基于改进SIFT算法的无人机遥感影像快速拼接

近几十年来,无人机遥感在地球观测领域发展十分迅速,然而,无人机影像快速拼接是阻碍其应用的难题.针对无人机遥感影像的特点与SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)拼接算法的缺点,该文提出了一种基于随机抽样一致性算法RANSAC(random sample consensus)和最小二乘匹配改进的SIFT影像拼接算法.首先采用随机采样法RANSAC进行粗略匹配数据的提纯,剔除伪特征点对,以减少特征点数量,降低时耗;然后再以最小二乘匹配进行更加精确的匹配,最终实现了无人机影像的自动拼接.实验结果表明：基于RANSAC和最小二乘匹配改进的SIFT拼接算法的平均正确匹配率为92.8%,拼接精度由1个像元提高到0.1个像元,同时拼接运算效率也得到了较大的提升.经改进的SIFT拼接算法在海量特征数据库中可以进行快速、准确的匹配、甚至可以达到实时的要求,具有更强的鲁棒性,可以满足低空遥感影像的相对定向高度自动化的需要,应用前景广阔.     

一种基于ORB算法的无人机影像匹配

针对无人机影像局部区域特征点探测难度大,导致无人机影像匹配效果不佳等问题,通过引入BEBLID算法构建高效的二值描述符,提升了影像匹配率。该算法首先采用ORB算法检测特征点,其次采用FLANN快速搜索筛选特征点,最后利用BEBLID描述符以及采用RANSAC算法剔除误匹配,从而实现了无人机影像的高精度匹配。试验结果表明:在保证有足够特征点对的前提下,将ORB+BEBLID算法应用于两组无人机影像匹配中,影像匹配率分别为81.97%和89.72%,相比ORB算法分别提高13.60%和9.90%。验证了ORB+BEBLID算法在无人机影像匹配中的有效性,获得的正确特征匹配点对冗余度低、全局性优。     

一种基于局部灰度匹配的无人机图像拼接算法

结合无人机图像的特点,开发了一种基于局部灰度匹配的图像拼接算法.根据无人机的飞行数据,对无人机图像进行预处理,缩小了特征点的搜索范围.然后利用图像的局部灰度算法,对提取的角特征点进行快速匹配.最后在运行速度以及特征点的匹配准确率等方面对算法进行了评价.试验结果表明,该算法较大幅度地提高了程序的运行速度,能够达到无人机图像处理的实时性的要求.该算法对无人机图像的工业化处理有帮助.     

应用于无人机视频影像密集匹配的特征描述方法

为了降低无人机视频影像密集匹配的消耗时间, 提高处理效率, 提出快速的特征描述和特征匹配方法。该方法首先利用Harris算子检测角点, 然后通过特征描述符simplified-DASIY(S-DASIY)对检测角点进行特征描述, 生成该点的25维特征描述符。根据相应的匹配准则对影像对特征点进行匹配, 得到影像对的匹配点。实验表明, 该方法能够显著减少特征点的生成和匹配时间。     

基于改进SIFT的无人机航拍图像快速匹配

针对无人机航拍图像快速匹配问题,传统的SIFT算法复杂度高,处理时间长,为了满足实时性的要求,提出一种改进的SIFT算法.首先将特征点的矩形区域改为圆形区域,对描述子进行降维,然后借助绝对距离和余弦相似度进行双重匹配,最后再通过RANSAC算法剔除误匹配点.实验证明,改进的SIFT算法在尺度缩放、旋转、光照等情况下均有良好的匹配效果,与原算法相比,在保证匹配精度的同时很好的提高了匹配速率,验证了算法的实时性、有效性.     

基于Harris-改进LBP的特征匹配及目标定位算法

为满足机器人伺服抓取中定位精度和实时性的要求, 提出一种基于Harris及改进局部二值模式(LBP)的特征匹配和目标定位快速算法. 首先采用Harris检测算法提取图像特征点; 然后提出一种新的特征点描述子定义方法, 先利用胡矩确定特征方向, 再根据特征方向对局部图像做标准化处理, 提取标准化局部图像LBP特征作为特征点描述子; 最后通过计算两张图像中各特征点描述子间的汉明距离实现特征匹配, 再根据匹配结果估计单应性矩阵, 定位目标在场景图像中的位置. 实验结果表明, 该算法匹配速度快、 定位精度高.     

基于改进SIFT算法的无人机影像匹配

针对SIFT算法特征描述符计算复杂、时间效率较低的问题,提出了一种改进的SIFT算法,并将其应用于无人机倾斜影像匹配.算法首先利用SIFT算法进行特征点检测,基于BRISK描述符对提取的特征点进行描述生成其特征描述符,并基于Hamming距离作为特征匹配的相似性测度,在此基础上,利用比值提纯法(NNDR)进行粗匹配,最后采用RANSAC算法并结合均方根误差(RMSE)进行约束,对粗匹配结果进行筛选,剔除错误匹配点对,得到精确匹配结果.为了验证该算法的有效性,利用4组无人机影像数据进行实验并与SIFT算法和SURF算法进行比较,结果表明:算法在保证较高准确率的同时能够得到亚像素级的精度,且能够有效地提升时间效率,具有较好的稳定性.     

基于优化ORB算法的图像角点特征匹配方法

针对传统ORB算法的图像角点特征匹配精度不高的问题,提出基于优化ORB算法的图像角点特征匹配方法;首先使用Shi-Tomasi算法检测图像角点特征,然后使用BRIEF和SURF相融合算法生成图像角点特征双描述子序列并使用随机投影原理进行降维,最后使用优化的匹配算法进行匹配,简称Shi-Tomasi-SURFORB算法,...     

一种基于特征表达的无人机影像匹配像对提取方法

针对无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV)影像三维重建中匹配像对提取适应性差、效率低、需准确的先验知识等问题,提出一种基于特征表达的无人机影像匹配像对提取方法。首先利用SiftGPU算法对一组无人机影像进行尺度不变特征转换(scale-invariant feature transform, SIFT)特征提取。其次,对SIFT特征向量集合构建分层词汇树,并分别计算各个影像与影像集中各影像的综合权重因子并按得分大小进行排序。最后,自适应计算影像检索阈值,得到最终的影像匹配像对。通过对不同地形地貌的无人机影像进行试验。实验结果表明:所提方法能快速、有效获取查询影像的匹配像对。与常规词汇树检索方法相比,查准率提高了19%～24%,查全率提高了17.4%～30.9%。尤其针对海量的无人机影像数据,所提方法具有更高的处理效率。     

融合颜色信息的尺度特征提取及匹配算法

实现有效三维重建的关键是将图像中的特征点检测并匹配,已有的算法中对特征点检测实效不高,特征描述子依赖灰度信息,导致匹配率不高。为了提高特征匹配率和时间,提出在尺度空间下提取Harris角点,对SIFT特征描述子进行颜色改进,对描述子进行二值化和主成分分析法降维,最后通过欧式距离作为相似形度量实现两幅图像特征向量的匹配。在MATLAB 2014平台进行3组图像测试,改进后的算法提取的特征点具备尺度不变形,特征点分布较SIFT均匀,特征匹配正确率均在90%以上,匹配时间优于对比算法,尤其对于灰度相似但色彩不同和灰度区别小的图像也维持了高匹配率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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