Analysis of EET on Ca increasing the melting point of Mg17Al12 phase

The present investigation showed that the additions of Ca to the alloy AZ91 were mainly dissolved into the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase and increased its melting point and thermal stability, which would have great effects on the high-temperature properties of AZ91 alloy. The empirical electron theory (EET) of solid and molecules was used to calculate the valence electron structures (VES) of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallic compound with and without Ca addition. The results showed that Ca dissolving in Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase increased the strength of bonds that control the thermal stability of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase. Additions of Ca also made the distribution of the valence electrons on the dominant bond network more uniform in the whole unit cell of Mg₁₇Al₁₂. The theoretical conclusions well account for the experimental results.     

High thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy for high pressure die casting ultrathin-walled components

With the rapid development of 3 C industries,the demand for high-thermal-conductivity magnesium alloys with high mechanical performance is increasing quickly.However,the thermal conductivities of most common Mg foundry alloys(such as Mg-9 wt%-lwt%Zn) are still relatively low.In this study,we developed a high-thermal-conductivity Mg-4 Al-4 Zn-4 RE-1 Ca(wt%,AZEX4441) alloy with good mechanical properties for ultrathin-walled cellphone components via high-pressure die casting(HPDC).The HPDC AZEX444...     

Al含量对AZ系镁合金燃点的影响

为了考察AZ系镁合金中不同Al含量对其初始熔化温度、燃点以及热解起燃时所处状态的影响,对镁合金初始熔化温度及燃点进行测试, 采用FESEM扫描电镜对实验镁合金组织及燃烧前合金表面形貌进行观察,采用XRD对合金进行物相分析.结果表明,AZ系镁合金中Al含量较低时对燃点的影响表现为,随Al含量的增加低温熔点相β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂生成并逐渐增多,引起合金初始熔化温度的下降,降低了合金的燃点.同时,纯Mg及AZ31镁合金是在固态下起燃的;AZ61和AZ80镁合金是在半固态下起燃的,但AZ80的固相率更低.此外,Al含量的增加有利于合金起燃前表面膜的连续性与完整性,减缓合金燃点降低.     

B和Gd复合微合金化对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射分析对添加微量B和稀土元素Gd的AZ91镁合金的显微组织及相组成进行了研究,并对其室温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,AZ91镁合金中添加Gd后,Gd与Al形成杆状或块状的Al_2Gd化合物相。含Gd的质量分数为1.0%时,铸态合金的拉伸强度为207.8 MPa,相对未加Gd时提升了27.9%。AZ91镁合金复合添加B和Gd后,合金组织发生明显的变化,在减少Gd含量的基础上添加B,可达到用微量B代替部分Gd对AZ91的强化效果。对比单一添加Gd的铸态AZ91镁合金,在达到相同力学性能的情况下,(B+Gd)复合微合金化的AZ91镁合金的Gd添加量质量分数降低了19%,从而降低了成本。     

SO2/CO2气体对纯镁及AZ91D合金的保护行为

为探究气体保护纯镁及镁合金免于氧化及燃烧的机制,研究了体积分数为3%SO2和97%CO2混合气体在非封闭熔化炉中对熔融纯镁及AZ91D合金的保护行为。借助具有能谱测定(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析了熔融纯镁及AZ91D合金表面膜的显微组织、化学成分及相组成。结果表明:在680℃AZ91D合金表面膜密集连续,其厚度约为2μm,而纯镁表面膜厚度约为1μm,混合气体对AZ91D合金的保护效果优于纯镁。两种熔体表面膜由MgO、MgS及少量单质C相组成。除AZ91D表面膜含有少量Al外,两种表面膜均含有S、C、O及Mg元素。     

Mg/Al异种材料瞬间液相过冷连接工艺研究

采用瞬间液相过冷连接工艺对AZ31镁合金和5083铝合金进行连接实验,研究保温扩散时间t2对焊缝微观组织及力学性能的影响。利用SEM,EDS,XRD和微观硬度计对接头剖面的微观组织和力学性能进行表征;在拉伸试验机上测试接头拉伸强度,利用SEM对断口形貌进行分析。研究结果表明:采用瞬间液相过冷连接工艺可以实现Mg/Al异种材料的有效连接;随着保温扩散时间t2的增加,接头的抗拉强度随之提高,当t2=30 min时,接头抗拉强度最高达到20.5 MPa;拉伸断口形貌具有明显的脆性断裂的特征,铝合金侧主要有解理面和撕裂棱组成,而镁合金侧属于典型的沿晶断裂形貌;在接头处形成MgAl,Mg2Al3,Mg0.44Al0.56和Mg17Al12金属间化合物,结合界面的微观维氏硬度最高达320。     

