Generation of GTP-bound Ran by RCC1 is required for chromatin-induced mitotic spindle formation.

Chromosomes are segregated by two antiparallel arrays of microtubules arranged to form the spindle apparatus. During cell division, the nucleation of cytosolic microtubules is prevented and spindle microtubules nucleate from centrosomes (in mitotic animal cells) or around chromosomes (in plants and some meiotic cells). The molecular mechanism by which chromosomes induce local microtubule nucleation in the absence of centrosomes is unknown, but it can be studied by adding chromatin beads to Xenopus egg extracts. The beads nucleate microtubules that eventually reorganize into a bipolar spindle. RCC1, the guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor for the GTPase protein Ran, is a component of chromatin. Using the chromatin bead assay, we show here that the activity of chromosome-associated RCC1 protein is required for spindle formation. Ran itself, when in the GTP-bound state (Ran-GTP), induces microtubule nucleation and spindle-like structures in M-phase extract. We propose that RCC1 generates a high local concentration of Ran-GTP around chromatin which in turn induces the local nucleation of microtubules.     

The conserved protein DCN-1/Dcn1p is required for cullin neddylation in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae

SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are multi-protein complexes required for polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins by the 26S proteasome. Cullins, together with the RING-finger protein Rbx1, form the catalytic core of the ligase, and recruit the substrate-recognition module. Cycles of covalent modification of cullins by the ubiquitin-like molecule Nedd8 (neddylation) and removal of Nedd8 by the COP9 signalosome (deneddylation) positively regulate E3 ligase activity. Here we report the identification and analysis of a widely conserved protein that is required for cullin neddylation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. C. elegans DCN-1 and S. cerevisiae Dcn1p (defective in cullin neddylation) are characterized by a novel UBA-like ubiquitin-binding domain and a DUF298 domain of unknown function. Consistent with their requirements for neddylation, DCN-1 and Dcn1p directly bind Nedd8 and physically associate with cullins in both species. Moreover, overexpression of Dcn1p in yeast results in the accumulation of Nedd8-modified cullin Cdc53p. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that Dcn1p does not inhibit deneddylation of Cdc53p by the COP9 signalosome, but greatly increases the kinetics of the neddylation reaction.     

全对称2n-1次系统的中心焦点与极限环分支

本文研究了全对称2n-1次系统，求出了原点的前n-1阶焦点量，得出了该系统的中心条件及它在整个相平面上最多可扰动出n-1个小振幅极限环．     

Type 1 diabetes in mice is linked to the interleukin-1 receptor and Lsh/Ity/Bcg genes on chromosome 1.

Human type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is a common auto-immune disease of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas which is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Several features of the genetics and immunopathology of diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are shared with the human disease. Of the three diabetes-susceptibility genes, Idd-1 -3 and -4 that have been mapped in mice to date, only in the case of Idd-1 is there any evidence for the identity of the gene product: allelic variation within the murine immune response I-A beta gene and its human homologue HLA-DQB1 correlates with susceptibility, implying that I-A beta is a component of Idd-1. We report here the mapping of Idd-5 to the proximal region of mouse chromosome 1. This region contains at least two candidate susceptibility genes, the interleukin-1 receptor gene and Lsh/Ity/Bcg, which encodes resistance to bacterial and parasitic infections and affects the function of macrophages.     

X射线粉末衍射法测定不同温度下生成的TiO2晶体的物相组成

用X射线粉末衍射方法测定了不同温度下生成的TiO     

Structure of hisactophilin is similar to interleukin-1 beta and fibroblast growth factor.

