单晶镍基高温合金DD98微铣削表面质量试验

为研究单晶高温合金的微铣削表面质量,使用M.A.FORD双刃端铣刀,刀刃直径为0.8 mm,试验材料为单晶高温合金DD98,完成正交试验研究.通过极差分析找出主轴转速、进给速度、铣削深度对微铣削表面质量影响的主次因素,即主轴转速的影响最大,铣削深度其次,进给速度最小;采用统计学知识,获得切削工艺参数的优化组合,使表面粗糙度最小,即主轴转速为n=3.6 kr/min,铣削深度为ap=5μm,进给速度为v=100μm/s,对此优化方案重复试验,表面粗糙度值为951 nm.并对其切削机理和影响表面质量及形貌的原因进行深入的分析,对单晶高温合金的微加工理论的机理揭示具有一定的指导意义.     

镍基高温合金磨削表面工艺性能试验研究

为了探究镍基高温合金的磨削表面工艺性能,采用单因素试验的方法,分别进行镍基高温合金单晶DD5和多晶GH4169的平面槽磨削试验,得到砂轮线速度、磨削深度和进给速度对其表面质量的影响规律,并对磨削亚表面微观组织和磨屑形貌进行观察.结果表明:随着砂轮线速度的增大,表面粗糙度R_○a不断减小;随着磨削深度和进给速度的增大,表面粗糙度R_○a不断增大.在相同工艺参数下,多晶GH4169更容易加工,可磨削性能更好.随着砂轮线速度的增大,磨削亚表面出现塑性变形层且塑性变形作用减弱.磨屑主要有锯齿状和崩碎状等,其中锯齿状磨屑居多.     

镍基单晶高温合金表面再结晶控制技术的研究进展

针对镍基单晶高温合金构件的表面再结晶控制技术,结合国内外相关工作的研究状况,从单晶高温合金构件表面再结晶的形成机理、再结晶的表面效应、基于再结晶预防的构件设计、单晶构件热成型过程和冷加工过程再结晶控制技术等几方面,对镍基单晶高温合金构件的表面再结晶控制技术领域取得的研究成果进行总结和分析。重点论述了各国单晶再结晶控制技术,提出中国镍基单晶高温合金构件的表面再结晶控制技术存在的差距及未来研究重点。     

高速铣削镍基高温合金GH3039切屑变形研究

为探讨高速切削中切屑的微观形态和变形机理,以镍基高温合金GH3039为基体,采用单因素铣削实验的方法,对锯齿形切屑变形机理及切屑进行了相关研究。分析了高速铣削状态下锯齿形切屑的演变过程,切削参数的改变对锯齿形切屑的影响,使用Digimizer测量软件对不同切屑参数下的切屑进行测量分析。结果表明：在高速铣削加工状态下,切屑形态为锯齿形切屑,并随着铣削速度的提高,锯齿形切屑频率增高,铣削深度和每齿进给量对切屑形态无太大影响;剪切角随铣削速度的增高而增大,锯齿化程度越来越高;铣削速度的变化对切屑有决定性的影响,是形成锯齿形切屑的重要因素。     

一种铸造镍基高温合金的高温蠕变断裂行为

研究了M963合金在975℃／225MPa条件下蠕变断裂行为。结果表明：M963合金的蠕变曲线表现出明显的蠕变三个阶段；蠕变过程中，γ’相粒子逐渐筏形化，由初始阶段的分布在γ基体中的立方状孤立相转变为蠕变后期的包围γ相的连续相；在枝晶干上有颗粒状M6C碳化物析出；蠕变变形机制从开始阶段的Orowan绕过γ’相粒子转变为蠕变后期的位错切过γ’相粒子。     

涂层刀具铣削粉末冶金镍基高温合金试验研究

采用涂层硬质合金刀具进行了粉末冶金镍基高温合金的铣削刀具磨损试验,并运用扫描电镜和能谱分析技术分析了刀具的磨、破损形态和磨损机理.采用多因素正交试验对粉末冶金镍基高温合金的铣削力、刀具寿命进行研究,使用最小二乘法等方法和回归分析建立了铣削力、刀具寿命的经验模型.利用等寿命-效率响应曲面法,对干铣粉末冶金镍基高温合金的切削参数进行了优化.结果表明:粘结磨损和磨粒磨损是主要的磨损机理;在不同的切削速度下刀具失效形式不同;建立的铣削力及刀具寿命经验模型高度显著,进给量对铣削力和刀具寿命的影响显著;干铣加工粉末冶金镍基高温合金理想的切削用量为切削速度40~60m/min、轴向切削深度0.15~0.20mm、径向切削深度10~20mm、每齿进给量0.08~0.10mm.     

