聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/羧甲基壳聚糖纳米复合水凝胶制备及响应性能

以羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAAm）为原料,采用粘土作为交联剂制备一种新型的纳米复合水凝胶（PNIPAAm/CMCS/Clay）,并对其进行表征.研究CMCS及粘土用量、水介质温度及pH值对该凝胶性能的影响.结果表明该凝胶具有明显的温度和pH值双响应性,溶胀度随CMCS的增加和粘土用量的减少而增大.     

温度敏感聚合物研究进展

温度敏感聚合物是指当环境温度发生变化时,其自身结构和理化性质发生突变的一种高分子化合物,是智能聚合物的一种;介绍了温度敏感聚合物的分类一般包含N-取代丙烯酰胺聚合物、双亲性嵌段共聚物和多肽三大类,并以聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAAm)为例,从其分子链官能团构成及温度变化时各自发挥的作用上,阐述了温度敏感聚合物的温敏机理;通过线性N-取代丙烯酰胺聚合物制备、N-取代丙烯酰胺水凝胶制备、N-取代丙烯酰胺接枝聚合物合成等论述了温度敏感聚合物的合成方法;并说明了其在药物控制释放、酶的固定化、色谱固定相的修饰等生命科学领域的应用。     

CS/PNIPAm基微凝胶的无皂乳液聚合机理及产物性质表征

由壳聚糖(CS)和单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)进行聚合反应,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用无皂乳液聚合(SEP)法在不同温度(50,60和70℃)下合成了CS/PNIPAm基微凝胶.反应过程中定时取样,采用动态光散射法(DLS)检测胶体粒子尺寸、多分散指数PDI和粒子尺寸分布随反应时间的变化,推测反应机理.采用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 HNMR)及DLS分别表征微凝胶的表面形貌、组成和化学结构及其温度和pH值响应性.测试结果表明:微凝胶粒径分布均一、具有核壳结构,组成中含有CS和PNIPAm及接枝共聚物CS-g-PNIPAm,产物具有温度和pH值响应性.     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/SiO_2纳米复合水凝胶的制备及性能

用一种简便、通用的方法,以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为单体,以修饰二氧化硅为交联剂和增强剂,制备出一种具有较高机械强度和良好温度响应性能的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/SiO_2PNIPAm/m-SiO_2纳米复合水凝胶.采用TEM、SEM、傅里叶变换红外光谱、万能实验机和差示扫描量热法,对水凝胶的结构、机械性能和热力学性能,进行了分析、测试和表征.研究结果表明:该复合水凝胶具有孔径均匀分布的三维网状结构(孔径约1μm)、高的机械强度(压缩强度可以达到8MPa)和良好的韧性,并在35℃左右具有明显的相转变行为(去溶胀性能).     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶微控阀的制备与性能

以毛细管(0.5 mm内径)为反应器,通过自由基聚合的方法合成了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)水凝胶.在自制的毛细管系统中分别测定了盐浓度、pH值、有机溶剂体积分数以及压力对PNIPAAm水凝胶的响应时间和相转变温度值的影响.结果表明:乙酸铵溶液浓度在0.05 mol/L以下、磷酸二氢钠溶液的pH值在3~11范围内、乙醇溶液的体积分数在5%以下和流体静压力低于1.96 kPa时,PNIPAAm水凝胶的响应时间及相转变温度值变化不大,该水凝胶可作为微流控系统中的微阀直接使用.     

壳聚糖/ZnO复合材料制备及表征

通过在壳聚糖(CS)溶液中掺入乙酸锌制备了Zn2+/CS复合膜,采用化学溶液沉积法,在Zn2+/CS复合膜上生长氧化锌(ZnO),并通过改变生长液的组成成分寻找其最简单、优化的试验方案.通过UV-Vis、XRD和SEM表征,对样品进行分析研究.结果表明,在Zn(NO)3.6H2 O和NaOH组成的化学溶液环境中,Zn2+/CS复合膜中的ZnO最易生长,在Zn2+/CS复合膜的表面首先形成了一层ZnO粒子膜,然后ZnO粒子长大成六角纤锌结构、没有明显的择优取向的ZnO棒.光学性能测试显示ZnO/壳聚糖复合材料具有良好的光致发光性能.电阻率的测定表明ZnO/壳聚糖复合材料是一种防静电材料.     

