Energy Recycling in Municipal Refuse and Its Pollution Control in Combustion

Recycling the energy in municipal refuse and controlling the secondary pollution are common concerns. After analyzing the status and disposal of the municipal refuse in China, this paper proposes a technique of refuse incineration, using a fluid-bed incinerator, which converts refuse into energy. The technique of controlling secondary pollution in combustion is also discussed. In this paper, the technique of incineration using a fluid-bed incinerator is introduced. During the combustion process, the refuse is mixed with coal and remover and a noxious gas removal system is installed, which helps to decrease the generation and emission of noxious material, such as dioxins. The result shows that the secondary pollution in refuse incineration is efficiently controlled.     

Automatic Configuration in NTP

NTP is nowadays the most widely used distributed network time protocol, which aims at synchronizing the clocks of computers in a network and keeping the accuracy and validation of the time information which is transmitted in the network. Without automatic configuration mechanism, the stability and flexibility of the synchronization network built upon NTP protocol are not satisfying. P2P‘s resource discovery mechanism is used to look for time sources in a synchronization network, and according to the network environment and node‘s quality, the synchronization network is constructed dynamically.     

Marketing Strategies in the Clothing Industry

Chinese clothing industry has stepped into a new era when the fierce competition,the internationalization and the pluralism coexist.If the clothing enterprises want to catch the market opportunities,and stand out in the clothing industry,they should change their traditional marketing concepts and build a customers-oriented marketing strategy.     

Effect of changes in flow runoff on the elevation of Tongguan in Sanmenxia Reservoir

This paper presents a study of the variation of the elevation of Tongguan, which is located in the backwater zone of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, in response to changes in flow runoff. The analysis indicated that the rise of the elevation of Tongguan, which is defined as the stage corresponding to a discharge of I000 m^3/s at Tongguan station, is controlled by the stream energy. A close relationship existed between the elevation of Tongguan and the superimposed stream energy that integrates the current and the preceding years‘ flow and dam operation conditions. When the flow runoff remains relatively constant and the pool level of the dam has a relatively large range of variations, then the elevation of Tongguan is primarily controlled by the dam operation conditions. On the other hand, if the flow runoff has a relatively large range of variations and the pool level of the dam remains relatively constant, then the elevation of Tongguan is primarily controlled by the flow conditions. These findings are of importance for optimizing the dam operation in order to lower and control the elevation of Tongguan, and therefore to minimize the backwater effect of the dam operation.     

A comparison on urbanization of two mega polises in western China in recent 20 yearsversity,

Based on a comparison of the spatial extension modulus and speed of the two megapolis cities in western China, Chongqing and Chengdu, the differences of urbanization characteristics of the two cities were analyzed. The results show that the two cities have different spatial extension modulus and extension speed. The extension speed of Chongqing, the largest mountainous city of China, was slow and its extension direction was along the Yangtze River valley and the Jialing River valley. Chengdu, the largest plain city of western China, had a faster extension speed than Chongqing and a concentric circles extent modulus. The spatial extent modulus and speed were controlled by the natural condition, especially the topography, the policies, the economic development level and the investment of the state central government.     

Integrated modeling of nitrogen oxides formation in diesel engines

To account for the effects of both chemistry and flow turbulence, the present study proposes an integrated NO sub-model that combines the extended Zel'dovich mechanism and engine CFD computations to simulate the NO histories in a diesel engine. NOx sub-model parameters and pollutant formation mechanisms can be more easily investigated by solving the NOx sub-model. The new NO formation model incorporating the effects of both chemical kinetics and turbulent mixing was applied to simulate a diesel engine with a quiescent combustion chamber, and one with a re-entrant combustion chamber; the premise of the model being the reaction rate is mainly determined by a kinetic timescale and a turbulent timescale. The results indicate that the predicted NO formulation from the new model agrees well with the measured data. As the utilization of fossil fuels continues to increase, the control of NOx emissions is a worldwide concern; and it is imperative to understand fully the NOx reaction processes in combustion systems. This technology has the potential to enhance the application of various combustion techniques used to reduce NOx emissions from practical combustion systems.     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a lax mutant in rice

