Electromyographic responses elicited by cutaneous and mixed nerve stimulation in human tibialis anterior muscle

Summary The rectified and averaged myoelectrical responses of the anterior tibial muscle to stimulation of the posterior tibial, peroneal and sural nerves at the ankle were recorded during a weak isometric contraction in man. The stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve elicited two excitatory phases (short and long latency excitations) at 40 ms and 78 ms latencies, respectively, separated by a phase of reduced activity. With peroneal and sural nerve stimulation such triphasic responses were less consistent; only a monophasic inhibitory response occurred in some recordings. These results indicate that well-identifiable responses with distinct latencies can be obtained in human leg muscle with cutaneous and mixed nerve stimulation distal to the muscle.This work was supported by the Council of Physical Education and Sport (Ministry of Education), Finland.     

Lysosomal changes related to ageing and physical exercise in mouse cardiac and skeletal muscles

Summary Physical exercise increased the activities of arylsulphatase, cathepsin D and -glucuronidase in mouse skeletal muscle but not in cardiac muscle. Exercise-induced lysosomal response was more prominent in young adult than in senescent mice. The lipofuscin content of cardiac and skeletal muscles increased markedly during ageing and was also found to increase slightly after exertion in young mice, but not in senescent ones.This study was supported by the grants from the Ministry of Education and the Academy of Finland.     

Endurance training and antioxidants of lung

Mice and rats were adjusted to daily treadmill training programs, which were heavy enough to increase the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles. Endurance training did not affect the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of vitamin E in the lungs of mice and rats. Thus increased ventilation and oxygen utilization induced by exercise training do not modify lung antioxidants, in contrast to hyperoxia and hypoxia.     

Proteolytic capacity in mouse cardiac muscle following strenuous exercise

Summary Proteolytic capacity in mouse cardiac muscle was analyzed 1, 3, and 6 days after exhaustive intermittent or submaximal prolonged running. No significant changes were recorded in the activities of acid or alkaline proteases, -glucuronidase or trypsin inhibitor. Similarly, no changes were found in the rates of acid or neutral autolysis.Supported by grants (Nos 8840/78/77 and 8208/78/78) from the Ministry of Education and the Academy of Finland.     

In vivo lipolytic action of glucagon in brown adipose tissue of warm-acclimatized and cold-acclimatized rats

Summary Glucagon infusion caused a marked increase of brown fat venous FFA concentration, but the extent of increase was less in cold-acclimatized rats than in warm-acclimatized ones. Systemic venous FFA was not appreciably influenced by glucagon. Propanolol did not modify the changes induced by glucagon.The authors wish to thank the Novo Industri A/S for the gift of glucagon. — Address of Tomie Ohno: College of School Health, Hokkaido University of Education, Asahikawa 070 (Japan).     

Cardiac hypertrophy accelerated by left cervical sympathectomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary Cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats was accelerated by denervation of the left cervical sympathetic ganglia. Supersensitivity due to denervation may also exist in cardiac muscles.This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Education for 1980.     

T-cell leukemia induced by 1-propyl-1-nitrosourea in Fischer rats

Summary T-cell leukemia was induced at a high rate in female Fischer rats by continuous oral administration of 1-propyl-1-nitrosourea. No association of oncorna viruses were found in the leukemogenesis.The authors are greatly indebted to Professor K. Yokoro of the Department of Pathology, Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine & Biology, for his valuable suggestions. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.     

Evidence for no relationship of the pineal activity with the neonatal shrinkage of Leydig cells in the rat

Summary The collective volume of Leydig cells in prenatally pinealectomized newborn rats declined as sharply as in intact newborn rats. Also, the collective volume in pups born in the dark declined in a fashion similar to that in pups born in the light. The results indicate that neither the pineal gland nor the light is responsible for the neonatal shrinkage of Leydig cells.This study was supported in part by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (No. 548067) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.     

Effects of various hormones and adrenalectomy on the levels of amylase in rat pancreas and parotid gland

Summary Dexamethasone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroxine increased the amylase activities in both the pancreas and the parotid gland of infant rats. After adrenalectomy, the amylase activities of the pancreas and parotid gland were about half the control levels, suggesting that both glucocorticoid and thyroxine are involved in maintaining the amylase activities in these organs.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and culture, Japan, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan.     

