽度为0.02~0.08μm,且随着淬火转移时间的延长,Mg2Si强化相的析出数大量减少,长径比不断下降,合金材料的强度与塑性随之降低。     

铝基复合材料的活性液相扩散焊新工艺

为优化中间层合金系的设计,对液相扩散焊过程中陶瓷颗粒/金属(P/M)界面的弱化、强化及断裂模式进行了研究,发现在采用纯Cu箔的Al_2O_3p/Al复合材料液相扩散焊件的剪切断口上,Al_2O_3颗粒未破裂,断口上所有Al_2O_3颗粒及部分金属表面光滑,无粘结物生成,表明P/M界面结合弱而呈"界面脱粘"断裂方式.为此,提出了一种旨在改善P/M弱界面润湿性的新工艺--活性液相扩散焊,要求所用中间层内必须同时含有降熔元素及可与陶瓷增强相反应的活性元素(Ti).当Ti含量较低时,Al_2O_3颗粒增强相表面上出现细微、凹凸不平且不连续的界面粘结物(反应物);当Ti含量较高时,P/M界面可形成强力结合,剪切测试中足以使一些陶瓷颗粒本身破裂.     

钢/铝回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头界面形貌和组织研究

采用回填式搅拌摩擦点焊实现了钢和铝合金板的连接。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子探针X射线显微分析仪等设备观察了钢/铝点焊接头的界面形貌，并分析了钢/铝点焊接头的力学性能与界面形貌的关联机制。结果显示，钢/铝点焊接头的断裂类型为钮扣断裂，力学性能较好。钢/铝点焊接头结合良好，未见明显的焊接缺陷。在钢/铝点焊接头界面处可以观察到钩状结构和漩涡结构，这些结构提供机械互锁效果，有利于母材的结合。钢/铝点焊接头界面处形成了主要元素为Al、Fe和Si的金属间化合物层。有效的冶金结合和机械结合是钢/铝点焊接头性能良好的主要原因。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu/Mg laminated composite sheets produced by the ARB proces

In the present study, an Al/Cu/Mg multi-layered composite was produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) through seven passes, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were evaluated. The microstructure investigations show that plastic instability occurred in both the copper and magnesium reinforcements in the primary sandwich. In addition, a composite with a perfectly uniform distribution of copper and magnesium reinforcing layers was produced during the last pass. By increasing the number of ARB cycles, the microhardness of the layers including aluminum, copper, and magnesium was significantly increased. The ultimate tensile strength of the sandwich was enhanced continually and reached a maximum value of 355.5 MPa. This strength value was about 3.2, 2, and 2.1 times higher than the initial strength values for the aluminum, copper, and magnesium sheets, respectively. Investigation of tensile fracture surfaces during the ARB process indicated that the fracture mechanism changed to shear ductile at the seventh pass.     

Effect of preheat on TIG welding of AZ61 magnesium alloy

The effects of preheat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas (TIG)-welded AZ61 magnesium alloy joints were studied by microstructural observations, microhardness tests and tensile tests. The results showed that the volume fraction of the lamellar β-Mg₁₇(Al,Zn)₁₂ intermetallic compound of in fusion zone (FZ) increased from 15% to 66% with an increase in preheat temperature. Moreover, the microhardness of the FZ and the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints reached their maximum values when the preheat temperature was 300℃ because more lamellar β-Mg₁₇(Al,Zn)₁₂ intermetallic compounds were distributed at the α-Mg grain boundaries and no cracks and pores formed in the FZ of the welded joint.     

Ti6Al4V和Al2A12的扩散连接界面组织及力学性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺连接Al2A12和Ti6Al4V两种不同的航空航天用材料.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察连接过渡区的微观组织和组成的演化,并测试其主要的力学性能.结果表明:采用热等静压制备这两种材料的界面连接好;Ti/Al反应层界面处形成了不同的金属间化合物,例如,Al3Ti、TiAl2和TiAl;连接接头处硬度为163HV,界面连接处剪切强度达到了23MPa,比只添加镀层而无中间层的连接强度提高了约17.9%,但低于带有中间层的连接强度.由于过烧和孔隙的形成使得断裂方式是脆性断裂.由此可知,在热等静压成形过程中异种材料的元素发生了相互扩散,在扩散连接处形成了不同的金属间化合物,这些金属间化合物影响连接处的力学性能.     

