Partial anhysteretic remanent magnetization （pARM） synthetic single- and multi-domain magnetites and its paleoenvironmental significance

In order to isolate magnetic signals carried by single-domain （SD） ferrimagnetic （FM） minerals from multi-domain （MD） FM minerals, we developed a few parameters using partial anhysteretic remanent magnetization （pARM）. Because MD fraction contains only soft （easy to be demagnetized） coercivity spectrum, pARM（〉20 mT） was sensitive in eliminating MD contributions. Ratio of pARM（5 mT, 10 mT）/pARM（0, 5 mT） is useful in quantifying a relative abundance of mass ratio between SD and MD fractions. These new proxies can quickly characterize the details of grain size distribution of magnetic minerals in paleoclimatic and paleomagnetic studies.     

Use of environmental magnetic measurements to characterize and correlate tephra-A case study in Iceland

A set of environmental magnetic parameters(i.e. magnetic susceptibility, xARM, IRMs, hysteresis loops and thermomagnetic curves) has been applied to two soil sections from SE Iceland. Results demonstrate that the main magnetic minerals in the tephras are ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g.magnetite) and canted antiferromagnetic minerals (e.g.haematite), with abundant paramagnetic material also present. Cross plots of Mrs/Ms vs. (B0)cr/(B0)c and xfd% vs.xARM/SIRM indicate that the main magnetic grain sizes in tephras are pseudo single domain (PSD) and multidomain(MD). Initial correlation of tephra layers was achieved, usingall the measured magnetic parameters, by use of the multi-variate statistical measures of Similarity Coefficient (SC) andEuclidean Distance (ED). This demonstrates that magnetictechniques can potentially assist in the identification andcorrelation of distal tephra.     

Magnetic records of Core MD77-181 in the Bay of Bengal and their paleoenvironmental implications

Located in the low latitude region of the northeastern Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal represents one of the largest marginal seas in the world. The Bengal Fan hosts erosional products mostly from Himalayas and is under the influence of the Indian monsoon system. The Bengal Fan has thus been one of the ideal places for studying the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the history of the Indian monsoon[1―8]. The intensity of the Indian monsoon is controlled by secular variations in insola- ti…     

徐州城市表层土壤的磁学特征

城市表层土壤由于受到人为活动的强烈影响而表现出与自然土壤不同的磁学特征.徐州城市表层土壤的环境磁学研究表明,表层土壤的磁学特征主要是由人为产生的多畴/单畴的亚铁磁性矿物主导;同时含有一定数量不完整的反铁磁性矿物的贡献.提取典型土壤样品中磁性矿物的SEM/EDX分析结果表明：人为产生的磁性矿物一般呈球形且粒径较大.柱状样品的磁学特征显示,人为输入的磁性矿物主要集中在表层0～30 cm范围,因此,0～30 cm表层土壤的磁学性质可以指示外源输入磁性矿物的压力强度.     

Environmental magnetic studies of lacustrine sediments

In recent decades, environmental magnetism has become an important method for studying past global climatic and environmental changes. For an environmental magnetic study, it is important to understand the magnetic properties, of various magnetic minerals in lacustrine sedimcuts and the processes involved in the formation, transport,and preservation of these magnetic minerals. The magnetic response of lacustrine sediments to climatic change may vary widely from lake to lake. To reconstruct the processes contributing to paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental change, it is, therefore, necessary to derive a complete understanding of the potential origin of the magnetic signal observed.     

Identification of the thick-layer greigite in sediments of the South Yellow Sea and its geological significances

Magnetic minerals in sediments of the continental shelf are sensitive to environmental changes. Therefore, to determine the exact phases of magnetic minerals is the prerequisite to investigate the paleoenvironmental significances. In this study, a comprehensive rock magnetic investigation, coupled with mineralogical studies, was carried out on the long core NHH01 （with a length of 125.64 m） from the central continental shelf of the South Yellow Sea. Single-domain greigite was identified as the dominant magnetic carrier in sediments between 44.90 and 51.80 m, and terrigenous magnetite is the major magnetic phase in the adjacent layers. The existence of greigite unambiguously indicates an anoxic environment. We tentatively interpreted that such an environment could be formed by the fast sea level changes, longexisting of the cold eddies during warm stages, or in a lake which might be related to locally tectonic uplifting. Therefore, the occurrence of the thicklayer greigite could supply a new perspective to paleoenvironmental or even tectonic studies.     

