Effects of binders on the performance of electric double-layer capacitors of carbon nanotube electrodes

Polarizable electrodes of electric double layer capacitor (EDLCs) were made from carbon nanotubes. Effects of different binders, which are phenolic resin (PF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), on the properties of polarizable electrodes are studied. Results indicate that the microstructure, pore size distribution and specific capacitance of the electrodes with PTFE binder are superior to those electrodes with PF binder after carbonization. The suitable binder (PTFE) for carbon nanotubes electrodes is proposed.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Hydrogen storage of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (a-MWNTs),non-aligned MWNTs(n-MWNTs) and graphite electrodes are studied by the electro-chemical measurements .The electrodes are prepared by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) copper powder and ptfe binder in a weight ratio of 1:5:3 and compressing the mixture into porous nickel collector,The results show that the electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of the a-MWNT electrode is up to 1625 mAh/g corresponding to a high hydrogen storage of 5.7 wt% ,which is 10 times that of graphite electrode and is 13 times that of n-MWNT electrode, suggesting that a-MWNTs are promising materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage.     

镍氢电池负极新型粘合剂及其电极性能

研究了一种镍氢电池负极－金属氢化物电极新型粘合剂ＳＢＳ,测定了以ＳＢＳ为粘合剂的电极性能,并与ＰＴＦＥ和ＨＰＭＣ两种粘合剂进行了对比。研究结果表明：采用ＳＢＳ作粘合剂的电极的耐碱性和柔性优于其它粘合剂,其放电容量、放电电位、大电流放电能力、内阻、电催化活性等性能也较好,尤其是循环性能优良,有望成为一种比较理想的金属氢化物电极粘合剂;ＳＢＳ的最佳加入量为１％左右。     

碳纳米管改性的蜡基复合粘结剂

通过熔融共混将功能化的碳纳米管引入到蜡基粘结剂中,得到碳纳米管改性的复合粘结剂.扫描电镜(SEM)显微照片显示,功能化的碳纳米管能均匀分散在粘结剂基体中.偏光显微照片和热性能分析结果表明,碳纳米管的加入能有效地提高粘结剂的结晶度和热稳定性,进而改善生坯在脱脂时的保形性.碳纳米管与粘结剂的非共价键结合有助于碳纳米管的均匀分散,更可能有利于复合材料成型后的脱脂.     

Chemically robust carbon nanotube – PTFE superhydrophobic thin films with enhanced ability of wear resistance

A chemically robust superhydrophobic nanocomposite thin film with enhanced wear resistance is prepared from a composite comprising polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and carbon nanotubes.The superhydrophobic thin films with hierarchical structure are fabricated by spraying an environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion containing carbon nanotubes and PTFE resin on silicon wafer.Thin films with a contact angle of 154.1°± 2° and a sliding angle less than 2° remain superhydrophobic after abrading over 500 times under a pressure of 50 g/cm~2.The thin film is also extremely stable even under much stress conditions.To further the understanding of the enhancement of wear resistance,we investigated the formation of microsized structure and their effects.The growth of microbumps is caused by attracting solution droplet to the hydrophilic islands on hydrophobic surface.     

Synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes film and its light scattering property

TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of 10 nm and lengths up to 600 nm were fabricated by directly using commercial TiO2 powders P25 as the precursors via sonication-hydrothermal combination approach. TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometer （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, selected area electron diffraction pattern （SAED） and transmission elec- tron microscope （TEM）. The light scattering property of film electrodes modified with TiO2 nanotubes was studied and revealed that TiO2 nanotubes can be used as the light scattering centers to increase the light absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells. The TiO2 nanotubes film electrodes mixed with 10% small nanoparticles TiO2 had both strong light scattering property and fine mechanical characteristics, and this kind of electrodes can be used as electrodes in improving the conversion efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells.     

Effect of modified elastomeric binders on the electrochemical properties of silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon has been investigated intensively as a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The choice of a binder is very important to solve the problem of the large capacity fade observed along cycling. The effect of modified elastomeric binders on the electrochemical performance of crystalline nano-silicon powders was studied. Compared with the conventional binder (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)), Si electrodes using the elastomeric styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) combined binder show an improved cycling performance. The reversible capacity of the Si electrode with the SCMC/SBR binder is as high as 2221 mA·h/g for 30 cycles in a voltage window between 0.005 and 2 V. The structure changes from SEM images of the silicon electrodes with different binders were used to explore the property improvement.     

