火成侵入体对相邻烃源岩成熟度影响的模型研究

根据不同的岩浆侵入地层方式以及围岩内孔隙水是否发生气化建立了四种热传导模型,以苏格兰西北部Skye岛的辉绿岩岩墙为实例分别采用这四种热传导模型数值模拟了侵入体相邻泥质烃源岩有机质的成熟度。模拟结果显示:(1)岩浆的侵入方式能显著地影响热传导模型对侵入体围岩成熟度的预测,岩浆有限时间侵入方式的假设下热传导模型所预测的镜质体反射率(Ro)与假设岩浆瞬间侵入方式的模型相比,最大偏差处低2.13%～2.59%;(2)当岩浆侵入方式相同时,考虑孔隙水气化的模型预测的Ro普遍低于不考虑孔隙水气化的模型。孔隙水气化引起Ro的最大偏差达0.71%～0.91%,明显低于岩浆的侵入方式对围岩成熟度预测结果的影响;(3)不考虑围岩内孔隙水的气化且假设岩浆有限时间侵入地层的热传导模型所预测的Ro与实测值十分吻合,说明岩浆侵入方式应为有限时间侵入且围岩孔隙水的气化作用不显著,该模型是否适用于其他地区,还有待于进一步研究。     

惠民凹陷辉绿岩席对下伏烃源岩热影响模型研究

勘探发现渤海湾盆地惠民凹陷存在与火成岩席有关的油气藏.基于两种不同的热传导模型,数值模拟了该凹陷内一个孤立的辉绿岩席以及围岩的热演化,定量分析了岩席对下伏围岩的热影响.模拟结果表明:围岩孔隙水的汽化作用是影响岩浆-围岩热传输的重要因素,在孔隙水汽化的情况下,围岩经历的峰值温度比简单热传导模型低100℃左右;在热接触变质形成的角岩带内出现镜质体反射率的异常低值,无法通过常用公式计算围岩经历的峰值温度,但依据爆炸古温度方法得到的结果与热传输模拟结果一致,反映了该区域曾经历了高温(大于450℃)和高压环境.     

织物热湿传输机理模型研究

综述了织物的热湿传输机理模型的发展，介绍了服装面料的热湿传输过程；在此基础上，结合织物的传输特性，获得了以大气压力、湿分、温度为参数的三参数织物热湿传输模型。与现有的织物热湿传输模型不同，该模型从宏观上考虑了纤维的解吸等温特性对织物特性参数的影响，并且考虑到了毛细压力、重力、大气压力、蒸发凝结等作用下的气、液传输，以及气液流动、辐射对温度分布的影响。最后给出了一个算例，分析了其合理性。     

百色盆地田东坳陷热演化研究

百色盆地是一典型的第三纪走滑拉分盆地 .盆地虽小 ,但有机质含量丰富 ,储层发育 ,盖层条件较好 ,不足之处在于其热演化程度较低 .通过有机质镜质体反射率、磷灰岩裂变径迹和流体包裹体综合研究表明 ,该盆地最重要的构造单元田东坳陷热演化程度总体较低 ,仅那读组生油岩达到低熟 ,极少数为成熟 ,其他生油岩层未成熟 .田东坳陷热演化总的规律是 :从距今大约 55Ma开始 ,地层古地温随着坳陷沉降和沉积而逐步增加 ,并于距今大约 3 0～ 2 5Ma达到最大值 .然后随着地壳缓慢抬升 ,地层温度逐渐变冷 .热演化程度低是控制百色盆地油气远景较差的主要原因之一     

质子交换膜燃料电池电堆动态热传输模型

基于能量守恒原理建立了电堆的动态热传输模型，比较全面地考虑了影响电堆热传输的因素．仿真结果表明，在不考虑冷却且反应气体输入流量略大于负载电流所需流量情况下，随负载电流的增大电堆温度快速上升；当电堆电流为常数时，随着提高输入气体的流量，电堆温度由不稳定状态逐渐过渡到稳定状态，且稳定值随之下降；另外，当加入冷却系统后，可以充分保证电堆在较理想的温度下运行．模型仿真结果与实验数据能够较好吻合．     