The fast reaction of the actin-based cytoskeleton in motile cells after stimulation with a chemoattractant requires a signal-transduction chain that creates a very specific environment at distinct regions beneath the plasma membrane. Dictyostelium hisactophilin, a unique actin-binding protein, is a submembranous pH sensor that signals slight changes of the H+ concentration to actin by inducing actin polymerization and binding to microfilaments only at pH values below seven. It has a relative molecular mass of 13.5K and its most unusual feature is the presence of 31 histidine residues among its total of 118 amino acids. The transduction of an external signal from the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here we report the protein's structure in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nuclear Overhauser effect intensities of the three-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectra were used directly in the calculations. The overall folding of histactophilin is similar to that of interleukin-1 beta and fibroblast growth factor, but the primary amino-acid sequence of hisactophilin is unrelated to these two proteins.     

Insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 is a member of a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys-His domain.

The activity of the rat insulin I gene enhancer is mainly dependent on two cis-acting protein-binding domains. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA encoding a protein, Isl-1, that binds to one of these domains. Isl-1 contains a homeodomain with greatest similarity to those of the Caenorhabditis elegans proteins encoded by mec-3 and lin-11. In addition, Isl-1, like the lin-11 and mec-3 gene products, contains a novel Cys-His domain which is reminiscent of known metal-binding regions. Together these proteins define a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys His-domain. Isl-1 is preferentially expressed in cells of pancreatic endocrine origin. If the structural homologies between Isl-1 and the C. elegans gene products reflect functional similarities, a role for Isl-1 in the development of pancreatic endocrine cells could be envisaged.     

ASN.1到C/C++编译器实现的研究

在描述通信协议中抽象语法描述ASN.1被广泛应用。通过对VoIP网关中H.323协议栈实际开发,论述了ASN.1到C/C++编译器的实现过程。     

0.85PZN-0.10BT-0.05PT陶瓷烧结工艺及性能

采用二次合成法制备了 0 .85Pb(Zn1/3Nb2 /3) O3 0 .1 0 Ba Ti O3 0 .0 5Pb Ti O3弛豫铁电陶瓷 ,探讨了烧结温度对陶瓷相结构和晶粒的影响 ,优化了烧结工艺 ,并在此基础上研究了陶瓷的介电性能和电致伸缩性能。结果表明 ,陶瓷中钙钛矿相的含量随烧结温度的升高而不断增加 ,而升高预烧温度对提高钙钛矿相的结构稳定性不利。优化烧结工艺后 ,获得了 1 0 0 %钙钛矿相的陶瓷 ,其峰值介电常数为 60 67,在电场为 2 0 0 0 V/ mm时电致应变可达 5.5× 1 0 -4 。     

Association of the Shc and Grb2/Sem5 SH2-containing proteins is implicated in activation of the Ras pathway by tyrosine kinases.

The mammalian shc gene encodes two overlapping, widely expressed proteins of 46 and 52K, with a carboxy-terminal SH2 domain that binds activated growth factor receptors, and a more amino-terminal glycine/proline-rich region. These shc gene products (Shc) are transforming when overexpressed in fibroblasts. Shc proteins become phosphorylated on tyrosine in cells stimulated with a variety of growth factors, and in cells transformed by v-src (ref. 2), suggesting that they are tyrosine kinase targets that control a mitogenic signalling pathway. Here we report that tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc proteins form a specific complex with a non-phosphorylated 23K polypeptide encoded by the grb2/sem-5 gene. The grb2/sem-5 gene product itself contains an SH2 domain, which mediates binding to Shc, and is implicated in activation of the Ras guanine nucleotide-binding protein by tyrosine kinases in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cells. Consistent with a role in signalling through Ras, shc overexpression induced Ras-dependent neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. These results suggest that Shc tyrosine phosphorylation can couple tyrosine kinases to Grb2/Sem-5, through formation of a Shc-Grb2/Sem-5 complex, and thereby regulate the mammalian Ras signalling pathway.     

