1-氨基-2-溴-4-羟基蒽醌合成新工艺研究

设计并研究了１－氨基－２－溴蒽醌在溴化钾引发下,以硼酸为催化剂,协调４－位溴化、水解和溴离子氧化成溴素的反应速度,一浴同步直接进行羟基化的可能性和反应条件,进而提出了由－１氨基蒽酯出发,溴化－水解一浴合成１－氨基－２－溴－４－羟基蒽酯的新工艺。     

Polyamine sensing by nascent ornithine decarboxylase antizyme stimulates decoding of its mRNA

Polyamines are essential organic polycations with multiple cellular functions relevant for cell division, cancer and ageing. Regulation of polyamine synthesis is mainly achieved by controlling the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) through an unusual mechanism involving ODC antizyme, the binding of which disrupts homodimeric ODC and targets it for ubiquitin-independent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Whereas mammals express several antizyme genes, we have identified a single orthologue, termed OAZ1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Similar to its mammalian counterparts, OAZ1 synthesis is induced with rising intracellular polyamine concentrations, which also inhibit ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the OAZ1 protein. Together, these mechanisms contribute to a homeostatic feedback regulation of polyamines. Antizyme synthesis involves a conserved +1 ribosomal frameshifting (RFS) event at an internal STOP codon during decoding of its messenger RNA. Here we used S. cerevisiae OAZ1 to dissect the enigmatic mechanism underlying polyamine regulation of RFS. In contrast with previous assumptions, we report here that the nascent antizyme polypeptide is the relevant polyamine sensor that operates in cis to negatively regulate upstream RFS on the polysomes, where its own mRNA is being translated. At low polyamine levels, the emerging antizyme polypeptide inhibits completion of its synthesis causing a ribosome pile-up on antizyme mRNA, whereas polyamine binding to nascent antizyme promotes completion of its synthesis. Thus, our study reveals a novel autoregulatory mechanism, in which binding of a small metabolite to a nascent sensor protein stimulates the latter's synthesis co-translationally.     

一个绿色微型有机合成实验:离子液体中3-乙酰基香豆素的合成

介绍了一个在离子液体中采用串联法合成3-乙酰基香豆素的绿色有机合成实验.碱性离子液体氢氧化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmIm]OH)在合成中具有双重功能,在作为反应溶剂的同时又作为反应的催化剂使用.反应物水杨醛与乙酰乙酸乙酯首先发生克脑文格反应,生成的产物紧接着发生分子内酯交换反应得到3-乙酰基香豆素.该串联反应是一个典型的高效、绿色的合成方法,本实验内容新颖、操作简单、所需试剂价廉易得,适合作为高年级本科生有机合成实验.     

H4SiW12O40-PAn催化剂催化合成4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊烷

目的自制H4SiW12O40(硅钨酸)-PAn(聚苯胺)环境友好催化剂并进行有机物合成应用研究。方法通过FT-IR,XRD和TG/DTA手段对自制催化剂进行表征,以苯甲醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊烷,探讨H4SiW12O40-PAn催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。结果在n(苯甲醛)/n(1,2-丙二醇)=1/2.0,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间45 min的优化条件下,4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊烷的收率可达87.4%。结论实验结果表明,H4SiW12O40-PAn是合成苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂。     

新型偶氮染料中间体氨甲基吐丝酸的催化合成

报道了一种2-氨基-5-氨甲基-1-萘磺酸（氨甲基吐丝酸）活性偶氮染料中间体的高效合成方法。该合成方法采用二氧化硅负载磷钨酸固体酸催化剂替代传统合成中的浓硫酸催化合成2-氨基-5-氨甲基-1-萘磺酸,省去了氨基乙酰化反应,使反应步骤简化,去掉了高压反应操作,使整个反应过程容易操作,具有可循环利用,成本经济的优点。该合成方法反应条件温和,整体收率稳定,维持在89.2%,产品纯度98.2%。     

Association of histone H1(0) with a gene repressed during liver development

Histone H1(0) has a number of unusual properties that set it apart from other H1 subtypes (for review see ref. 1). For example, H1(0) synthesis is not strictly coupled to DNA synthesis, it is absent from the embryonic liver of mice (but present shortly after birth) and its synthesis is hormone-dependent in some of the glands of adult rodents. All the H1 subtypes differ in their DNA binding properties, and H1(0) has been shown to be preferentially associated with nuclease-resistant chromatin. These features suggest that the H1(0) may have a role in developmental gene control. To investigate this further, we have fractionated the H1(0)-containing nucleosomes of chromatin from adult mouse liver. We report here that the gene for alpha-fetoprotein, which is expressed in embryonic tissue but repressed soon after birth, is preferentially associated with the H1(0)-containing nucleosomes. The related gene for albumin, which is expressed in both embryonic and adult tissues, is absent from the H1(0)-containing nucleosome fraction. These results support a role for histone H1(0) in the control of gene expression.     

