树状聚合物功能化碳纳米管/钯纳米复合物的制备及其非酶葡萄糖传感应用

将树状聚合物(PAMAM)通过共价反应嫁接在羧基化碳纳米管(CNTs)表面后用于钯纳米粒子(Pd NPs)的原位沉积,制备成CNTs-PAMAM/Pd NPs复合物。通过壳聚糖包埋将制备的该钯纳米复合物用于玻碳电极的修饰,并通过交流阻抗法和循环伏安法对电极性能进行表征和优化,制备成可用于葡萄糖的安培检测的非酶电化学传感器。实验表明,在最佳实验条件下该传感器可在较短时间内(3 s)实现对葡萄糖的快速稳态安培响应,并可在从0.03 mmol/L至61.7 mmol/L较宽线性范围内实现对葡萄糖的准确测定,检出限为11.5μmol/L。该传感器成本低廉,性质稳定,且具有较好的选择性和重复性,因而在实际应用中具有较好的发展前景。     

Growth of graphite film over the tops of vertical carbon nanotubes using Ni/Ti/Si substrate

A substrate with Ni/Ti/Si structure was used to grow vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a graphite fihn over CNT tops by thermal chemical vapor deposition with CH₄ gas as carbon source. The carbon nanotubes and the substrate were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope for the morphologies, a transmission electron microscope for the microstructures, a Raman spectrograph for the ctystallinity, and an Auger electron spectrometer for the depth distribution of elements. The result shows that when the thickness ratio of Ni layer to Ti layer in substrate is about 1, a graphite film with relatively good quality can be formed on the CNT tops.     

碳纳米管薄膜电极电容去离子研究

采用低压化学气相沉积方法制备碳纳米管薄膜电极，研究碳纳米管薄膜的电容去离子行为.碳纳米管薄膜主要由中孔和部分大孔组成，适合电容去离子应用.详细研究了工作条件（流速、电压）和离子特性对碳纳米管薄膜电容去离子性能的影响.结果表明：电极电压越高，除盐率越高；存在一个最佳流速，此时除盐率最高；离子半径越小，电荷越小的离子，更容易吸附.     

碳纳米管的电化学储氢

用电化学方法使碳纳米管储氢,是把碳纳米管当作储氢负极,形成Ni MH电池·用碳纳米管与镍纳米粉做成负极试样,电解液采用KOH溶液·实验中,对Ni MH电池充放电的50个循环进行测试,通过测量电池的充放电容量和能量,来测量碳纳米管的储氢性能·测试过程由Arbin公司的BF 2043系列电池测试系统控制·实验表明,相对每克碳纳米管,当充电电流为120mA时,电池容量可达126 368mA·h·g-1,而且电池放电非常平稳,放电平台利用率高达97%·可见,碳纳米管是一种很有前途的储氢材料·本研究对利用碳纳米管制做储氢电池提供了实验依据·     

选择性湿法刻蚀制备内嵌碳纳米管的沟槽结构

提出一种“自下而上”的纳米结构的制备方法。在生长有碳纳米管的氧化硅表面沉积数纳米的钯金属膜后, 用氢氟酸刻蚀, 得到完全由碳纳米管引导的沟槽结构, 并且碳纳米管沿沟槽分布在其底部。通过导电原子力显微镜对沟槽内的碳纳米管的表征, 发现其仍然具有良好的导电性。在碳纳米管和钯金属膜之间增加一层磁控溅射沉积的氧化硅, 可以增加沟槽的深宽比。通过降低钯金属膜的致密程度, 沟槽的开口宽度可降至100 nm左右。该方法制备的结构可以进一步用来构建基于碳纳米管的纳电子器件。     

一步法电沉积钯铜二元金属纳米管(英文)

由钯和铜纳米颗粒组成得二元金属纳米管通过电沉积的方法在氧化铝模板中被制备出来.金属离子的扩散和沉积过程的竞争决定了最终的产物是纳米管或者是纳米线.在较高负电位下,其生长受扩散控制,金属离子在纳米管的边缘被消耗,形成的是纳米管结构.而在较低的负电位时形成的是纳米线.在硝酸根离子的电催化实验中,相比于薄膜,纳米管的催化性能受氢气析出的影响较小.在空气中放置6个月后,二元金属纳米管被氧化成均一相的氧化物纳米管.     

焊接时间对碳纳米管-Ti焊接效果的影响

利用高频超声波的软化效应焊接金属Ti上的碳纳米管,研究焊接时间对碳纳米管焊接效果的影响.结果表明,焊接时间太短,碳纳米管松散分布在Ti金属表面,不能与金属形成紧密接触;焊接时间过长,金属基体被破坏,同样达不到焊接要求.只有选择合适的焊接时间(0.1～10 s),才能使碳纳米管与Ti有效焊接,呈现较小的两端电阻.     

碳纳米管在碳纤维纸上的生长研究

采用酞菁铁(FePc)作为碳源和催化剂源,利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳纤维纸(CFP)上生长碳纳米管(CNTs),从而制备了碳纳米管/碳纤维纸复合材料,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)测试、X射线衍射(XRD)测试、接触角测试、电导率测试和孔隙率测试等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,碳纳米管能在碳纤维纸表面生长;表面生长碳纳米管后,碳纤维纸的疏水性、孔隙率和电导率均有所提高.     

CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子的制备及其催化性能

 采用液相化学沉积法制备CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子,考查了表面活性剂对产物形貌的影响,采用TEM、XRD、FT-IR等手段对产物的形貌和晶相结构进行表征。结果表明,在一定条件下,表面活性剂的“桥接”作用有效地改善了活性组分的负载,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂,以自制碳纳米管（CNTs）为载体,可以制备出负载均匀的CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子。探讨了活性组分CeO2在CNTs表面的负载机制,并在此基础上研究了所得样品在风化煤硝酸氧解制备腐植酸中的催化性能。催化结果表明,CeO2/CNTs纳米复合粒子的催化性能明显优于单纯的CeO2和CNTs的催化性能,能显著提高腐植酸的产率。     

Patterned deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on self-assembled monolayers

The excellent electro-mechanical properties and chemical stability of CNTs promise a prospective ap- plications in nanotechnology. For electronic applica- tions, CNTs have been proved successful in practice in producing components such as a junction and f…     

电泳沉积海藻酸钠/碳纳米管修饰高模碳纤维表面

采用纳米材料增加碳纤维(CF)的表面粗糙度及活性官能团,不仅可以改善CF增强复合材料的界面结合状态,而且不会对CF本体造成损伤,是一种极具发展潜力的新型CF表面改性手段。使用电泳沉积技术(EPD)将碳纳米管(CNTs)沉积在高模CF表面,然后与环氧树脂(EP)复合,制备了单向纤维增强层压板(CF/EP复合材料)。使用万能拉力机测试CF/EP复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS),结果表明,在电压为6 V时制备的CF/EP复合材料的ILSS为58.9 MPa,与未经EPD处理的CF/EP复合材料(ILSS=52.2 MPa)相比提高了12.8%。同时,通过EPD制备了海藻酸钠与CNTs共沉积修饰的高模CF,海藻酸钠的加入增加了CNTs与CF表面的黏附性及氧含量,提高了纤维表面对树脂基体的浸润性。当CNTs的质量浓度为0.3 mg/mL、海藻酸钠的质量浓度为1 mg/mL、EPD电压为8 V时,所制备的CF/EP复合材料的ILSS可达68.3 MPa,与未经EPD处理的CF/EP复合材料相比提高了30.8%。     

电泳沉积海藻酸钠/碳纳米管修饰高模碳纤维表面

采用纳米材料增加碳纤维（CF）的表面粗糙度及活性官能团,不仅可以改善CF增强复合材料的界面结合状态,而且不会对CF本体造成损伤,是一种极具发展潜力的新型CF表面改性手段。使用电泳沉积技术（EPD）将碳纳米管（CNTs）沉积在高模CF表面,然后与环氧树脂（EP）复合,制备了单向纤维增强层压板（CF/EP复合材料）。使用万能拉力机测试CF/EP复合材料的层间剪切强度（ILSS）,结果表明,在电压为6 V时制备的CF/EP复合材料的ILSS为58.9 MPa,与未经EPD处理的CF/EP复合材料（ILSS=52.2 MPa）相比提高了12.8%。同时,通过EPD制备了海藻酸钠与CNTs共沉积修饰的高模CF,海藻酸钠的加入增加了CNTs与CF表面的黏附性及氧含量,提高了纤维表面对树脂基体的浸润性。当CNTs的质量浓度为0.3 mg/mL、海藻酸钠的质量浓度为1 mg/mL、EPD电压为8 V时,所制备的CF/EP复合材料的ILSS可达68.3 MPa,与未经EPD处理的CF/EP复合材料相比提高了30.8%。     

催化剂、基底对ECR-CVD法制备碳纳米管的影响

采用电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术(ECR CVD),CH4和H2为气源,分别以Fe3O4,Co纳米粒子及Fe(NO)3溶胶为催化剂在多孔硅基底上制备了碳纳米管;在Si(111)和石英基底上以Fe3O4纳米粒子为催化剂实现了碳纳米管的生长·使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的形貌、尺寸及结构进行表征·讨论了催化剂和基底对碳纳米管形貌、密度和取向性的影响·结果表明:催化剂影响碳纳米管的成核密度和生长速度,基底通过影响催化剂的特性和分布均匀性,对碳纳米管的形貌和生长模式产生重要影响,以Fe3O4为催化剂在多孔硅上实现了碳纳米管的最优定向生长·     

Effects of Temperature and Catalyst Concentration on the Growth of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

The effects of preheating and pyrolysis temperatures and catalyst concentration on the synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes （CNTs） using ferrocene as the catalyst and xylene as the carbon source in chemical vapor deposition were experimentally studied. The as-grown aligned CNTs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The growth rate, the diameters, and the degree of crystal structure of the aligned CNTs were all found to depend on the preheating and pyrolysis temperatures and the catalyst concentration. The optimized conditions for the growth of aligned CNTs resulted in a rapid growth rate of 20.4 um/min, with the CNTs having a good, uniform crystal structure, and clean surfaces with little amorphous carbon. The results also show that higher preheating temperatures and lower ferrocene concentrations favor the growth of single-walled CNTs.     

