具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

中西传统文化哲学思维比较论纲

由于社会历史的原因,中西传统文化哲学思维有着很大的不同:天人合一与天人对立;人格完善与事业成功;人性是善与人性是恶;以德治国与依法治国;喜鹊报喜与乌鸦报忧;重义轻利与重利轻义;群体本位与个体本位;整体全面与分析深刻;强调求同与强调求异;直觉形象与逻辑抽象;内向含蓄与外向直率;中庸和谐与对立斗争。中西双方应该走着对话、互补、融合的道路,吸取对方之长处,弥补己方之短处,创造一种现代化的综合性的新型文化哲学思维。     

五代宋元明清楷书及其衰落原因

楷书是继隶书之后的一种字体端正、用笔合法、波磔势少的书体。它萌芽于西汉,中经魏晋六朝的成熟、繁荣,至唐极盛,成就辉煌。五代以降的宋、元、明、清楷书,主要学魏晋、北朝和唐人。虽小有创变,异彩纷呈,但总的格局却是呈衰落之势。除了时代的、创作主体、楷书自身的原因以外,最根本的原因是沿袭摹拟之风甚浓,真正独创的作品太少。从整体上说,这一时期楷书艺术成就不高,没有产生如钟繇、二王、颜真卿这样的伟大书家和杰出作品。     

生物多样性的评估仍是一项艰巨的工作

根据现有的资料对中国和世界动物的种数作了一个初步的比较，无脊椎动的某些门类在中国有多少种目前还不清楚，如：鄂咽动物门Gnathostomula，腹毛动物门Gastrotricha，线形动物门Nematomorpha（部分），有爪动物门Onychophora和心鳃动物门Pterobranchia，此外，下列一些动物门类或其中的部分分类单元，在我国有关物种资源的知识也很贫乏，尚需要作进一步的深入研究，如：海绵动物门Porifera，中生动物门Metazoa,线虫动物门Nematoda，棘头动物门Acanthocephala，益虫动物门Echiura，须腕动物门Pogonophora，软体动物门Mollusca（部分），腕足动物门Branchiopoda，内肛动物门Entoprocta,缓步动物门Tardigrada,五口动物门Pentastoma,节肢动物门Arthropoda(部分）和肠鳃动物门Enteropneusta,本文还对受胁动物的状况进行了讨论，无疑地，森林的破坏和动物资源的过度开发是威胁物种多样性的主要因素，此外，水的污染和富营养化使许多动物，尤其是淡水无脊椎动物面临灭绝的危险，过去数十年间，我国的动物学工作者在分类学研究和野生动物的保护方面，尤其是对珍稀种，特有种和重要的经济种的保护方面作出了巨大的努力，但是，像我国这样一个多样性大国，尚有大量的物种有待调查研究和编目，在1996年IUCN（世界自然保护联盟）出版的《世界物种红色名录》中，中国只有5种无脊椎动物被列为受胁物种，仅占世界受胁物总的总数（1891种）的0．26％，占美国物种总数（594种）类，蛭类和涡虫类这样一些类群竞争没有列出一种是受胁的种类，像珊瑚的这样重要的类群没有列出一种灭绝种，仅仅列出2个易危种，由此，作者在文中强调指出，在物种多样性的调查，编目和红皮书的编写方面，今后的的重点应放到无脊椎动物这一个在生物多样性中占优势类群方面来。     

原子吸收光谱在人体及水分析中的应用

本文总结了人体及水中26种成分的测定方法,测定技术及实际应用.分析对象包括地表水、全血、血清、尿、胃液、人体组织等.测定成分包括Be、Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Co、Ni、Mo、V、Cd、Fe、Mn、Sr、Ba、K、Na、Ca、Mg、CuZn、As、Sb、Se、Sn、Bi、总汞、无机汞和有机汞等.采用的方法有直接火焰法.萃取火焰法、加热雾室火焰法、微量取样火焰法、石墨炉、钽舟、氢化法和冷原子吸收法等.     

地彩数字采矿软件应用及性能分析

主要阐述地彩数字化采矿软件系统在采矿工程中的应用及其性能分析.该软件系统专为井工煤矿开发,自建三维图形系统,与CAD兼容,具有网络运行、彩色三维、矢量化、实比例、动态虚拟现实、人-图对话等特点,使图形、数据、管理和监测四者合一.可实现自动计算储量,鼠标完成工程测量和设计,运输、供电、风流、风量动态描述,即时显示传感监测数据及视频图像,精确绘制剖面、平面和立体图等功能.     

我国机械化秸秆压块饲料技术发展前景与对策(综述)

介绍了机械化秸秆压块饲料技术使用的设备、工艺流程及其发展现状。从生态环境、经济效益、农民增收、原料取材、营养价值、饲喂贮运等方面阐述和分析了该技术的发展前景。就优化发展环境、探索新的经营模式、提高设备水平、加强配套技术研究等方面提出了发展对策。     

《老妇谭》中的人格三结构

弗洛伊德认为人格是包括了本我、自我和超我的一个整体。这三个部分互相影响,在不同的时间内,对个体行为产生不同的支配作用。《老妇谭》里康斯登斯一家,即:儿子、母亲、父亲,就代表着传统父权制社会一个家庭结构的三个层次。正是由于父亲这个"超我"角色对儿子"本我"这个角色的强权压制与左右,才让儿子满怀"厌父"情绪。母亲充当着"自我"的角色,她的调和很重要,但有时又显得软弱无力。     

H-空间内的重合点定理及其应用

作者在没有线性结构的 H-空间内证明了某些重合点定理,推广了江嘉禾,Lassonde,Park,Brow-der,Ben-El-Mechaiekh-Dequire-Granas,Simons,Ko-Tan 和 Takahashi 等人的结果。应用所得的重合点定理,证明了某些新的择一型定理和函数取值于 Riesz 空间的极小极大不等式,推广了 Fan,Park,Las-sonde,Browder,Kim,lohvidov,Bardaro-Ceppitelli 等人的相应结果.     

影响青少年短跑运动员放松的因素及训练方法研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验法及数理统计法等科研方法,以生理学、人体解剖学、心理学及运动生理学、运动心理学、运动生物化学、运动训练学等理论为基础,对影响青少年短跑运动员放松的因素进行了系统和多角度的研究,主要从训练学、心理学和社会学三个方面提出了相应的放松训练的方法.     

葛根黄连有效成分在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的：研究葛根有效成分葛根异黄酮和黄连有效成分黄连总生物碱伍用药效优于单用的药代动力学差异。方法：健康SD大鼠灌胃给予葛根异黄酮、黄连生物碱和葛根异黄酮黄连生物碱配比液(GH配比), 测定给药后不同时间点葛根素、大豆苷、小檗碱、巴马汀和黄连碱的药代动力学参数,比较单用葛根异黄酮、黄连总生物碱和伍用在体内的代谢过程。结果：葛根异黄酮黄连生物碱配比后由于各有效成分之间的相互作用,葛根素、大豆苷、小檗碱、巴马汀和黄连碱的最大血药浓度均降低,葛根素、大豆苷、巴马汀浓度达峰时间从单独给药时45 min延迟到60 min,小檗碱浓度达峰时间从单独给药时45 min缩短到30 min,,并延缓葛根素、大豆苷、小檗碱、巴马汀和黄连碱的代谢时间,使其在体内保留时间延长。结论：葛根异黄酮、黄连总生物碱配比后其有效成分代谢出现较大差异,可能在各有效成分在体内同时存在拮抗、协同或转化作用,从而导致药效差异。