Combretastatin B-1的化学合成及结构衍生化研究

近来,Combretastatin B-1（CB1）由于在抗肿瘤活性尤其在靶向恶性肿瘤血管的选择性方面引起了医学界广泛关注.该化合物提取自药用植物Combretum caffrum,其抑制肿瘤细胞生长,抑制血管生成和微管蛋白聚合方面的应用前景激发了人们对CB1化学合成的极大兴趣.CB1及其衍生物是一类具有广泛生物活性和良好应用前景的化合物,因此CB1的化学合成及结构衍生化研究显得极为重要.     

基于螺旋理论的两转一移解耦并联机构型综合

强耦合性是并联机构的一个显著特点,如果能使并联机构的运动部分解耦或者完全解耦,将使并联机构的理论分析、实际应用等方面变得容易。为此,本文基于螺旋理论、机构运动螺旋系与分支运动螺旋系之间的关系,提出了移动解耦分支型综合准则和转动解耦分支型综合准则,确定了并联机构转动条件及输入运动副选择原则,形成了两转一移解耦并联机构型综合方法,并以此对两转一移解耦并联机构进行了综合并得到了许多新型机构,从而验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

Immunodeficiency virus rev trans-activator modulates the expression of the viral regulatory genes

The pathogenic human retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes two trans-acting nuclear proteins, tat and rev, whose functional expression is essential for viral replication in vitro. The tat protein greatly enhances the expression of both structural and regulatory genes of HIV-1 (linked to the viral long-terminal-repeat promoter element), whereas the rev gene product (previously termed art or trs) has only been shown to be required for the synthesis of structural proteins. Here, we demonstrate that rev also moderates the expression of regulatory genes of HIV-1. It decreases the expression of messenger RNAs that encode the full-length form of the viral tat gene product or the rev protein itself, and induces the synthesis of a previously unreported, truncated tat protein. These actions of rev are mediated by a dramatic shift in the ratio of spliced to unspliced cytoplasmic HIV-1 mRNA. Therefore rev not only activates the synthesis of the viral structural proteins, but also modulates the level and quality of HIV-1 regulatory gene expression.     

含有复铰的巴氏桁架的类型综合扩计算机自动生成

单开链迭加法是一种适应于在计算机上进行的机构类型综合的新方法。通过双色图的引入,成功地将这种方法推广到同时含有复铰和多副杆的机构类型综合。本文综合出了具有1～4个独立回路并含有复铰的巴氏桁架的166种独立的结构类型。     

3,4-二芳基吡咯的合成

卟啉化合物及其金属配合物是一类极具潜力、环境友好的光电转换材料而成为国际上人们研究的热点,3,4-二芳基吡咯作为构建该卟啉类化合物的中心体,其合成方法的研究很少。本文以亚氨基二乙酸为原料,经酯化和酰基化2步反应得到N-乙酰基-亚胺基二乙酸二甲酯,再将得到反应物在甲醇钠溶液中与二芳基乙二酮发生缩合反应得到3,4-二芳基吡咯-2,5-二甲酸,最后将3,4-二芳基吡咯-2,5-二甲酸在乙醇胺中回流脱羧制得3,4-二芳基吡咯,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和元素分析得以确证。该合成方法具有反应条件温和、反应速度快、产率较高、操作简单等优点。     

1,3,4-三苯基吡唑并喹啉类衍生物的微波合成

目的对吡唑[3,4-b]喹啉类化合物的合成方法进行研究。方法用微波辐射,在无溶剂条件下,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,使1,3-二苯基吡唑啉酮、苯甲醛和取代苯胺进行反应,反应时间为8～12 min,合成出了目标产物。结果合成出了一系列吡唑[3,4-b]喹啉类化合物,用元素分析、IR和1HNMR对所合成的化合物进行了表征,产率可达到52%～62%。结论该方法操作简单反应时间短产率较高,对环境友好。     

Need for DNA topoisomerase activity as a swivel for DNA replication for transcription of ribosomal RNA