准晶对AZ91微观组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用普通铸造法制备含高体积分数准晶相的Mg-Zn-Y(MZY)准晶中间合金。经SEM,EDS、XRD检测和摩擦磨损试验,研究MZY准晶颗粒加入量对AZ91基体合金微观组织及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:MZY准晶颗粒可以明显细化AZ91合金的铸态组织,且骨骼状连续网状分布的β-Mg17Al12相断裂为弥散的岛状,合金的铸态组织中除α-Mg相、β-Mg17Al12相外还出现弥散分布在晶界处的高温稳定的Mg3Zn6Y准晶相;在不同载荷条件下,添加质量分数为6%的MZY准晶合金试样的摩擦因数由0.68减小至0.26,在100 N载荷下干摩擦30 min,其质量磨损量仅为基体合金质量的46.2%,磨损机理由基体的黏着摩擦转变为磨粒摩擦。     

Bi对AZ91镁合金时效析出动力学过程的影响

实验合金中Bi的加入量为0.5％～2％,合金在SF61％/CO     

Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

The effect of Gd/Al ratio on the properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys was investigated by changing the chemical composition from that of AZ61 to GZ61. At the ratio of 1, the Al2Gd phase becomes predominant and Mg17Al12 is hardly seen in the microstructure. As a potent inoculant, the Al2Gd phase resulted in intense grain refinement and enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness. For instance, the tensile strength and elongation to failure of Mg-3Gd-3Al-1Zn alloy were enhanced by ~4% and 180% compared with those of AZ61 alloy, respectively. However, at high Gd/Al ratios, the Al2Gd phase was replaced by (Mg,Al)3Gd and Mg5Gd phases and very large grain sizes were achieved, which led to poor tensile properties and the appearance of cleavage facets on the fracture surfaces. Therefore, it can be deduced that the presence of Gd and Al, in appropriate amounts to reach Gd/Al ratio of ~ 1, is required for the achievement of grain refinement, good ductility, high strength, and the appearance of ductile fracture surfaces in the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn system. Conclusively, the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys can be considered as a new class of structural magnesium alloy and it is superior to both AZ (Mg-Al-Zn) and GZ (Mg-Gd-Zn) series of alloys.     

热处理工艺对AZ80镁合金显微组织的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等分析手段研究了固溶时效及退火工艺对AZ80铸造镁合金显微组织的影响。结果表明,固溶处理可获得单相α-Mg固溶体组织;在随后的时效处理中β-Mg17Al12相以连续析出和不连续析出两种方式重新析出;在退火处理的缓慢冷却过程中β-Mg17Al12相以层片状形式析出;退火后的球化处理使层片状β-Mg17Al12相通过自身溶断的方式获得均匀细小的球状β-Mg17Al12相。     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

Mg-Al基合金加铋合金化对其力学性能的改善作用

研究了合金元素Ｂｉ对Ｍｇ－９Ａｌ－０．８Ｚｎ（ＡＺ９１）基合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明Ｂｉ质量分数超过０．５％时,基体中有富Ｂｉ的第二相颗粒形成,并随着Ｂｉ加入量的增多而增加,该颗粒相具有六方Ｄ５２结构,热稳定性较高,适量Ｂｉ的加入改善了合金的铸态组织,提高了合金的室温和高温强度,改善了抗蠕变性能,而塑性有所降低。     

过渡金属元素X(X=Ni,Ti,V)掺杂对Mg17Al12合金结构的影响

【目的】提高镁铝(Mg-Al)合金材料的储氢性能。【方法】基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,对过渡金属元素X(X=Ni,Ti,V)掺杂Mg_(17)Al_(12)合金体系的生成焓、电子结构、态密度、电荷密度等进行理论计算研究。【结果】过渡金属元素X替代合金中Mg元素的能量较低,其中Ni的掺杂性能较好;Ni的加入改善了Mg_(17)Al_(12)的储氢性能。且随着Ni浓度的升高,Mg_(17)Al_(12)合金的体积逐渐减小,总态密度峰值依次增大。【结论】过渡金属元素X(X=Ni,Ti,V)的掺杂可使镁铝合金的稳定性得到提升,与实验结果相符。     