生物温敏性水凝胶的研究

采用明胶和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为原料,制备了配比不同的明胶/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(Gel/PNIPAM)水凝胶系列,研究了pH值、温度对水凝胶的溶胀度和溶胀速度的影响。结果表明,明胶/PNIPAM水凝胶对pH值、温度有明显的响应性,且随着组分中NIPAM配比的增加,水凝胶的温敏性明显增加;对水凝胶的溶胀动力学研究表明,体系配比对溶胀的影响与最低溶液临界温度(LCST)有关,当温度大于LCST时,溶胀速度及溶胀度随明胶含量的增加而增加,当温度低于LCST且配比为1/1(质量比)时,水凝胶的溶胀速度最大。     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)接枝聚丙烯多孔膜的油水分离及易清洗性能

以等离子体引发方法制备聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)接枝的聚丙烯(PP)多孔膜。在考察改性膜表面润湿及水通量温敏性的基础上,详细研究改性膜在处理乳化油废水时的油水分离及变温清洗性能。结果表明:因表面亲水性改善,改性膜在低临界溶解温度(LCST)以下油水分离时的通量衰减明显减缓,在LCST以上的稳定通量明显增大,油截留率超过了99%。经简单的变温(35℃/25℃)水清洗,污染膜的水通量恢复率达89.7%。PNIPAAm的体积相转变是改性膜表面易清洗的原因。     

腐植酸钠/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的合成及脱色性能研究

 以过硫酸铵为引发剂、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺单体和腐植酸钠为原料,用溶液聚合交联法合成了温敏腐植酸钠/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（SH/PNIPA）系列水凝胶。用红外光谱分析仪对其内部相互作用进行了研究,并用紫外可见分光光度计对水凝胶吸附-解吸亚甲基蓝的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明凝胶中SH与PNIPA形成了氢键;凝胶对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附和解吸能力受腐植酸钠的含量、亚甲基蓝的起始浓度和温度的影响; 每克干的SH0.03凝胶最大可吸附亚甲基蓝10.8 mg。     

聚(改性精氨酸/N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶敷料的制备与性能

以改性精氨酸(M-Arg)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,通过自由基共聚,并预载入抗菌剂洗必泰,制备出新型P(M-Arg/NIPAAm)系列水凝胶敷料.通过核磁共振(1 H NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了M-Arg的结构和水凝胶的表面形态结构;利用溶胀率测试、药物累计释放、抗菌测试研究了水凝胶敷料的溶胀及抗菌性能.研究结果表明:不同单体投料比合成的水凝胶敷料具有不同的温敏性;新型P(M-Arg/NIPAAm)水凝胶敷料具有良好的抗菌和药物缓释性能.     

热敏材料聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的结构对其溶胀性能影响

本文主要研究热敏材料聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 (PNIPAAm) 的结构对其溶胀性能影响。分别采用水热法和微波辐射法合成PNIPAAm热敏水凝胶，应用扫描电镜观察了两种合成方法制得的水凝胶的表面结构，测定了水凝胶随温度变化的溶胀率曲线及其溶胀和退溶胀动力学，并讨论了水凝胶的结构对其溶胀率的影响。结果表明：与水浴法制备的水凝胶相比，微波辐射法所得到的水凝胶无论是在干燥状态下还是溶胀状态下都具有更为丰富发达且较大的孔隙结构，在溶胀过程中，微波辐射法合成的水凝胶在临界溶解温度(LCST)以下具更高的溶胀率，而在LCST以上时，能更多地释放水而具有更低的溶胀率。此外，微波辐射所合成的水凝胶由于具有较为发达的孔隙结构，使其比水浴法制备的水凝胶具有更快的溶胀速度和退溶胀速度。     

PVDF-SiO_2中空纤维复合膜的制备和表征

采用相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)-二氧化硅(SiO2)中空纤维复合膜,讨论了纳米SiO2粒子对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热分析、材料试验、接触角测量和超滤实验分别对不同膜的微观结构、化学组成、热稳定性、机械强度、亲水性以及分离性能、抗污染能力进行了联合表征。结果表明:添加SiO2粒子有利于PVDF由α相向β相转变,复合膜的性能与纯PVDF膜相比有明显改善。当w(SiO2)=3%时,纳米颗粒分散较均匀,膜断裂强度为纯PVDF膜的2.7倍,纯水通量由81.6 L/(h.m2)提高到160.0 L/(h.m2),热稳定性、亲水性和抗污染性显著提高;但过高的SiO2含量(w3%)会引起纳米颗粒团聚而导致膜的各项指标下降。     

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite membranes blended with nano-crystalline cellulose

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membranes blended with nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) for ultrafiltration were prepared by a Loeb-Sourirajan (L-S) phase inversion process.The effects of NC...     

电纺聚-L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合物纳米纤维膜

利用静电纺丝法制备了生物可吸收聚-L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合物纳米纤维膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段研究了复合物纳米纤维膜的结构和形态,详细探讨电纺工艺条件对制备PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的形态影响.通过拉伸力学测试、噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)对复合物纳米纤维膜的力学性能和体外细胞相容性作了进一步研究.结果表明,PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的几何结构与电纺条件有关,随着聚合物溶液浓度增加、溶液流速增大,纤维直径有不同程度的增大;复合物纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量随β-TCP的含量增加而下降;复合物纳米纤维膜对L-929细胞系无细胞毒性,显示良好的细胞相容性.     

