深埋隧洞饱和原状Q2黄土三轴剪切特性试验

为进一步探讨饱和原状Q₂黄土在三轴应力状态下的变形、孔隙水压力变化以及强度特性,利用GDS多功能三轴仪,对甘肃引洮输水工程15^#隧洞原状黄土进行了常规三轴不排水剪切试验.通过对试验数据的整理与分析发现:在常规三轴不排水剪切试验下,原状Q₂黄土的应力-应变曲线呈应变软化型,表现为脆性破坏;随着围压的增大,曲线的软化性状减弱;在土的峰值强度出现前,变形几乎近似"弹性".土在剪切过程中产生正孔隙水压力,曲线在低围压下具有峰值压力,变化似软化型;在高围压下孔隙水压力随着轴向应变的增加而增大.随着围压的增大,原状Q₂黄土的破坏应力随之提高,有效应力路径曲线形态呈相似的直线形.     

南京地区粉土的不排水三轴压缩试验

通过全自动三轴仪进行了南京地区粉土的三轴不排水的试验,研究了围压和干密度对应力-应变曲线、孔隙水压力曲线和有效主应力比曲线的影响.试验表明:高围压状态下粉土试样呈现出弱应变软化型,而低围压状态下呈现出应变稳定型;低围压下试样在加载初期产生正孔隙水压力,随后产生负孔隙水压力,其后基本保持稳定;干密度越大,主应力差峰值越大,表现出较大的剪胀性,孔隙水压力易出现负孔隙水压力;干密度值较高时,土样处于密实状态,表现出剪胀特性,有效主应力比-应变曲线近于应变软化型;围压较低、干密度较大时,试样易表现出软化特征,试样出现剪切带破坏,强度明显下降.     

应力路径对粉土力学特性的影响试验

应力路径是影响土体强度和变形特性的重要因素,本文利用GDSTAS全自动三轴仪对苏北地区的粉土开展常规三轴压缩、减压三轴压缩、等压压缩3种应力路径的力学特性试验。结果表明:应力路径对粉土应力-应变特性影响显著,常规三轴压缩应力路径下应力-应变特性因围压大小而不同,等压压缩应力路径和减压压缩应力路径下粉土应力-应变特性都为应变软化型,但软化程度不同;不同应力路径下粉土的应力-应变特性可采用应变软化模型和双曲线模型进行拟合,拟合结果较好;相同围压下,常规三轴压缩应力路径下粉土强度最大,轴向应变的变化速率最快,等压压缩应力路径粉土强度次之,减压压缩应力路径强度最低,轴向应变的变化速率最慢。研究结果能为工程中不同应力路径下粉土地基设计计算提供较为可靠的力学指标。     

废橡胶颗粒-水泥-粉煤灰混合轻质填料三轴试验

废橡胶颗粒、水泥和粉煤灰混合制成一种新型轻质填料,通过对橡胶水泥粉煤灰轻质填料进行三轴压缩试验,分析不同橡胶掺量和固结压力对轻质填料应力-应变关系以及受力机制的影响。结果表明:随着固结压力的增加,轻质填料的强度与刚度随之增加;当橡胶掺量增加时,应力-应变曲线形状变化明显,其破坏应变呈现增长趋势,破坏应力呈现递减的趋势,在较低围压时应力-应变曲线呈现软化型,高围压下呈现硬化型。     

基坑开挖数值分析中MMC模型参数的试验

为了得到修正摩尔库伦模型精确的数值模拟参数,以某深基坑工程实例为依托,取深基坑各土层的土样进行不同围压下的三轴剪切试验、卸载-再加载试验以及固结试验,从应力-应变关系曲线中获得割线模量、卸荷弹模等数值模拟参数,将这些模型参数与压缩模量进行对比分析,得出：试验粉土在不同围压下,发生的都是软化型破坏.细砂在200 kPa的围压下,有效偏应力-应变曲线无峰值点,呈现硬化型破坏.在土体还未发生破坏前,卸载再加载基本不影响土体的应力-应变曲线形式,所求得偏应力峰值点前后的卸载再加载模量近乎大小相等.试验粉土的切线模量、割线模量和压缩模量大致相等.随着参考应力的增加,土体的卸荷弹模与压缩模量的比值呈二次函数型增加.通过数值模拟验证了参数的准确性,试验研究是参数精确化的重要途径.     