A new synthetic route to MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 highly dispersed composite material through formation of Mg5Al2.4Zr1.7O12 metastable phase:synthesis and physical properties

Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ metastable phase was successfully synthesized from analytical-grade MgO, α-Al₂O₃, MgAl₂O₄, and ZrO₂ under an N₂ atmosphere. The sintering temperature was varied from 1650 to 1780℃, and the highest amount of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ appeared in the composite material when the sintering temperature was 1760℃. According to our research of the formation mechanism of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂, the formation and growth of MgAl₂O₄ dominated when the temperature was not higher than 1650℃. When the temperature was higher than 1650℃, MgO and ZrO₂ tended to diffuse into MgAl₂O₄ and the Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ solid solution was formed. When the temperature reached 1760℃, the formation of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ was completed. The effect of MgAl₂O₄ spinel crystals was also studied, and their introduction into the composite material promoted the formation and growth of Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂. A highly dispersed MgO-MgAl₂O₄-ZrO₂ composite material was prepared through the decomposition of the Mg₅Al_2.4Zr_1.7O₁₂ metastable phase. The as-prepared composite material showed improved overall physical properties because of the good dispersion of MgO, MgAl₂O₄, and ZrO₂ phases.     

低温水解制备TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂及其对茜素红S的降解应用

以四氯化钛为原料,利用低温直接水解法制备了纳米二氧化钛,同时将其负载于活性碳纤维表面得到TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂.SEM照片显示二氧化钛在ACF上以纳米团簇的形式均匀附着;XRD结果表明所得TiO2/ACF中TiO2的晶型为金红石相,微晶尺寸为7.02 nm,350℃下煅烧后金红石相TiO2结晶更好,微晶尺寸为9.88 nm; XPS分析表明Ti元素以Ti4+的形式存在.将350 ℃煅烧得到的TiO2/ACF复合光催化剂应用于对茜素红S的光催化降解,实验表明其光催化性能良好.     

原子集团展开和平均键能方法在In_xGa_（1－x）As／GaAs系统中的应用

把原子集团展开方法同平均键能方法相结合，建立了一种研究合金型应变层异质界面价带偏移的方法．应用此方法对ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ系统分别计算了以ＧａＡｓ和以ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ为衬底的两种不同的应变状态下的价带偏移（△Ｅｖ）随合金组份的变化规律．结果表明，由于应变的引入，该系统的面△Ｅｖ～Ｘ表现出大的非线性，且这一关系受到应变状态的显著影响．通过改变应变状态可使其为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型超晶格以及金属．部分结果与有关的实验值和理论结果相符合．     

承台式抗滑桩受力机理及其在护岸工程中的应用

承台式抗滑桩是用承台连接前后两排桩可抵抗大滑坡推力的支挡结构,分析了承台式抗滑桩支挡边(滑)坡的作用机理,根据其受力特征,可以滑面为界将其分为上下两个部分计算分析,通过理论分析和工程设计,根据工程实例,提出可按在滑坡推力作用下的横向弹性地基约束的空间刚架模型分析上半部分(受荷段)结构内力,并对实际工程进行了优化设计.     

高粱稻成熟胚对2,4-D和6-BA的生理反应

在2，4-D0～10，BA0～5（mg／L）交叉配比的MS培养基上培养高粱稻超丰早一号的外植体--成熟种子，发现2，4-D对成熟胚的生根率、根产量、出愈率、愈伤组织生长速率、愈伤组织性质、种子苗发生频率都起主要作用．BA对根形态、愈伤组织胚性有较明显的作用；如果BA浓度较高，则能较明显地抵消2，4-D的作用，0．5mg／L的2，4-D同BA结合产生的愈伤组织生长速率快，胚性良好．在2，4-D0．5～3mg／L，并含有BA的组合中，发生的种子苗出现一些形态上的变异．     

考虑齿轮泵性能的公差优化设计

考虑齿轮泵性能与影响性能的重要因素端面间隙,探讨性能、间隙与公差之间的映射关系.引入最优间隙的概念,定义新函数为装配间隙与最优间隙之差,以新函数与齿轮泵性能为目标函数,各关键零部件的公差加工精度为约束,建立公差优化模型,利用上述优化模型计算出齿轮泵齿轮机构与装配组成环的公差,为齿轮泵公差优化设计提供了依据,最后以某型号齿轮泵为例,验证该模型的有效性.