煤粉喷吹使高炉风口磨损的预测模型

本文分析了喷吹煤粉对高炉风口的磨损机理，建立了预测风口磨损的数学模型，并对模型进行了求解，结果表明，风口因磨损而破损的寿命与喷吹量，风口材质，风口几何尺寸及热风速度等因素有关。     

多股流喷吹粉煤时高炉风口内粉煤浓度场分布

为了揭示改型前、后2种喷煤枪喷吹粉煤气-粒两相湍流流动过程的浓度场的分布,根据质量守恒、动量守恒、混合组分平衡的基本规律建立了高炉粉煤喷吹三维气-粒两相湍流流动过程数学模型,采用k-ε方程描述风口内气-粒两相的湍流流动,通过对Euler正交坐标下节点离散化方程的耦合关系分析求解,采有3组粒度不同的粉煤颗粒对喷枪改型前、后高炉风口湍流流动进行数值计算.计算结果表明随着粉煤颗粒粒度的增加,多股流喷枪对风口底面的低浓度特性明显,当粒度为100 μm时,喷枪对风口底面的浓度为单股流时浓度的(1)/(20);当粒度为75 μm时,为(1)/(10),当粒度为50 μm时,为(1)/(5),这与实验结果相吻合.     

高炉风口内多股流喷吹粉煤磨损数值模拟

根据风口内实际情况建立了具有普遍意义的高炉风口磨损量的数学模型.遵循质量守恒、动量守恒、混合组分平衡的基本规律,用k-ε方程描述风口内气-粒两相的湍流流动,并基于SIMPLE思想,通过对Euler正交坐标下节点离散化方程的耦合关系,对喷枪改型前后高炉风口内气-粒两相湍流流动进行了分析求解,然后根据风口壁面附近的速度场与浓度场的计算结果,采用风口磨损模型,预测风口壁面的磨损量.研究结果表明使用多股流喷吹粉煤,可使风口壁面在单位时间内的磨损量大大减少.     

高炉风口煤粉及回旋区焦炭燃烧过程数学模型

通过对高炉风口粉煤燃烧及回旋区焦炭燃烧过程中高炉工作环境的探讨,得出数值模拟的方法在喷煤高炉风口煤粉及回旋区焦炭燃烧研究中的必要性,回顾了前人应用数值模拟的实验方法在此方面的研究,总结出了煤粉喷吹过程气-粒两相湍流流动数学模型;煤粉挥发分热解及辐射传热数学模型;回旋区焦炭颗粒燃烧能量方程,最后提出了基于CCD技术的数值模拟边界条件设定的新构想.     

多股流粉煤--空气喷枪在圆管内射流三维微分方程的数值处理

通过使用质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒、混合组分平衡的基本规律,分析粉煤固体颗粒-空气的两相三维湍流流动、传热等现象而建立起封闭的通用控制方程并进对其进行离散化之后,如何采用适当的计算方法进行求解其离散化后的代数方程是相当关键的．本文推导的控制容积逐面叠加方法能使封闭的通用控制方程离散化后的七对角矩阵算法转化为同一层次上三个TDMA方法的串联相加求和,大大地简化了SIMPLE思想中的迭代过程,能快速求解互相耦合的气-固两相温度场、流场、压力场、浓度场,以便于进一步提高粉煤颗粒的燃烧效率,减少其对高炉风口的磨损．这在高炉喷吹粉煤气-固两相流动的三维数学模型的数值解法的实际计算中证明是非常有效的,将为高炉的风口的维护以及高炉的理论设计准备了必要条件．     

高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧过程的研究

本文模仿高炉风口前燃烧条件,用试验与计算方法,对喷吹煤粉燃烧速度进行研究,按假设条件建立了喷吹煤粉燃烧速度的数学模型,试验与计算结果基本接近,按高炉风口燃烧特性,将模型作了修正,得出了适合高炉喷吹条件下煤粉燃烧速度变化规律的数学模型,在均匀稳定喷吹情况下,高炉适宜的喷煤量应为140—160kg/吨铁。     