铸造1060/AZ31包铝镁合金界面结构与显微组织

为探索和改善轧制包铝镁合金板的界面结合状况,用气体保护铸造法制备了1060铝板包覆AZ31镁合金铸锭．借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了复合铸锭芯材及界面的显微组织和相结构,并进行了硬度测试．发现AZ31镁合金芯材组织由α-Mg基体以及沿晶界分布的不连续网状α-Mg＋p＋Mg17A112共晶体组成,是一种典型的铸造离异共晶组织．铸造包铝镁合金锭界面形成扩散溶解层,扩散溶解层由α-Mg固溶体层、共晶层（α-Mg＋β＋Mg17A112）、β-Mg17A112及A1Mg化合物层组成,形成具有多层结构的冶金结合界面．提出了浇注AZ31熔体的瞬间在1060铝板表面形成“熔池”并快速凝固的界面形成机制．     

高压固溶处理对AZ91D铸造镁合金组织的影响

采用高压设备对AZ91D铸造镁合金进行高压固溶处理,研究高压固溶处理对AZ91D铸造镁合金组织的影响。研究结果表明,高压固溶处理可显著细化AZ91D铸造镁合金的晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸为58μm。同时,在晶粒内部,可见互相平行或交叉的孪晶,孪晶的厚度为1~5μm。高压固溶处理后的组织仍由α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12相组成,但是β-Mg17Al12相主要是以颗粒状分布于晶界。     

Effects of gadolinium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy

This research aims to study the significance of Gd addition (0wt%-2wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy. The effect of Gd addition on the microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mg-9Al alloy contained two phases, α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12. Alloying with Gd led to the emergence of a new rectangular-shaped phase, Al₂Gd. The grain size also decreased marginally upon Gd addition. The ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of Mg-9Al alloy increased by 23% and 19%, respectively, upon 1.5wt% Gd addition. We observed that, although Mg-9Al-2.0Gd alloy exhibited the smallest grain size (181 μm) and the highest dislocation density (5.1×1010 m-2) among the investigated compositions, the Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy displayed the best mechanical properties. This anomalous behavior was observed because the Al₂Gd phase was uniformly distributed and present in abundance in Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy, whereas it was coarsened and asymmetrically conglomerated in Mg-9Al-2.0Gd.     

Microstructure and tensile behavior of hot extruded AZ91 alloys at room temperature

AZ91 alloys were prepared by hot extrusion and its microstructure and tensile behavior at room temperature were investigated. Compared to as-cast ingot, the grain size of hot-extruded material is morerefined, the intermetallic phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ is broken and dispersed discontinuously. Both strength and elongation of AZ91 are improved by hotextrusion. Tensile behavior and fracture surface of the experimental material were studied. Due to the change in microstructure, the fracture mechanism of extruded material is different from that of as-cast ingot, the latter is mainly a brittle fracture. Ductile fracture plays arole in hot-extruded AZ91 failure at room temperature.     

Al-Mg-Sc合金的价电子结构计算

运用固体经验电子理论（EET）,计算掺微量Sc前后的Al-Mg合金的价电子结构,计算表明,Sc的掺入将引起Al-Sc,Mg-Sc原子的较强相互作用,形成了Al-Sc晶胞偏聚区,从而提供了Al3Sc相形成所需要的成分条件,由此导致析出大量的Al3Sc将有效地细化晶粒。     

快速凝固工艺对AZ91HP镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

通过铜模铸造制备快速凝固的AZ91HP镁合金.利用失重法及动电位极化曲线研究了常规铸造AZ91HP和快速凝固AZ91HP镁合金样品在NaCl腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性能;通过金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）分析了腐蚀后合金微观组织及相结构.结果表明,快速凝固的AZ91HP镁合金具有更好的耐腐蚀性能.其主要原因是经快速凝固工艺后：①β-Mg17Al12相近似连续地分布于细小的α-Mg晶界上;②合金的元素分布更加均匀;③合金显微缩松减少.     

复合添加Nd与B对AZ91镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了复合添加Nd和B对AZ91镁合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合添加B和Nd明显细化了α-Mg和β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。晶粒细化主要源自于AlB₂相作为α-Mg的异质形核衬底,添加的Nd细化了β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。扫描电镜分析表明,Al₂Nd和Mg₁₂Nd主要分布在晶界上,并且对合金力学性能起到了重要的促进作用。由于晶粒细化及热稳定相Al₂Nd和Mg₁₂Nd的存在,AZ91镁合金的常温力学性能得到大大改善。