单晶镍基高温合金微铣削力试验

以单晶镍基高温合金DD98为研究对象,从单晶高温合金微观组织分析材料去除机理,得出DD98滑移面为密排面{111},滑移向为密排方向110,克服阻力最小,最易滑移.采用双刃微铣刀对单晶镍基高温合金DD98进行正交试验,通过极差分析比较获得切削参数对微铣削力的影响程度.结果表明,主轴转速的影响最大,进给速度其次,铣削深度最小.通过优化获得理想的切削参数为:主轴转速36 000 r/min,铣削深度5μm,进给速度20μm/s,此时微铣削力最小.并对其原因进行深入分析,为单晶高温合金的微加工理论的机理揭示提供理论参考和试验依据.     

陶瓷刀具高速铣削镍基高温合金铣削力实验研究

针对高温合金材料GH3039的铣削加工性差的特点,设计了陶瓷刀具铣削加工单因素及正交实验,以研究背吃刀量、铣削速度、每齿进给量等铣削用量对高温合金数控铣削过程产生铣削力的影响。通过铣削实验分析,得到背吃刀量与铣削力的变化曲线;利用线性回归方法建立了铣削力经验公式,并通过极差分析得出最优铣削参数。该参数可以为高温合金材料GH3039加工过程中的背吃刀量的选择提供参考。     

镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制研究进展

叶片在服役过程中主要承受〈001〉轴向的离心载荷,由离心应力导致的蠕变损伤是叶片的主要失效机制之一。基于单晶叶片的典型服役条件,总结了国内外关于高温低应力和中温高应力蠕变变形损伤机制的研究现状,指出深入开展含典型缺陷单晶高温合金蠕变行为、氧化和热腐蚀对单晶合金蠕变-疲劳变形损伤机制影响研究十分必要。     

镍基单晶高温合金的微孔加工对比实验研究

开展镍基单晶高温合金微孔加工实验研究,探讨不同直径、不同截面形状的电极对微孔的尺寸精度、表面质量、加工效率和亚表面损伤等方面的影响.研究结果表明,微细螺旋电极的加工效率远大于圆柱电极,其中直径200μm的微细螺旋电极的微孔加工效率比相同直径下的圆柱电极提高17%,而直径300μm的微细螺旋电极的加工效率可提高30.56%;微细螺旋电极加工的微孔扩孔量小于圆柱电极的扩孔量,且微细螺旋电极加工得到的孔壁质量优于圆柱电极的;微细螺旋电极所加工的微孔的亚表面损伤层连续且厚度小于圆柱电极所加工的微孔.     

NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与镍基高温合金基体的界面高温互扩散行为

采用真空等离子体喷涂技术(vacuum plasma spraying, VPS)在镍基高温合金GH3128基体表面沉积NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层,并在1 100 ℃进行不同时间的热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）、能谱仪（energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS）等分析NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与GH3128高温合金界面元素的互扩散行为。结果表明,在热处理过程中,互扩散区(interdiffusion zone,IDZ)和二次反应区(secondary reaction zone,SRZ)的厚度随着热处理时间延长而增大,且在SRZ中明显观察到拓扑密堆(topological close-packed,TCP)相晶粒的生长。Al、Ta、Co元素由NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层向GH3128高温合金扩散,Ni、W、Mo元素由GH3128高温合金向NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层扩散。依据EDS检测的粘结层/基体界面处元素成分,计算出上述元素在界面处的扩散系数,掌握了各元素在高温热处理过程中的扩散速率,揭示了VPS制备的NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与GH3128高温合金界面处元素在高温下的互扩散规律。     

高温合金GH3039铣削力实验研究

由于高温合金材料GH3039的切削加工性差,选取背吃刀量、铣削速度、每齿进给量等参数,研究其对高温合金数控铣削力的影响。利用线性回归方法建立了铣削力经验公式,并通过铣削实验得到了切削参数与铣削力的变化曲线。实证表明切削参数的选择在GH3039加工过程中的重要性。     

Effects of temperature and rare earth content on oxidation resistance of Ni-based superalloy

The oxidation behaviors of the Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo superalloys with various La contents were investigated at 1 000℃and 1 100℃up to 500 h.The experimental results show that the oxidation resistance is improved by La addition.The mechanism of the reactive-element effect(REE) exhibits some difference at various oxidation temperatures.The REE is dependent on the solutionized La content when the alloy is oxidized at 1 000℃.The dispersed LaCrO_3 segregates on the grain boundaries of Cr-oxides.and hence the diffusi...     