粒煤喷吹技术在1880m^3高炉的应用

本文研究了粒煤喷吹技术在1880m3高炉的应用。在我国,粒煤喷吹是现代高炉喷煤的一项新技术,同粉煤相比它具有工艺设备简单,投资少、效益高,应用前景广阔等优点。首先：粒煤喷吹对煤种的适应性强,特别适合烟煤,而且安全性较粉煤高,我国烟煤资源非常丰富且分布广泛、价格低廉;其次：采用粒煤喷吹技术在促进焦比降低的同时,还可以大幅度提高高炉生产率,这是因为粒煤在风口燃烧过程中对炉缸焦炭强度起到了一定的保护作用,从而使高炉炉况得到进一步改善,促进了高炉的稳定顺行。粒煤的制备是为高炉喷煤准备的,首先要满足高炉喷吹粒煤对煤粉的质量要求;其次要考虑为煤粉的顺利喷呔创造条件。本文对粒煤制备及喷吹环节目前存在的主要问题及处理措施进行了叙述,同时对粒煤在大中型高炉的应用前景进行了预测。     

高炉喷吹焦炉煤气风口回旋区的数学模拟

基于质量平衡和热量平衡理论,建立了高炉喷吹焦炉煤气风口回旋区数学模型,系统研究了焦炉煤气喷吹量对回旋区焦炭质量流量、理论燃烧温度、炉腹煤气量、炉腹煤气组成和回旋区形状的影响.研究表明:在维持高炉现有的基准操作不变的条件下,随着焦炉煤气喷吹量的增加,理论燃烧温度呈降低的趋势,而炉腹煤气量呈增加的趋势;为了维持理论燃烧温度和炉腹煤气量与基准操作一致,可通过降低风量和提高富氧率进行热补偿.热补偿后,随着焦炉煤气喷吹量的增加,焦炭质量流量呈上升趋势,炉腹煤气中还原气体积呈增加趋势,回旋区体积呈缩小趋势.每增加1 m3/s的焦炉煤气喷吹量,焦炭质量流量上升1.74%,炉腹煤气中还原气体积增加2.04%,...     

颗粒镁铁水脱硫率与镁利用率研究

通过对宣钢脱硫站77组生产数据进行多元线性回归得到了在单吹颗粒镁铁水脱硫时吨铁镁的消耗xMg(kg/t)、喷吹时间t(s)、铁水初始硫含量[%S]0、脱硫量xS、铁水温度T(K)和吨铁镁粒的喷吹速率VMg与脱硫率和镁的利用率的数学模型.通过对数学模型的研究发现:脱硫率随吨铁镁耗量、初始硫含量的增加而增加,随喷吹时间、温度和镁喷吹速率的增大而降低.镁利用率随吨铁镁耗量、喷吹时间及喷吹速率的增加而减少,随喷吹时间的延长、镁喷吹速率、铁液中初始硫含量及温度的升高而升高.在合适的吨铁镁消耗量的情况下,要提高脱硫率和镁利用率,应该在保障脱硫时间的前提下,降低吨铁镁喷吹速率,减少喷吹时间.     

喷吹煤粉中氯元素在高炉风口区域的反应

对煤粉中氯元素在高炉内反应进行了热力学分析,模拟高炉风口环境,研究了喷吹煤粉中的氯元素在风口区的反应和分配规律.结果表明,煤粉中氯在燃烧过程中以HCl形式析出.与常规燃烧过程不同,煤粉中氯元素在风口区的析出率仅为40%~60%,剩余的氯元素残留在未燃煤粉中.喷吹煤粉带入高炉的氯元素不论去向如何,均不利于高炉冶炼过程的顺利进行.建立生产现场煤粉氯含量检测制度,减少高炉煤气中氯元素的危害,提高炉渣的排氯能力是今后努力的方向.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that