We have analyzed a lax mutant that exhibits altered panicle architecture in rice.The primary and secondary rachis-branches are normally initiated and each branch ends in a terminal spikelet,but all the lateral spikelets are absent and the terminal spikelet displays variegated structures in the mutant.An F2 population from the cross between the lax mutant and a japonica variety,W11,was constructed and analyzed.Using microsatellite and CAPS markers,the lax locus was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1,co-segregated with a CAPS marker,LZ1,within an interval of 0.28 cM between a CAPS marker,HB2,and a microsatellite marker,MRG4389.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of the rice B-function MADS-box genes OsMADS2,OsMADS4,OsMADS16 and OsMADS3 were significantly reduced,whereas the expression of the rice A-function gene RAPIA was not altered.     

Functional Dependencies and Its Axiom System in XML

According to the analysis of existing complicated functional dependencies constraint, we conclude the conditions of defining functional dependency in XML, and then we introduce the concept of the node value equality. A new path language and a new definition of functional dependencies in XML （XFD） are proposed XFD includes the relative XFD and the absolute XFD, in which absolute key and relative key are the particular cases. We focus on the logical implication and the closure problems, and propose a group of inference rules. Finally, some proofs of the correctness and completeness are given. XFD is powerful on expressing functional dependencies in XML causing data redundancy, and has a complete axiom system.     

Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.     

Interaction Dynamics in AEC Global Teamwork

Architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) global project teamwork is communication intensive and relies heavily on synchronous and asynchronous information and collaboration technologies (ICT). We explore in this paper how an asynchronous ICT, called ThinkTank, reshaped the work practice of design-construction global teams, and how the interaction with this ICT reshaped the purpose and benefits of its use. ThinkTank is a web-based asynchronous collaboration and discussion forum. We introduce the influence diffusion model (IDM) that formalizes the process of identifying the influence of people, messages, and terms mathematically. Discovering who the influence leaders in project teams are can be beneficial and critical from a corporate management perspective, since they can guide or motivate the team towards successful actions and outcomes. We present the ThinkTank-IDM integrated system and its validation with a testbed of 53 AEC global team project archived in ThinkTank over 8 years.     

面向质量过程控制的风机制造车间布局规划

质量过程控制是质量标准体系ISO9001 2008版中新加入的规定,考虑生产流程、面向质量过程控制的车间布局规划是对企业发展提出的新要求.以某风机车间为对象,对其生产现状和存在的问题进行分析,提出面向质量过程控制的生产工艺流程改进方案.在此基础上,运用系统布局规划(SLP)方法,研究生产工艺流程中各作业单位之间的物流与非物流关系,制定面向质量过程控制的车间布局优化方案.     

钢铁企业绿色制造运行关键技术研究

为了促进钢铁企业经济效益与可持续发展效益的最大化,基于5层结构的钢铁企业绿色制造运行模式,对其中钢铁产品生命周期主线层的绿色工艺规划和钢铁清洁化生产等关键技术进行研究。重点分析了绿色工艺规划体系结构中的工艺路线、工艺方法、工艺装备、辅助物料以及工艺参数等规划内容,讨论了钢铁生产中高炉炼铁、转炉炼钢、连铸和轧钢4个阶段涉及到的资源消耗和环境影响问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。     

炼油厂气分装置生产计划与工艺条件的集成优化

为在操作指标受到限制且要满足产品质量要求时,也可保证得到可执行的生产计划,建立了生产计划与工艺条件的集成优化模型。在该模型中,加入工艺条件约束,利用生产计划优化软件与流程模拟软件结合求解。在求解非线性优化模型时,使用了逐次反馈修正装置收率限制的迭代方法。加入了判断生产计划是否可行以及求解不可行物流的收率限制。对某炼油厂气体分离装置生产计划与工艺条件进行集成优化。结果表明,该模型可以得到最优的可行生产计划,有实用价值。     