气体扩散电极制备条件与氧还原反应活性关系的研究

在改变催化层中聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、造孔剂含量和热压压力等条件下制备气体扩散电极,通过计时电位法、阴极极化曲线对气体扩散电极进行测定,并将其结果用最小二乘法拟合得出电极的制备条件与氧气还原反应电化学参数之间的关系。电化学测试结果表明,各种条件下制备的电极的阴极极化过程都符合Rho提出的半经验公式规律;当气体扩散电极催化层PTFE面密度3.33mg/cm²、造孔剂(NH₄)HCO₃面密度1.05mg/cm²以及热压压力3.69MPa时,气体扩散电极的氧还原活性最佳。     

Toward Rational Composite Electrodes for Improved Li Batteries

1 Results Although electrodes for lithium batteries are generally prepared with standard formulations and routine processing conditions,more and more studies report relationships between processing conditions,composite electrode morphology and electrochemical performance.In our previous work,we obtained a 50% increase of the cycling capacity of Li1.1V3O8 based electrodes after using a PEO binder which had been pre-plasticized by the solvent (ethylene carbonate (EC) propylene carbonate (PC)) of the liq...     

Pt—C／PTFE型气体扩散电极制备的研究

用热分解的方法制备Ｐｔ－Ｃ＝ＰＴＦＥ型气体扩散电极，及其他不同电催化剂的气体扩散电极，对其电化学活性进行对比。实验结果表明铂电催化剂的气体扩散电极的电化学活性优于铂－铈合金电催化剂的。     

Effect of heating rate on the electrochemical performance of MnO X @CNF nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers （CNFs） and MnOjc@CNF nanocomposites （MCNFs） are fabricated by electrospin- ning and investigated as free-standing electrodes for sup- ercapacitor. This work presents the effect of heating rate during carbonization on the electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared MCNFs electrodes in 6 mol/L KOH elec-trolyte. Results show that the MCNFs electrodes carbon- ized by relatively slower heating rate exhibit higher specific capacitance. The electronic conductivity of the slow heated MCNFs electrodes is better than that of the fast heated electrodes due to the better crystallinity of the MnOx nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon layers forming on the surface of the Mn-loaded CNFs. These MCNFs electrodes demonstrate elevated rate capability and improved cycling performance without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.     

单壁碳纳米管的超导电性

阐述了电弧法制备单壁碳纳米管以及在单壁碳纳米管内实现超导态的实验方法。对用电弧法制备碳纳米管的实验条件、实验过程和实验产物进行了讨论。此外，分析了用、接受诱导法”实现碳纳米管的超导电态的具体条件，即将单壁碳纳米管束或单个碳纳米管嵌放在两个超导电极之间，在一定的条件下，有可能在碳纳米管内诱导出超导电流，已有的实验显示碳纳米管内的超导电流的临界值较大，并表现出特殊的对温度和磁场的依赖性。“接近诱导法”打开了探索碳纳米管超导性质的大门。     

Dielectrophoretic assembly of carbon nanotubes and stability analysis

Nanoscale dimensions and remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them promising building blocks for nanoelectronics.One requirement is the need to manipulate single or multiple carbon nanotubes to bridge electronic conductors.In this paper,multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of sizes are assembled onto electrodes using alternative current electric felds by dielectrophoresis.The effect of the dielectrophoretic parameters and the nanotube size as well as the length uniformity on the assembly is experimentally investigated.Current–voltage characteristics of assembled carbon nanotubes are measured.The experimental results showed that both the dielectrophoretic parameters and length uniformity of carbon nanotubes have an infuence on the stability of assembly results.Choosing uniform carbon nanotubes with an appropriate length and suffcient stiffness,which are more controllable by dielectrophoresis,is necessary for an assembly of a small number of carbon nanotubes.     