The magnetic properties of Serbian loess and its environmental significance

This paper reports a loess-paleosol sequence located in the Danube River basin,Serbia,which formed at least since the latest part of the early Pleistocene,and before the paleomagnetic B/M boundary.Various magnetic parameters of the Serbian V-L1-V-S4 loess-paleosol sequence have been measured and analyzed in the Titel Loess Plateau.These parameters show a very similar magnetic behavior compared with that of the Chinese loess.There is a general positive relationship between magnetic susceptibility() and pedogenesis.The main contributors to are the magnetic grains of SP(superparamagnetic) and SD(single domain) magnetic domains,while MD(multi domain) contributes only a small percentage.The difference in between loess and paleosol mainly is caused by pedogenesis.The very fine magnetic minerals increase gradually with increasing soil development(from loess to soil),and they lead to higher.The thermomagnetic curves show thatmagnetic minerals in the loess layers are magnetite and maghemite,both providing a major contribution to.In contrast the paleosol layers mainly are composed of magnetite,with almost no or a very small amount of maghemite,as implied by a reversible thermomagnetic behavior.This indicates that pedogenic conditions during V-S3 and V-S4 strong soil development have resulted in maghemite that is no longer stable,and has been resolved or converted to other stable phase minerals.This likely indicates that soil moisture during V-S3 and V-S4 development exceeded a critical condition of maghemite stability.     

Spatial and temporal variation in magnetic properties of street dust in Lanzhou City, China

Urban environmental problems are of increasing concern. Lanzhou is a large industrial city in Northwest China. Street dust samples representing different temporal and spatial scales were collected for magnetic properties study. Magnetic measurements indicate a high concentration of magnetic minerals in Lanzhou street dust, dominated by pseudo-single domain （PSD） magnetite. The concentration of magnetic materials is distinctly high in winter and spring, low in autumn. Similarly, higher concentrations associated with heavy industry, concentrated residential development, and vehicular traffic suggest mixed contributions of magnetic material from both anthropogenic and natural sources. XIf and SOFT% are effective magnetic parameters that denote seasonal differences among magnetic properties in street dust, convenient and economical methods for monitoring street dust pollution.     

Mineral magnetic properties of surface sediments at Bei’anhe, Beijing, and its environmental significance

A multiparameter investigation of surface sediments from the Bei＇anhe section （Beijing） has been conducted using environmental magnetic approaches. The studied sedimentary sequence consists of pluvial and lacustrine silts and clay of the Holocene age. Magnetite, hematite and pyrrhotite were identiffed as the dominant magnetic minerals. The mineral magnetic characteristics are considered to reflect the Holocene paleoenvironmental processes of the studied area, which are different from the mineral magnetic properties of typical polluted sections reported in the Beijing area. The low-field magnetic susceptibility and saturated isothermal remanence magnetization of the section decrease gradually with increasing depth. This indicates that the concentration of magnetic minerals in the strata decreases down the section. Values of interparametric ratios, such as ARM/SIRM, XARM/Xand SIRM/X, gradually increase with increasing depth, which indicates a down-section decreasing trend in the magnetic grain size of the sediments. Pyrrhotite occurs below the depth of 22 cm, suggesting the existence of redox interface. The magnetic variations of the Bei＇anhe surface sediments might be controlled by two geological processes： reductive diagenesis and pedogenesis. Our findings may have provided a reference point for magnetic investigation of polluted surface sediments in the Beijing area.     

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

The magnetic susceptibility of loess from the Ily Basin,northwestern China shows maximum values in S0 paleosols but minimum values in other paleosols,the mechanism of which has been well debated.In this work,systematic magnetic measurements were made on a representative section from Neleke county.The results show that the loess horizons(L1,L2 and L3) have multi-domain magnetite grains of aeolian origin,S0 is characterized by production of pedogenetic ultrafine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals,and the other paleosols(S1,S2,and S3) are characterized by the formation of nonferrimagnetic minerals associated with waterlogging.The correlation between the low concentration of ferrimagnets,high paramagnetic content,high magnetic coercivity remanence,fine ferrimagnetic grain size and intensified pedogenesis suggest two competing processes of pedogenetic enhancement and pedogenetic depletion in the lower paleosols.Pedogenetic depletion dominates and is responsible for the low susceptibility.Changes in magnetic grain size distribution occur during pedogenetic depletion.The susceptibility variations are of multiple origins in the loess of the Ily Basin.Pedogenetic enhancement,pedogenetic depletion,and allochthonous input of magnetic minerals should all be taken into account to explain the variations of magnetic parameters.     