Yeast strains with mutations in the genes for DNA topoisomerases I and II have been identified previously in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The topoisomerase II mutants (top2) are conditional-lethal temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. They are defective in the termination of DNA replication and the segregation of daughter chromosomes, but otherwise appear to replicate and transcribe DNA normally. Topoisomerase I mutants (top1), including strains with null mutations are viable and exhibit no obvious growth defects, demonstrating that DNA topoisomerase I is not essential for viability in yeast. In contrast to the single mutants, top1 top2 ts double mutants from both Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae grow poorly at the permissive temperature and stop growth rapidly at the non-permissive temperature. Here we report that DNA and ribosomal RNA synthesis are drastically inhibited in an S. cerevisiae top1 top2 ts double mutant at the restrictive temperature, but that the rate of poly(A)+ RNA synthesis is reduced only about threefold and transfer DNA synthesis remains relatively normal. The results suggest that DNA replication and at least ribosomal RNA synthesis require an active topoisomerase, presumably to act as a swivel to relieve torsional stress, and that either topoisomerase can perform the required function (except in termination of DNA replication where topoisomerase II is required).     

氧热法电石生产气流床反应器性能的数值模拟

针对氧热法电石生产工艺中气流床反应器内的燃烧放热和电石生成的吸放热耦合体系,建立了包含传质、传热和反应的多相反应器模型,基于模拟重点考察了反应器几何参数和操作条件对器内传递和反应性能的影响。结果表明：(1)气体通过气流床中的预热段、扩大段时,温度达到1000K以上,反应段的局部温度达到3000K以上,可以满足原料预热和电石合成需要的温度;(2)焦炭的粒度增大,其火焰中心位置下移,可以更好地为底部电石合成反应提供热量;但是焦炭的粒度增大,气体出口温度变大,能量没有得到充分利用;(3)适宜焦炭粒度为120μm,对合成电石和减小能耗有利。     

天然产物Combretastatin A-1（CA1）的化学合成研究进展

近来,CAI由于在抗肿瘤活性尤其在靶向恶性肿瘤血管的选择性方面引起了医学界广泛关注.该化合物提取自药用植物Combretum caffrum,其抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,抑制血管生成和微管蛋白聚合方面的应用前景激发了人们对CAI合成研究的极大兴趣.对CA1化学合成反应的研究作了综述,介绍了利用Sonogashira偶联反应、Wittig反应、Perkin反应合成天然产物Combretastatin A-1（CA1）的新进展.     

1H-1，5-苯并二氮杂卓的合成研究进展

摘要：1H-1,5-苯并二氮杂卓是一类具有重要生理活性和药理活性的七元杂环化合物．文章综述了近年来1H-1,5-苯并二氮杂卓的合成研究进展,包括催化剂法、固态合成法、微波辐射促进合成等．     

用粉煤灰合成不同组成的Sialon环境材料

以粉煤灰和炭黑为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法在1 350~1 550℃下保温6 h合成出不同组成的Sialon环境材料.研究了合成温度对材料相组成的影响,观察了其显微结构,并分析了粉煤灰的碳热还原氮化过程.研究结果表明:合成温度对材料的相组成影响显著;提高合成温度有利于莫来石的分解和Sialon的生成,通过控制加热温度可以合成不同组成的Sialon材料;1 350~1 400℃,1 450~1 500℃和1 550℃保温6 h可以分别合成(O′+β)-Sialon/莫来石、(X+β)-Sialon/刚玉和β-Sialon材料;在1 550℃下合成β-Sialon的平均粒径约为2~3μm.粉煤灰的碳...     

Translocation of a localized maternal mRNA to the vegetal pole of Xenopus oocytes

A prominent hypothesis in embryology is that localized maternal factors are important in specifying cell fate. There are, however, only a few examples of maternal molecules that have been shown to be localized and very little is known about how such factors are physically localized within an egg (for review see ref. 1). Previously, cDNA clones were obtained for a class of localized maternal mRNAs from Xenopus laevis. These mRNAs are unusual in that they are concentrated at either the animal or vegetal pole of unfertilized eggs. In the present study the synthesis and intracellular distribution of one of them, Vg1, has been examined during oogenesis. The results show that Vg1 mRNA is localized as a crescent at the vegetal pole of mature oocytes. Surprisingly, this mRNA is uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of immature oocytes. These findings suggest that a single cell, the frog oocyte, has some mechanism for translocating specific RNAs like Vg1. The process that moves Vg1 mRNA is evidently a cytoplasmic localization machinery which is not directly coupled to the synthesis of Vg1 RNA.