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Fiber Membrane for Medical Dressing

The antibacterial dressing prepared by the electrospinning can play a role in protecting the wound,preventing infection and promoting wound healing, and have broad application prospects. Chitosan( CS)/polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) blended fiber membrane was successfully prepared by electrospinning. The fiber morphology,thermal properties and material composition of CS/PVA blended fiber membrane were studied,and the interaction between CS and PVA was analyzed,and the optimum blend ratio was also determined. Then glutaraldehyde( GA) steam cross-linking of the blended fiber membrane was carried out in order to improve the water resistance of the fiber membrane. At the same time,the effect of different crosslinking time on the water resistance of fiber membrane was investigated. The apparent morphology of the fiber membrane was observed by a scanning electron microscope( SEM). The results showed that with the increase of spinning solution concentration,the morphology of the fiber became more and more regular,and the fiber diameter increased gradually. The intermolecular interaction between CS and PVA was found by Fourier transform infrared( FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal properties, which improved the spinnability of CS electrospinning. After crosslinking,the water resistance of the fiber membrane was greatly improved,among which the effect of 4 h crosslinking was the best,and the water resistance of the fiber membrane increased by 64.89%.     

Fabrication and Properties of Porous Film/Fabric Composites for Vascular Scaffold Application

A composite vascular scaffold combining textile reinforced structure and biodegradable polymer is introduced, which may possess high porosity and connectivity. Moreover, the porous size could be controlled. The proposed scaffold consists of a warp-knitted poly （ethylene terephthalate ） （PET） fabric with well-defined macropores, which is embedded with a porous biodegradable polymer membrane. The aim of this paper is to study the fabrication and properties of porous polymer membrane through optimizing the parameter of composite methods from freeze drying/particle leaching （ FD/PL ） and gas foaming/particle leaching （ GF/PL ）, subsequently combining with the warp-knitted fabric. Weighing method was utilized to analyze the porosity of the samples and the scanning electron microscope （SEM） images were taken to observe the porous structure of the vascular membrane. In addition, ,the static contact angle （CA） was measured to estimate the hydrophilicity of the samples, and the tensile testing of the composites was performed on the universal mechanical tester. Furthermore, the water permeability of the membrane was also calculated. The results showed that the porosity and pore connectivity of the vascular membrane were diverse, became of solution concentration, particle size, ratio of content, etc. Meanwhile, the stress-strain curves and the bursting strength showed the different mechanical properties among composite scaffolds in different structures.     

聚合物／BaTiO3复合材料动态力学性能研究

采用动态力学分析仪（ＤＭＡ）对聚合物／ＢａＴｉＯ３复合材料的动态力学性能进行了研究，并用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了复合材料的断面形貌。结果表明：聚合物的分子结构、结晶度和ＢａＴｉＯ３粒子的表面性质对复合材料的动态力学性能影响很大。ＬＬＤＰＥ／ＢａＴｉＯ３复合材料中存在网络结构，而ＢａＴｉＯ３粒子位于网络之中，这有利于动态模量的提高。     

K2Ti6O13晶须增强角蛋白膜的力学性能表征

以六钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)晶须作为增强体,制备了不同晶须质量分数和分散程度下的复合膜,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、强力仪和有限元分析(FEA)软件对复合膜的结构与性能进行考察.SEM观察结果表明,裂纹启裂于晶须头端与基体的界面处,可将复合膜断裂特征归纳为桥式短纤维破坏模型.力学试验结果表明,在晶须质量分数为3%且晶须分散均匀时,复合膜的综合力学性能最佳.对建立的二维细观结构有限元模型进行分析发现,有限元方法能够较好地解释微米晶须增强机理和复合膜失效机制.     

Polysaccharide separation mechanism in polysulfone-Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> magnetic composite membranes

Polysulfone (PSF)-Fe3O4 composite membranes were prepared by the phase-inversion process and their polysaccharide separation mechanism was explored using chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dextran. The mechanism was analyzed from constraints on the magnetic field and geometric deformation. It was found that variations in dextran rejection from 58% to 46% were mainly influenced by the geometric deformation of the composite membrane, while the magnetic field had a significant influence on variations in CS rejection from 82% to 35%. The results indicate that it is possible to continuously separate different types of polysaccharide with a composite membrane by adjusting the external magnetic field.     

Composite polymer electrolyte membranes supported by non-woven fabrics for lithium-ion polymer batteries

Since marketing in 1999, lithium-ion polymer batteryhas attracted great attention with its various merits such aslight weight, high energy density and good safety. Poly-mer electrolyte membrane, the key material for lith-ium-ion polymer battery, greatly influences the electro-chemical performances, and it is always among the fo-cuses of the lithium-ion polymer battery research field toprepare polymer gel electrolyte membranes of high ionicconductivity and good electrochemical stability[1]. …