2024-T42铝合金点焊接头性能研究

为改善高强铝合金接头连接性能,提高焊接质量,研究了2024-T42铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊(RFSSW)、电阻点焊和铆接3种不同接头的连接性能,采用显微组织观察试验、拉伸试验、拉剪试验和显微硬度试验等方法,对接头组织和性能进行表征与分析.结果 表明:RFSSW接头的力学性能最优,拉剪性能达到7.23 kN,较铆接和电阻...     

Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

The effect of Gd/Al ratio on the properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys was investigated by changing the chemical composition from that of AZ61 to GZ61. At the ratio of 1, the Al2Gd phase becomes predominant and Mg17Al12 is hardly seen in the microstructure. As a potent inoculant, the Al2Gd phase resulted in intense grain refinement and enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness. For instance, the tensile strength and elongation to failure of Mg-3Gd-3Al-1Zn alloy were enhanced by ~4% and 180% compared with those of AZ61 alloy, respectively. However, at high Gd/Al ratios, the Al2Gd phase was replaced by (Mg,Al)3Gd and Mg5Gd phases and very large grain sizes were achieved, which led to poor tensile properties and the appearance of cleavage facets on the fracture surfaces. Therefore, it can be deduced that the presence of Gd and Al, in appropriate amounts to reach Gd/Al ratio of ~ 1, is required for the achievement of grain refinement, good ductility, high strength, and the appearance of ductile fracture surfaces in the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn system. Conclusively, the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys can be considered as a new class of structural magnesium alloy and it is superior to both AZ (Mg-Al-Zn) and GZ (Mg-Gd-Zn) series of alloys.     

Metallographic structure,mechanical properties,and process parameter optimization of 5A06 joints formed by ultrasonic-assisted refill friction stir spot welding

Novel hybrid refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) assisted with ultrasonic oscillation was introduced to 5A06 aluminum alloy joints. The metallographic structure and mechanical properties of 5A06 aluminum alloy RFSSW joints formed without ultrasonic assistance and with lateral and longitudinal ultrasonic assistance were compared, and the ultrasonic-assisted RFSSW process parameters were optimized. The results show that compared with lateral ultrasonic oscillation, longitudinal ultrasonic oscillation strengthens the horizontal bonding ligament in the joint and has a stronger effect on the joint's shear strength. By contrast, lateral ultrasonic oscillation strengthens the vertical bonding ligament and is more effective in increasing the joint's tensile strength. The maximum shear strength of ultrasonic-assisted RFSSW 5A06 aluminum alloy joints is as high as 8761 N, and the maximum tensile strength is 3679 N when the joints are formed at a tool rotating speed of 2000 r/min, a welding time of 3.5 s, a penetration depth of 0.2 mm, and an axial pressure of 11 kN.     

Influence of CO2 laser welding parameters on the microstructure, metallurgy, and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloys

This study investigated the microstructural characteristics, metallurgy, microhardness, and tensile strength of AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy weldments, fabricated in a CO₂ laser welding process with the adjustment of various parameters. The results show that the AZ31 weldment contains equiaxed grains within the fusion zone (FZ). By contrast, the FZ of the AZ61 weldment contains refined cellular grains and the partially melted zone (PMZ) contains bulk grains. We infer that the difference in aluminum content between the two magnesium alloys results in different supercooling rates and solid grain structures. For both weldments, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) decreases following the CO₂ laser welding process. However, no significant difference is noted between the UTS of the two weldments, suggesting that tensile strength is insensitive to the Al content of the magnesium alloy. The CO₂ laser welding process is shown to increase the microhardness of both magnesium alloys. Furthermore, grain refinement is responsible for the maximum hardness in the FZ of both weldments. The AZ61 weldment has a higher content of Al, resulting in a greater grain refinement.