复杂岩性沉积盆地油气演化的数学模型及其应用

对现有的油气演化数学模型进行了改进.并提出了复杂岩性地层剖面的回剥模型.利用这一模型.可以同时处理碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩两类剖面以及砂岩、泥岩、石灰岩、白云岩和膏盐五种岩类.把Falvey镜质体理论模型引入热史模拟中.从而使现在的热史模型可以在模拟热流史和地温史的同时.直接地模拟出烃源岩的R_0史.同时提出了组分产率曲线法这一新的生烃史模拟方法.它不仅可以模拟出烃源岩的生油史和生气史.而且还可以模拟出各烃类组分的生成史.利用这一组模型.可以对既有碳酸盐岩又有碎屑岩的复杂岩性沉积盆地中的油气演化进行模拟.该模型已成功地应用于鄂尔多斯地区古生界油气演化的模拟中.     

北乌斯丘尔特盆地构造及沉积演化规律研究

北乌斯丘尔特盆地为中亚地区西北部图兰平原上的大陆多旋回-克拉通盆地,盆地构造演化经历了基底形成期、被动边缘期、裂谷期、裂谷后期、挤压期、上第三系坳陷期6个阶段,区域性的构造演化控制了北乌盆地沉积格局的复杂变迁。总体上,盆地沉积环境经历了基底期(花岗岩、变质岩)→被动边缘期,晚泥盆世-石炭纪(海相)→裂谷期,晚二叠世-三叠纪(陆相)→裂谷后期,侏罗纪-白垩纪(海陆过渡、海相)→挤压期,始新世后期-中新世(海、陆相共存)→上第三系坳陷期,上新世-全新世时期(陆相)这些阶段的演变,最终导致了盆地海相、陆相和碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩等多种沉积环境及岩石类型并存的沉积建造。     

低温热年代学方法及其在叠合盆地构造-热演化研究中的应用

叠合盆地构造-热演化史是当前油气地质研究的重点和难点之一。近年来,低温热年代学测龄技术成为构造-热演化史研究的重要技术,多种测龄手段联用极大地拓宽了其应用范围。江汉平原区具有典型的叠合盆地特征,存在当阳复向斜等中新生代多旋回沉积埋藏区和京山地区等多期持续抬升区。在前一类地区,镜质体反射率记录、磷灰石裂变径迹和锆石裂变径迹等综合反映,该区具有"多段式"热历史,至少发生过2次地质事件,分别对应于侏罗纪-早白垩世后以及古近纪后的大规模构造抬升-地层剥蚀事件;在第二类地区,磷灰石裂变径迹、磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He测龄、裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He热史反演等综合反映,该区志留系在早白垩世以来先后经历了快-慢-较快的抬升冷却过程,分别对应于晚侏罗世末期-早白垩世地层大幅度抬升冷却、早白垩世-古近纪盆地拉张沉降和古近纪中期盆地内隆起抬升剥蚀事件。不同类型低温热年代学测龄指标可以有效反映沉积埋藏区地层沉降-古地温演化历史,再现多期持续剥蚀区地层冷却和构造抬升-剥蚀过程。     

沉积盆地的突变特征及尖点突变模型的应用研究

以云南第三系盆地为例 ,详细论述了沉积盆地构造、沉积的复杂多变性及成藏的特殊性。沉积盆地的复杂多变性使沉积盆地具有剖分性、平衡特征的复杂多变性以及不连续的突变性等特征 ,这些特征与尖点突变特征相似或相近 ,建立起与尖点突变模型的关系 ,并利用反映沉积盆地多种突变特征的地震反射序列来检测其是否突变和突变程度 ,从而 ,可获得沉积盆地结构和地层介质结构的变化情况以及油气分布。良好的应用效果表明 ,尖点突变模型为油气勘探提供了可靠的新方法技术。     

新疆三塘湖盆地构造-热史研究

目的以新疆三塘湖盆地为例,探讨复杂叠合盆地的盆地构造．热演化历程。方法多种热指标相互印证,采用Easy舶％模型进行热史反演。结果三塘湖盆地自晚古生代以来经历了海西、燕山、喜马拉雅期等多期不同构造运动的改造;盆地热演化相应划分为二叠纪的急速升温阶段, 三叠纪-早白垩世的缓慢降温阶段,第三纪至现今的基本稳定阶段;早-中二叠世地温梯度高达 4．4-5．2℃／hm,三叠纪一侏罗纪地温梯度3．12-3．93℃／hm,白垩纪以后地温梯度与现今地温梯度相差不大,2．2-2．8℃／hm。结论构造运动的发生期是盆地热体制发生转变的重要时期,此时盆地地温场发生变化,并影响到盆地有机质的演化。     