甘孜地区高填方回填土三轴试验研究

对甘孜地区非饱和高填方回填土(灰岩碎石土、全风化变质砂岩、粉质粘土)进行三轴不固结不排水试验研究,对不同压实度、不同含水量、不同围压下试样的破坏形态、破坏点轴向应变、应力应变关系、残余强度、抗剪强度指标等进行对比分析。试验结果表明:试样破坏形式与含水率和围压有关,含水率越高,围压越大越容易出现鼓胀破坏、越不容易出现剪切面;破坏点轴向应变与含水率和围压大小有关;分析三种土的粘聚力和内摩擦角随含水率的变化趋势发现甘孜地区粉质粘土遇水稳定性最差,灰岩碎石土遇水稳定性最好。     

水泥土强度特性和损伤本构模型研究

为探究围压对水泥土强度特性的影响以及建立不同围压影响下的损伤本构模型,开展室温和冻结状态不同围压下三轴剪切试验.考察了围压对水泥土力学参数的影响规律,建立能够反映出低围压对冻结水泥土强度的强化作用和高围压的弱化作用的修正Hoek-Brown强度准则.假设水泥土微元强度的分布规律服从双参数的Weibull函数,基于Hoek-Brown强度准则和其修正形式分别确定室温和冻结状态下水泥土微元强度,建立了考虑围压的统计损伤本构模型.结果表明,基于Hoek-Brown强度准则和其修正形式建立的损伤本构模型能够较好地描述室温和冻结状态下水泥土应力-应变曲线,且能够反映出冻结状态水泥土低围压下的应变软化现象与高围压下的应变硬化现象.室温状态时不同围压下损伤变量随轴向应变变化曲线形状相似,均随轴向应变增加呈"S"型单调递增.冻结状态下低围压抑制水泥土损伤劣化程度;高围压使其损伤劣化程度增加,在轴向应变很小时,损伤变量就达到较大值.     

不同应力路径下改性粉土的力学特性

选取江苏宿迁地区的粉土为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺和硅酸钠对其进行改性,分别对粉土和改性粉土进行常规三轴压缩试验(CTC)、等压压缩试验(TC)和减压压缩试验(RTC)的研究,对比改性前后粉土的变形特性。研究结果表明:应力路径对粉土及改性粉土的力学特性均产生影响,同一围压下,常规三轴应力路径下的偏应力最大,等压压缩应力路径次之,减压压缩应力路径最小,应力-应变曲线均呈非线性变化;相同应力路径、相同围压、改性粉土与粉土相比,偏应力有不同程度的提高;采用软化模型和邓肯-张模型对粉土及改性粉土进行应力-应变关系曲线模拟,拟合效果较好,而且模型参数因函数模型、应力路径、围压而各不相同。     

不同水泥掺量下非饱和固化淤泥力学特性试验研究

为明晰非饱和固化淤泥的强度特性,通过不同基质吸力、净围压下的三轴固结排水试验、无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了水泥掺量、基质吸力和净围压对非饱和固化淤泥强度特性的影响.试验结果表明:固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线在基质吸力小于进气值时饱和度变化并不明显,而基质吸力大于进气值时,随着基质吸力的增大,固化淤泥的饱和度降低,低水泥掺量固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线位于高水泥掺量固化淤泥土-水特征曲线的下方;水泥掺量100 kg/m~3固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线表现为应变硬化,剪切时表现为体缩,而水泥掺量200、300 kg/m~3固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线均表现为应变软化,水泥掺量越高、净围压越小,应变软化趋势越明显.非饱和固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度与水泥掺量和基质吸力有关,水泥掺量越高、基质吸力越大,无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度越大.不同水泥掺量和基质吸力条件下抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度之间存在良好的线性关系.     

水泥改良土力学特性试验研究

在大量动静三轴试验的基础上,研究了水泥改良土试样的应力-应变关系,掺和比及围压等影响因素,以及临界动应力、累计塑性应变、弹性应变及回弹模量的变化规律,同时,还研究了水泥土的回弹模量和动弹性应变与振动次数的变化规律.试验结果表明:水泥土的应力-应变曲线呈软化型,存在明显的应力峰值点;动应力存在一个临界值,土体的变形分为衰减型、破坏型及临界型;水泥土的临界动应力是素土的两倍以上,随掺和比的增加而增长,但增长趋势变缓.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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