Fenton试剂pH值对碳纳米管及其增强酚醛树脂/石墨复合材料性能的影响

以经过Fenton/UV处理的碳纳米管作为增强体,酚醛树脂/石墨作为基体,通过热模压成型得到一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料.研究了Fenton试剂预处理前pH值对碳纳米管及其增强的复合材料性能的影响.用红外光谱分析碳纳米管表面官能团的变化,用X射线衍射(XRD)对碳纳米管进行物相分析.结果表明,pH值为3时,碳纳米管...     

应用于超级电容器的碳纳米管电极的几个特点

为拓展碳纳米管的实际应用 ,对碳纳米管应用于超级电容器的电极材料的特点作了深入分析。碳纳米管电极具有独特的孔隙结构和高比表面积利用率 ;碳纳米管表面可以形成丰富的官能团 ,具有较好的吸附特性。此外 ,作者提出了采用酸处理或球磨工艺打断碳纳米管、提高其内腔利用率的方法。可以预料 ,碳纳米管在这一领域将得到广泛应用     

电解液栅型碳纳米管场效应晶体管的实验研究

由于碳纳米管具有独特的结构和性能,因而一直受到人们的关注.对于包括碳纳米管场效应管在内的分子元件的研究方面尤其令人注目.笔者研究了具有电解液栅的碳纳米管场效应晶体管,研究中所用的碳纳米管是用热灯丝化学气相沉积法(CVD)合成的.衬底材料是平面玻璃,Fe/Ni混合物用作催化剂.对具有Ag电极的多壁碳纳米管晶体管作了优化设计制造,并利用KCl溶液作为栅极.实验结果表明,电解液栅型碳纳米管晶体管(FET)呈现出良好的电流-电压特性曲线.在栅压2 V时,其跨导约为0.5 mA/V.并对获得的研究结果进行了讨论.     

Dependence of Mechanical Performance of Polytetrafluoroethylene Filament on Elongation of Dispersion Particles

The effect of elongation of particles in dispersion powders on mechanical performance of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) flat filament is analyzed. Morphology and elongation of particles in four different PTFE dispersion powders are analyzed. Meanwhile, the correlation between elongation and diameter of dispersion particles is discussed. Strength-elongation curves of PTFE flat filaments made of four different dispersion powders are obtained from measurements of mechanical behaviors. Experimental results show that PTFE flat filament manufactured with dispersion particles having appropriate elongation(0.55-0.60) shows excellent mechanical performance. This work could be regarded as a reference for manufacturing high performance PTFE flat filaments.     

Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors

Composites of carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers can be prepared via chemical synthesis, electrochemical deposition on preformed carbon nanotube electrodes, or by electrochemical co-deposition. The composites combine the large pseudocapacitance of the conducting polymers with the fast charging/discharging double-layer capacitance and excellent mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes. The electrochemically co-deposited composites are the most homogeneous and show an unusual interaction between the polymer and nanotubes, giving rise to a strengthened electron delocalisation and conjugation along the polymer chains. As a result they exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties and fast charge/discharge switching, making them promising electrode materials for high Dower suDercapacitors.     

掺杂LaNiO3型双功能氧电极的电化学性能

双功能氧电极的开发是二次空气电池的关键问题,以开发高性能的双功能氧电极为目的,制备了 LaNi1-yMyO3(M=Co,Fe;y=0,0．2)钙钛矿氧化物作为双功能氧电极的电催化剂,以活性碳为载体,聚四氟乙烯乳液为粘接剂制备双功能氧电极．采用三电极体系测试了氧电极的稳态极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱,并对其阴极极化和阳极极化的交流阻抗谱图进行分析．通过等效电路的拟合研究了该系列双功能氧电极氧还原反应的工作机理．结果表明,对于LaNiO3化合物,B位掺杂可显著提高催化剂的电催化性能,电极氧还原反应的极化主要由电荷转移反应和Nernstian扩散过程造成．     

真空中交流电压下聚合物沿面闪络前的发光特性

以聚四氟乙烯为例研究了交流电压下聚合物绝缘材料在真空中沿面闪络发生前的表面发光特性。观察到了两个明显不同的发光阶段：较低电压下的低发光量的稳定发光和稍高压下的剧烈，无规则的发光。