High temperature oxidation behavior of aluminide on a Ni-based single crystal superalloy in different surface orientations

An investigation on oxidation behavior of coated Ni-based single crystal superalloy in different surface orientations has been carried out at1100 ℃. It has been found that the {100} surface shows a better oxidation resistance than the {110} one, which is attributed that the {110}surface had a slightly higher oxidation rate when compared to the {100} surface. The experimental results also indicated that the anisotropic oxidation behavior took place even with a very small difference in the oxidation rates that was found between the two surfaces. The differences of the topologically close packed phase amount and its penetration depth between the two surfaces, including the ratio of α-Al2O3 after 500 h oxidation, were responsible for the oxidation anisotropy.     

叶轮曲面5轴高速铣加工刀轨生成算法

为适应高速切削,提出了一种新的侧刃铣削5轴加工刀轨生成算法和全局刀轨碰撞检查算法.算法的前者采用5次NURBS直纹面拟合原加工刀轨面,生成了全程C2连续的刀位曲线和空间平滑变化的刀轴矢量;后者通过设置刀轴矢量变化的阈值并采用集合碰撞体,实现了刀位的跳点检查和集合运算检查.应用于Superman CAMⅡ原型系统中,经测试,刀轨生成算法的运行速度已接近于UG,用于精加工叶轮,叶片的表面质量可达到Ra 0.8μm;刀具碰撞检查算法不仅可实现集合体之间碰撞的快速检查,而且可精确地检查出碰撞干涉量.     

Pore defects in a nickel-based superalloy with high Ti content

Pores are uncommon defects in superalloy bars, which deserve to be investigated. In this work, a type of pore defect within GH4710 nickel-based superalloy was investigated by 3D X-ray imaging method combined with metallographic analysis. 3D X-ray imaging was used for locating and visualizing the defects in the alloy. The 3D X-ray imaging result of the defects showed a good agreement with the defect anatomical morphologies. It was observed that the pore defect was accompanied by MC carbides, micro-crack, and non-metallic inclusions. The origin of pore defect was attributed to the shrinkage pores, inclusion and the complex precipitates. The analysis showed that the pore defects in GH4710 alloy was associated with strong micro-segregation and complex phase precipitation during solidification, induced by the high weight content of Ti and C in the alloy.     

Study on high efficient electric discharge milling of silicon carbide ceramic with high resistivity

A new method which employs a group pulse power supply for electric discharge milling of the silicon carbide ceramic with the resistivity of 500 Ω·cm is presented. Due to the good machining stability and high pulse utilization, the material removal rate （MRR） can reach 72.9 mm^3/min. The effects of high-frequency pulse duration, high-frequency pulse interval, peak voltage, peak current, polarity, rotate speed and group frequency on the process performance have been investigated. Also the EDMed surface microstructure is examined with a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, an X-ray diffraction （XRD）, an energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and a micro hardness tester. The results show that the conditions of smaller high-frequency pulse duration and pulse interval, higher peak voltage and peak current, and positive tool polarity are suitable for machining the SiC ceramic. The optimal rotate speed is 1090 r/min and the preferable group frequency is 730 Hz. In addition, there is a small quantity of iron on machined surface when machining with steel electrode. The average grain size of the EDMed surface is smaller than that of the unprocessed, and the micro hardness of machined surface is superior to that of the unprocessed.     

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ СИЛ РЕЗАНИЯ ПРИ ВЫСОКОСКОРОСТНОМ ФРЕЗЕРОВАНИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ РАЗРЫВНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ

В настоящей статье рассматривается влияние оборотной подачи на толщину среза,а также способа обработки на направление математического ожидания силы резания,установлено целесообразное направление резания и способов ориентации динамометрических датчиков.Статья содержит основные выводы зависимостей толщины срезаемого слоя при высокоскоростном фрезеровании с использованием разрывных функций.Излагаются рекомендации по расположению динамометрических датчиков для встречного и попутного фрезерования.