原子转移自由基聚合制备嵌段共聚物的研究进展

对原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法嵌段共聚物的合成进行了全面的综述。ATRP法嵌段共聚物的合成可分为三种方法:将ATRP得到的聚合物分离后作为大分子引发剂,引发第二单体的ATRP;端官能团聚合物末端化学改性后引入ATRP引发剂官能团,而后作为大分子引发剂引发第二单体的ATRP;其它活性聚合方法得到的活性聚合物链用带有官能团的化合物封端后作为大分子引发剂引发第二单体的ATRP。     

A－B－A型甲基丙烯酸酯嵌段聚物的合成

Ａ－Ｂ－Ａ型甲基丙烯酸酯嵌段聚物的合成戴李宗，郭金全，邹友思，姚青青，潘容华（化工系）以基团转移聚合法（ＧＴＰ）［１］和顺序加入单体技术，实现了甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）和甲基丙烯酸Ｃ７－９酯（Ｃ７－９ＭＡ）的嵌段活性聚合．采用双官能团引发剂，减少了单...     

ABA型嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

通过格氏反应制备1，1－二苯基乙烯（DPE），酰氯醇解法合成丙烯酸叔丁酯，以萘钠为引发剂，苯乙烯和丙烯酸叔丁酯为单体，采用顺序加料活性阴离子聚合法，合成了ABA型三嵌段共聚物，并对中间产物及产品进行傅立叶红外FTIR表征，结果表明，在0℃左右，以四氢呋喃为溶剂，DPE戴帽条件下，成功地合成了相对分子质量，嵌段组成均可控的ABA型聚丙烯酸叔丁酯－苯乙烯－丙烯酸叔丁酯嵌段共聚物。     

有机氨钙催化合成乙交酯ε-己内酯AB型嵌段共聚物

以有机配体氨钙为催化剂，采用分段加入聚合单体的方法，先合成具有活性的PCL，然后用PCL作为大分子引发剂，引发了乙交酯和ε-己内酯的开环聚合，形成了一系列乙交酯和ε-己内酯的AB型嵌段共聚物．用核磁、GPC、DSC及黏度法对嵌段共聚物进行了表征，确定了嵌段共聚物的结构．研究了嵌段共聚物的热力学性能和结晶性．     

两亲性三嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装行为

本研究采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法实现聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸叔丁酯、苯乙烯的聚合,合成出两亲性三嵌段PEO-PAA-PS共聚物。考察聚合过程中单体配比、引发剂、催化剂、反应温度等因素对两亲性三嵌段共聚物合成的影响,并得出最优的合成路线。探索两亲性三嵌段共聚物的在水中的自组装行为。考察共聚物结构和组成、共聚物浓度、共溶剂等对两亲性三嵌段共聚物自组装行为的影响。     

基团转移嵌段共聚规律及二元嵌段聚合物合成…

研究了各类单体基团转移聚合嵌段共聚的基本规律，发现当不同种类ＧＴＰ单体混合投料时，不能得到无规共聚物，只能得到活性最大单体的均聚物。嵌段共聚的合理加料顺序依次为：甲基丙烯酸酯类、丙烯酸酯类、丙烯腈。实验结果表明甲基丙烯酸酯类ＧＴＰ活性链端（１）比丙烯酸酯类ＧＴＰ活性链端（２）的引发活性高。而异构化失活的速度是２大于１。此外，还俣成和表征了一系列二元嵌段共聚物。     

聚乙烯醇-b-聚苯乙烯嵌段星形聚合物的制备

通过CCl₄调聚反应制备出了末端带有氯原子的聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc),进一步引发苯乙烯原子转移自由基聚合得到聚醋酸乙烯酯-b-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(PVAc-b-PSt),此嵌段共聚物与偶联剂二乙烯基苯反应后醇解,得到了聚乙烯醇-b-聚苯乙烯星形嵌段共聚物(PVA-b-PSt)_n。分别以GPC,¹H-NMR及FT-IR对各步反应产物进行了表征,聚醋酸乙烯酯比较完全地引发苯乙烯进行原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),聚合物相对分子质量与单体转化率呈线性关系,证明聚合过程为活性聚合;以二乙烯基苯偶联PVAc-b-PSt,得到了星形共聚物,并出现了星形共聚物之间的偶合;醇解过程进行比较完全,¹H-NMR及FT-IR谱图表明酯基团已较完全地转变成羟基。     

含偶氮苯的两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

将含有偶氮苯的基团引入到两亲性嵌段共聚物中以使其具有光响应特性.现合成了含偶氮苯的单体MA6AB2、大分子引发剂PEO-Br,然后通过原子转移自由基(ATRP)的方法合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PEO-b-PM6AB2,用核磁共振(NMR)、FTIR法对嵌段共聚物的结构进行了鉴定;用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对嵌段共聚物的分子量及其分布进行了测定;用紫外-可见光吸收光谱法考察了嵌段共聚物的光致顺反异构反应.结果表明,PEO-b-PM6AB2具有良好的光响应性.     

PMMA-PLA-PMMA三嵌段共聚物的制备

以双溴端聚乳酸(Br-PLA-Br)为引发剂,通过原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚乳酸-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA-PLA-PMMA)三嵌段共聚物。考察不同单体与引发剂比例对共聚产物相对分子质量的影响,结果表明:共聚产物相对分子质量随单体比例的增加呈线性增加及随时间延长而递增,但相对分子质量分布恒定,符合ATRP活性、可控聚合的特点。热分析结果表明:该共聚产物的热分解温度和玻璃化转变温度较之聚乳酸均有明显的提高,说明该嵌段共聚物提高了聚乳酸的热稳定性。     

Ce(IV)/PEO-NH2氧化还原引发体系制备聚丙烯腈-聚环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物的研究

首先利用阴离子聚合，合成了含有胺端基的大分子引发剂聚环氧乙烷（PEO－NH2），然后利用铈离子与聚环氧乙烷组成氧化还原引发体系，在水溶液中合成了聚丙烯腈与聚环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物（PAN－b-PEO)，通过FT－IR，NMR，GPC等分析测试确定了嵌段共聚物的生成，并对反应条件对聚合的影响进行了分析研究。结果表明，产率随着温度的升高而呈增加趋势；随着经发剂PEO－NH2含量的增加，产率开始呈增加，然后呈下降趋势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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