长江中下游河流沉积物磁性特征初探

通过多参数磁性测量分析,探讨长江中下游干、支流河流沉积物的磁性特征,为研究长江水沙环境积累基础资料.研究结果表明,长江中下游干、支流河流沉积物中,磁性矿物类别均以磁铁矿为主,晶粒均以假单畴-多畴为主.与干流相比,支流沉积物中不完整反铁磁性物质含量较多,晶粒较细,Χ值仅是干流的1/10.随着支流泥沙的汇入,入江口以下江段沉积物的磁性特征相应发生变化.支流泥沙物源贡献的研究是探讨长江中下游干流沉积物环境特征的主要因子.     

含磁性非磁性金属插入层磁隧道结的隧穿特性研究

讨论了一种新型FM1/NM/FM/I/FM2磁性隧道结,该隧道结结构可获得高质量的I层,从而具有重要的应用价值.利用Slonezewski的自由电子模型和转移矩阵方法,对这种隧道结中的隧穿电导(TC)和隧穿磁电阻(TMR)与NM、FM层的厚度以及和势垒高度的关系进行了研究.同时还通过和FM1/NM/I/FM2型隧道结的相应结果的比较讨论了FM层在FM1/NM/FM/I/FM2磁性隧道结中的作用.     

恒定磁场对神经元延迟整流钾通道特性的影响

为了研究中等强度恒定磁场（静磁场）对神经细胞离子通道特性的影响,利用线圈及磁铁产生3mT、30mT和100mT的恒定磁场,作用于急性分离的小鼠额叶皮层锥体神经元,应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究其延迟整流钾通道特性．实验发现,中等强度恒定磁场使神经细胞延迟整流钾通道电流峰值减小．磁场作用可显著改变激活过程,使激活曲线的半数激活电压和斜率因子发生改变．结果表明,3mT、30mT和100mT恒定磁场可改变神经元延迟整流钾通道特性,从而影响神经元的生理功能．     

东鞍山贫铁矿石磁选预富集行为

针对东鞍山贫铁矿石(Fe质量分数34.60%)中含有赤铁矿、磁铁矿和少量的菱铁矿,提出了一种弱磁粗选-高梯度扫选的预富集工艺,并借助XRD、铁的化学物相分析及扫描电镜(SEM)考察了磁场强度和原料磨矿细度对东鞍山铁矿石预富集行为的影响.结果表明,在磨矿细度-0.074mm占70%(质量分数)、弱磁粗选磁场强度120mT、高梯度扫选Ⅰ磁场强度300mT及高梯度扫选Ⅱ磁场强度800mT的条件下,可获得Fe质量分数42.67%、回收率95.45%的预富集精矿;磁铁矿富集于弱磁粗选作业中,赤铁矿和菱铁矿在高梯度扫选作业中得到有效富集,尾矿中丢失的铁矿物主要为微细粒赤铁矿(＜10μm),由于受到的磁性捕获力弱而无法得到回收.     

Paleoclimatic significance of mineral magnetic properties of loess sediments in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Loess deposit in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau offers an excellent record of climate and environment changes in this region.We have conducted multiparameter mineral magnetic analyses of smaples of loess deposits from the Dongchuan,Lalakou and Panzishan sections.The methods used include magnetic susceptibility,fre-quency-dependent suceptibility,temperature-dependent susceptibility,isothermal remanent magnetization acquisibility.Maghemite and hematite is also present in the loess layers and paleosol horizons.The higher concentration of maghemite in paleosols suggests that the formation of maghemite occurred during in situ pedogenesis,which plays an important role in the enhancement of the magnetic susceptibitily.Similar to that in the Chinese Loess Plateau lying to the east of the Liupan Mountains,magnetic granulometry in the studied loess and paleosols is predominantly pseudo-single-domain(PSD). However,the mean grain-size of the ferrimagnetic minerals in loess is evidently coarser (larger PSD and multiomain-like) than in paleosols (mainly PSD).The magnetic susceptibility of loess and paleosols is positively correlated with the content of ultrafine magnet-ite/maghemite grains,and hence with the intensity of in situ pedogenesis.Therefore,the enhanced magnetic susceptibility in the studied loess-paleosol sequences can be interpreted as being due to climatically induced in situ pedogenesis.     