基于热模拟实验的富有机质泥页岩孔隙演化研究进展

富有机质泥页岩是非常规油气领域重要的研究对象,揭示其孔隙演化特征对于研究页岩油气赋存机理具有重要意义,并为页岩油气资源评价以及勘探开发提供参数。热模拟实验结合扫描电镜,气体吸附和高压压汞等实验技术手段可应用于泥页岩孔隙演化的研究。相比于开放体系和封闭体系,半封闭半开放实验体系的设计是更接近地下真实地质过程,其更适用于孔隙演化的研究。富有机质泥页岩孔隙演化是有机质和矿物在高温高压及流体等多因素长时间共同作用的结果,基于热模拟实验条件下总结归纳了富有机质泥页岩孔隙演化特征(有机孔和无机孔两个方面)、孔隙演化主要控制因素(有机质生烃作用,矿物转化和压实作用)以及孔隙演化模型。尽管热模拟实验实现了对同一泥页岩样品全孔隙演化阶段的研究,但孔隙演化的研究还不够系统,问题在于:泥页岩样品在热模拟实验高温高压条件下易碎裂,导致样品制备上的困难;热模拟实验温压条件很难模拟地下真实成岩和生烃的过程;热模拟实验成本较高导致其不能大量开展,因此得到的样品和孔隙相关参数的数据也不够充足。如何系统地研究富有机质泥页岩孔隙演化也正是未来需要关注和研究的重点。     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles： continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built： that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin,west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles: continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built: that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

Experiments on thermal fracture in rocks

The thermally induced fracturing appeared in the boundaries of mineral grains of rocks due to the different thermal expansion of different minerals while heating the rocks. When the microscopic fracturing connected like a network, the macroscopic permeability and the fluid transport properties of the rock changed remarkably. The implication of thermal fracturing to petroleum industry, earthquake process and transport modeling have been discussed.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles continuous subsldence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried.Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built that evolved fast in early stage,evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes,which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

焊接热效应对船舶动力学性能影响的有限元分析

采用有限元方法,从理论上推导了焊接热效应对船体结构动力学性能影响的有限元分析表达式,并通过典型算例的数值模拟论证了表达式的正确性,进而验证了焊接热效应对船体结构动力学性能的影响.从焊缝区域具有初始应力与应变的本构方程出发,应用虚功原理,推导出包含焊接热效应的有限元模态分析方程.以686TEU集装箱船为例,通过在大合拢缝横剖面上施加不同水平的名义焊接残余应力,运行船体结构模态分析并提取模态数据.与无焊接热效应时模态对比,船台大合拢缝的焊接热效应改变了同节点数的1阶固有频率.理论推导和数值模拟结果对船体振动控制具有一定的参考价值.     

煤中自由基热演化的模拟实验研究

有机质自由基的演化与温度有密切关系,因而可以作为古温标用于沉积盆地的热历史研究.利用36组热模拟实验得到了煤中自由基浓度与其镜质体反射率之间的关系,模拟实验的温度范围为300～550℃,模拟时间为30～480min.实验结果表明,煤中的自由基浓度随煤阶的增加而增大,大约在镜质体反射率为1.75%时达到最大值,随后自由基浓度开始下降.依据模拟实验得到的数据研究了煤中自由基浓度随时间和温度的变化关系,并建立了自由基浓度与时间—温度指数(TTI)的定量模式,该模式可以作为研究沉积盆地古地温的一种新方法.     

纺织品热湿传递中的交叉效应

讨论了在热湿同时传过程中Soret效应和Dufour效应的影响程度.实验证明,湿空气中热湿交叉效应的影响程度远远大于其它可无限溶混的非极性混合气体.实测所得的质导热系数KC测和热导质系数DT测要比原理论推算值大1～3个数量级.