Antidiuretic activities of substance P and its analogs

Summary Substance P (SP) and analogs, including 5 nucleoside (ARA or HRA)-peptides, were examined for antidiuretic activity in ethanolized rats. The activity was potent in the analogs embodying the C-terminal hexapeptide, weak in the nucleoside-pentapeptide, and negligible in the nucleoside-tetrapeptide. In addition, the activity was increased by acylation of the hexapeptide. The antidiuretic potencies were also compared with the hypotensive potencies.This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, and by a grant from the Imanaga Foundation, Nagoya, Japan.     

Inhibition of testicular androgenesis by urinary gonadotropin-inhibiting substances in rats

Summary The effect of urinary gonadotropin-inhibiting substances (GIS) on the androgen synthesis in rat testes was studied in vitro and in vivo. GIS, which was added to the incubation medium containing teased testicular tissues and injected into rats for 2 days, showed a suppressive effect on the formation of androstenedione from pregnenolone in the testis.Supported by a Scientific Research Grant from the Ministry of Education of Japan.     

Quantitative immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary The amount of tyrosine hydroxylase protein in the adrenal medulla, which was estimated by a quantitative immunofluorescence method, was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats at 4 and 16 weeks of age before and after the development of hypertension.This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan (No. 59570018). Reprint requests to I.N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fujita-Gakuen Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-11 (Japan).     

Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose,glucose and insulin on efferent activity in gastric vagus nerve

Summary Intracarotid injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and insulin increased the efferent activity in the gastric vagus nerve of anesthetized rats, while glucose injection transiently decreased vagus activity.This work was supported by research grant No. 212105 from The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.     

Arylsulphatase in growing bones of rat

Summary Soluble arylsulphatase purified from growing bones of rats was fractionated into 3 components with mol. wt of 32,000–36,000, and characteristics similar to arylsulphatase B of other tissues. Serum strongly inhibited the 2nd component, slightly activated the 3rd and had no effect on the 1st.Grants of the National Research Council for Medical Sciences and Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finland.Acknowledgement. The authors are grateful to Mrs P. Peronius for her skillful technical assistance.     

Effect of starvation and refeeding on catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in skeletal and cardiac muscles from 12-month-old rats

Summary Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in muscles from 12-month-old rats after severe starvation and after subsequent refeeding. Catalase increased in most muscles after starvation and decreased after refeeding, while SOD remained unchanged.This research was supported by the Science and Education Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture under grant No. 5901-0410-8-0014-0 from the Competitive Grants Office. We thank Dr Craig Frisk for advice in the care of the animals.Scientific Journal Series No. 11, 191, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Protective effect of native levan on endotoxin toxicity in mice and rats

Summary High polymer levan administered to mice and rats before the injection of endotoxin partly protects the animals from the lethal effects of the LPS.This study summarizes a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medical Sciences in the School of Continuing Medical Education of the Tel-Aviv University Sackler Medical School.     

Regression of granular pericytes in cerebral fine vessels of rats after administration of a vitamin E deficient diet

Summary Prolonged administration of a vitamin E deficient die to Wistar rats resulted in regressive changes in granular pericytes distributed around fine vessels of the cerebral cortex. The regressive signs included expansion of endoplasmic reticula, swelling of mitochondria and increase of vesicular structures. Rupture of the limiting membranes of the intracellular granules often accompanied these changes. The finding seems important for an understanding of the physiology and nutriology of granular pericytes in the brain.This study was supported in part by a grant in aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education of Japan (No. 448085).     

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in differentiation of duodenal epithelium of fetal rats in organ culture

Summary Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in the differentiation of duodenal epithelium of fetal rats was investigated by recombination experiments in vitro. The proportion of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium was significantly greater on recombination of developing duodenal epithelium with mesenchyme of the glandular stomach than on recombination with that of the duodenum. Mesenchyme of the glandular stomach or forestomach was better than duodenal mesenchyme in supporting morphogenesis of duodenal epithelium. Treatment of tissues with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) did not affect these tissue interactions.This work was supported by grants-in-aid for cancer research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Prof. T. Mizuno of the University of Tokyo for valuable suggestions.     

芬兰经济技术的跨越式发展及其启迪

本文通过对芬兰的实地考察和长期跟踪研究。比较深入地分析了芬兰经济技术实现跨越式发展的过程，研究总结了芬兰实行的经济政策和技术政策，指出了芬兰经济技术实现跨越式发展的模式，以及对后进国家发展经济技术的一些的启迪。     

Effect of exercise training on the chronotropic response of isolated rat atria to atropine

Summary Atria isolated from rats after 7 weeks of exercise training beat at a slower rate than did atria from sedentary controls. Atria from exercised rats showed a significant acceleration in response to atropie.This study was supported by a grant from the Genesee Valley Heart Association.