炼油厂气分装置生产计划与工艺条件的集成优化

为在操作指标受到限制且要满足产品质量要求时,也可保证得到可执行的生产计划,建立了生产计划与工艺条件的集成优化模型。在该模型中,加入工艺条件约束,利用生产计划优化软件与流程模拟软件结合求解。在求解非线性优化模型时,使用了逐次反馈修正装置收率限制的迭代方法。加入了判断生产计划是否可行以及求解不可行物流的收率限制。对某炼油厂气体分离装置生产计划与工艺条件进行集成优化。结果表明,该模型可以得到最优的可行生产计划,有实用价值。     

基于任务的产品工艺设计过程管理

在分析产品工艺设计流程现状的基础上,研究了现有ＣＡＰＰ系统中工艺过程设计和过程管理,提出了任务驱动型的ＣＡＰＰ思想．认为工艺设计的过程本质上是对任务完成过程的集合,通过对任务的生成、监控、设计、提交、签审、发放,正好控制工艺设计的流程,并在ＣＡＰＰ系统开发中进行了成功的尝试,为工艺设计的管理提供了一种可行的方法．     

三维装配工艺模型的数字化建模方法

为实现基于三维模型的装配工艺设计,研究了三维装配工艺模型的数字化建模方法. 根据装配工艺设计过程的特点,将三维装配工艺设计过程分为粗装配工艺设计阶段和精装配工艺设计阶段. 针对不同的工艺设计阶段,为三维装配工艺模型提出了3种阶段工艺模型,分别为拆卸工艺模型、粗装配工艺模型及精装配工艺模型,建立了不同阶段模型及辅助工艺信息的表达方法和模型信息间的映射机制,详细阐述了3种阶段工艺模型的建模过程. 基于上述建模方法,开发了基于三维模型的装配工艺设计系统,以一个发动机模型验证了文中提出的建模方法的正确性.      

过程水文学的方法框架与学科体系探讨

基于水科学发展历程和实体水-虚拟水耦合流动理论基本框架,指出过程水文学是揭示实体水-虚拟水在复杂系统中耦合流动规律与伴生效应的交叉学科,进一步明确了其科学内涵、主要特征、学科框架、学科基础、方法体系和主要研究方向。在明晰过程水文学科学价值的基础上,认为过程水文学的发展有望解决未来经济社会复杂系统面临的水科学问题。     

基于工艺规程的加工特征模型

随着三维CAD设计软件的发展与普及,计算机技术在设计中的应用已不再局限于传统的计算、绘图和制造等方面,三维CAD的应用对工艺设计方式、工艺资源及制造数据管理模式都产生了重大影响.基于三维CAD的数控工艺设计、工装设计、工艺资源管理等技术成为企业工艺信息化新的应用需求.针对三维CAD软件的特点,本文定义了一个面向工艺设计的抽象加工特征表达模型,该模型描述加工特征的各个参数信息、加工特征之间的相互关系、以及特征所对应的工艺规程.     

基于功能块的计算机辅助工艺规划方法

为了使工艺规划柔性地适应制造资源的变化,将IEC61499标准定义的功能块(functionblock)应用到计算机辅助工艺规划方法中.把制造特征的制造信息、加工方法和控制信息封装在功能块中.建立了基于功能块的计算机辅助工艺的体系结构,给出了制造特征的形状、精度、材料等信息与基本功能块输入变量的映射方法,以及制造特征粗、精加工、监控过程与功能块方法的映射过程,详细阐述了执行控制图的执行过程.定义了制造功能组和组件功能块的概念,提出了制造特征分组的3个原则,介绍了复合功能块的生成步骤和执行过程.最后,以零件实例验证,零件中提取出14个制造特征,划分为4个特征制造组并映射为4个复合功能块,工艺规划结果以与/或图的形式给出.     

基于流程知识的业务流程设计方法

随着新经济时代的到来,企业关键业务流程的知识密集程度越来越高,企业需要探寻更为有效的业务流程设计方法。为此,选择流程知识为设计方法研究的基础信息,从中获取控制流及相关知识流的结构缺陷和改进环节,实现目标业务流程的设计和优化。以某轿车厂的设备工装采购过程为例,将本研究提出的方法应用于设备工装采购的流程设计工作中,说明其科学性和有效性。