三维互通CNTs/Cu复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

对CuCr合金粉末固溶时效处理之后进行预烧结,得到CuCr预压块。以此预压块为基底,采用化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）工艺和放电等离子烧结（sparking plasma sintering, SPS）工艺成功制备了三维互通的碳纳米管/铜（carbon nanotubes/Cu, CNTs/Cu）复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）,拉曼光谱仪等表征碳纳米管的微观组织结构,利用微拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,Cr作为催化剂,对碳纳米管的形貌影响很大,碳纳米管的质量也会对复合材料的力学性能产生影响。当Cr的质量分数为0.6%时,碳纳米管在铜基体表面均匀分布,CNTs/Cu复合材料的力学性能最佳。经SPS烧结和轧制之后,复合材料的导电率和屈服强度分别达到了82.4% IACS和349 MPa,断裂伸长率高达6.4%,这是由于CNTs的加入,起到了第二相强化的作用,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

气流控制的碳纳米管的定向生长研究

通过严格控制气流的方向和催化剂颗粒的密度,加以利用材料自身的重力作用,用热化学气相沉积（T-CVD）的方法在硅衬底上制备了长度可控且与衬底平行的碳纳米管（CNTs）。并研究了催化剂的厚度,生长时间和重力等因素对碳纳米管定向生长的影响。利用扫描电镜对制备的碳纳米管进行了表征。     

Microst ructure andflexural properties of carbon/ca rbon composite with in-situ grown carbon nanotube as secondary reinforcement

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in-situ grown in carbon felts using ferric chloride as catalyst and natural gas as carbon precursor via thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TGCVI). Subsequently, the carbon felts were densified to obtain CNT reinforced carbon/carbon (C/C) composites in the same furnace. Effects of CNTs on the microstructure and flexural property of C/C composites were investigated by polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and universal mechanical testing machine. The results of PLM observation and Raman analysis showed that CNTs have two-sided effects on the microstructure of pyrocarbon: the pyrocarbons in the region without CNTs show medium texture; while, in the region full of CNTs, the microstructure was low-textured or even isotropic though the TGCVD conditions would lead to the deposition of pure low texture pyrocarbons. Analysis based on stress-strain curves demonstrated that the flexural strength increased first and then decreased with the CNT content increasing. When the CNT content was 5.23 wt%, the flexural strength was maximum and had a nearly 35% improvement compared with pure C/C composite. Besides, after adding CNTs, the flexural modulus of the composites decreased and the ductility increased obviously, indicating CNTs can toughen C/C composites.     

Effect of nanoparticle (Pd, Pd/Pt, Ni) deposition on high temperature hydrogenation of Ti-V alloys in gaseous flow containing CO

The hydrogenation properties of Ti-V hydrides coated with nanoparticles have been studied in gaseous mixtures of argon and hydrogen with and without additions of 1% CO. Nanoparticles of Pd, Ni, and co-deposited Pd/Pt with particle sizes of ~30–60 nm were formed by electroless deposition on the hydride surfaces. The alloy resistance to CO could be significantly improved by particle deposition. Large amounts of hydrogen were absorbed in a CO-containing gas when Ni and Pd/Pt deposition had been applied, while pure Pd deposition had no positive effect. Ni was found to have a stronger effect than those of Pd/Pt and Pd, possibly because of the size effect of Ni nanoparticles.     

CNTs／PS和CNTs／PEE的制备及性能

通过溶液共混制备了不同碳纳米管(CNTs)质量分数的CNTs/聚苯乙烯(PS)、CNTs/聚醚酯(PEE)复合材料,研究CNTs对复合材料导电性能、力学性能的影响.CNTs的加入可以使复合材料的导电性能得到明显提高,CNTs/PS体系的电导率大于CNTs/PEE体系的电导率.随着CNTs质量分数的增加,CNTs/PS复合材料的断裂强度先增大后减小,在CNTs质量分数为1%时达到最大值,但CNTs/PEE的断裂强度随CNTs质量分数的增加逐渐下降,扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示CNTs在PS中的分散性稍好于在PEE中的分散性.     

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

To extend the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and explore novel aluminum matrix composites, CNTs were coated by molybdenum layers using metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and then Mo-coated CNT (Mo-CNT)/Al composites were prepared by the combination processes of powder mixing and spark plasma sintering. The influences of powder mixing and Mo-CNT content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated. The results show that magnetic stirring is better than mechanical milling for mixing the Mo-CNTs and Al powders. The electrical conductivity of the composites decreases with increasing Mo-CNT content. When the Mo-CNT content is 0.5wt%, the tensile strength and hardness of Mo-CNT/Al reach their maximum values. The tensile strength of 0.5wt% Mo-CNT/Al increases by 29.9%, while the electrical conductivity only decreases by 7.1%, relative to sintered pure Al. The phase analysis of Mo-CNT/Al composites reveals that there is no formation of Al carbide in the composites.