Magnetic Properties of Soils of the Ljubljana Basin Chronosequence, Slovenia

Pedogenic processes can explain the trends in magnetic susceptibility and soil magnetic mineralogy of the Ljubljana Basin chronosequence. The chronosequence formed in predominantly carbonate sandy gravel outwash terraces ranging from 5 to 1800 ka. Magnetic susceptibility enhancement can be attributed to the formation of secondary superparamagnetic (SP) and single domain (SD) ferrimagnetic minerals in eluvial horizons. Magnetic minerals that form in illuvial horizons are predominantly antiferromagnetic. Downward migration of pedogenic iron compounds with clay (formation of ferri-argillans) causes thickening of the enhanced zone with soil age. In contrast to other published soil chronosequence studies, magnetic susceptibility values do not increase with soil-age (duration of pedogenesis). Nevertheless, frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility (FD%) and indices such as maximum eluvial magnetic susceptibility (MS) divided by minimum illuvial MS (Max. E / Min. IX_(lf) and maximum eluvial MS minus minimum illuvial MS (Max. E -Min. IX_(lf)) increase with the logarithm of soil age suggesting that the magnetic mineral transformations continue with time, but that their rate decreases. These indices are useful for comparisons, and may be useful for age correlations. Hypothesis that magnetic susceptibility enhancement and precipitation have a positive correlation seems to be valid until the precipitation exceeds the critical value of 100-150 cm/year. The critical value in different settings may depend on the temperature regime and on the yearly distribution of precipitation.     

低温强磁场下Er3Ga5O12中Er3+离子基态的理论研究

用量子理论计算了单晶Er3 Ga5 O12（简写为ErGaG）石榴石的Er^3＋离子基态^4I 15／2的基本特性。在晶场作用下，Er^3＋离子的能级是二重简并的，劈裂的能级与晶场系数有关。在外加磁场的作用下，简并态消除，并且随着外磁场的增大，劈裂能级间距也增大。能级与能级之间出现了相互作用。当外磁场为零时，磁化强度为零，体现了ErGaG是顺磁材料。     

磁场处理对番茄种子活力及苗期长势的影响

研究了磁场处理番茄种子及育苗用营养土对种子活力、苗期长势的影响,结果表明,湿种子经磁场处理后,种子活力明显提高,根据种子活力及苗期长势初步确定番茄种子量侍者处理磁场的磁感应强度为２００ｍＴ和３００ｍＴ,处理时间１０ｍｉｎ,育苗土经磁场蝗对苗期长势同样具有明显的促进作用。     

Magnetic granulometry of recent sediments from the Huguang Maar and its implication for provenience

To understand the origin and its climatic implications of the Huguang Maar sediments, we conducted laser grain size analysis and rock mangtic measurement for the recent deposits from the Huguang Maar and for the volcanic rocks of the caldera for comparison. The grain size distributions are dominated by clayey silts for both the bulk sediments and magnetic separates. Acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and thermal demagnetization of IRM suggest (titano) magnetite as the dominating magnetic mineral in the sediments; high coercivity minerals are not detected. Therefore, the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (k _ARM) to the weak field magnetic susceptibility (k), k _ARM/k can be used to estimate the grain size of magnetite. The sediments and volcanic rocks yield values of 13.7 and 11.8 for the k _ARM/_k, respectively, corresponding to grain size values of ～0.03 µm and ～0.05 µm. The magnetic granulometry of lake sediments is distinctive from one of the Chinese loess, in which published data suggest a value of 6.0 for k _ARM/_k, and grain size of ～0.1 µm, but is akin to the nearby volcanic rocks. Although a Loess Plateau source of the lake sediments cannot be fully ruled out, the catchment is most probably the main source. We explain the slightly finer magnetite grain size in sediments than in the volcanic rocks as being disintegrated of particles during erosion and transportation. We conclude that there is no evidence for aeolian input of the Loess Plateau dusts into the Huguang Maar, and the relationship between magnetic parameters of the lake sediments and winter monsoon intensity is probably more complicated than previously thought.     

空穴阻挡层BCP对掺杂型有机发光二极管中磁电导效应的影响

通过在器件复合发光区附近插入空穴阻挡层BCP,制备了一种具有非平衡传输性能的荧光染料掺杂型发光二极管,其结构为ITO／CuPc／NPB／NPB：DCM（5wt％）／BCP／Alq3／LiF／Al,并在不同温度和电压下测量了器件的注入电流随外加磁场的变化（即磁电导效应）．实验结果表现为：当磁场处在0～40mT时,该非平衡发光器件的磁电导随磁场的增加而迅速增大（即表现为快变的正磁电导效应）．这一实验现象与具有相对平衡传输性能的发光器件中所观测到的磁电导效应一致;当磁场大于40mT时,非平衡发光器件的磁电导随磁场的进一步增加表现为缓慢下降（即缓变的负磁电导效应成分）,而平衡器件的磁电导则变为继续缓慢增加（即为缓变的正磁电导效应）．本文对非平衡传输掺杂型发光器件的体系特征进行了讨论,并基于三重态激子-电荷（T-Q）反应受外加磁场的影响对上述实验现象进行了定性解释．