基于新型脉冲涡流传感器的裂纹缺陷定量检测技术

传统脉冲涡流检测技术采用反射型传感器,其通过一个圆柱形的激励线圈来产生激励磁场,采用检测线圈或霍尔传感器来检测扰动磁场,然而由于激励磁场要比缺陷引起的扰动磁场强很多,使得这种结构的传感器对缺陷的检测灵敏度不高,需采用差分的方法来增强缺陷信息.提出了一种新型脉冲涡流传感器,其通过采用矩形激励线圈来改变激励场的空间分布,使得无需差分就可以对缺陷进行定量.在分析该新型脉冲涡流传感器检测原理的基础上,采用仿真和实验相结合的方法研究了其对裂纹缺陷长度和深度进行定量的效果,仿真与实验结果相一致,证明了该传感器的有效性.     

脉冲涡流阵列探头与铝合金缺陷定量检测

针对航空铝合金试件体积较大的问题,建立了阵列式脉冲涡流探头有限元仿真模型,根据脉冲涡流趋肤效应及能量分布原理,设计了MAX038仿真模型产生激励信号并加载于阵列线圈上,通过优化线圈参数实现了试件缺陷的定量检测。结果表明,仿真模型激励信号加载于线圈上生成的磁场分布,与模拟激励相似但更接近实际情况。优化后的线圈提高了缺陷识别灵敏度和分辨率,在缺陷检测中表面缺陷宽度与特征信号峰值成正比,缺陷深度与特征信号峰值成指数关系。     

新型方向性自差分涡流传感器的仿真设计与研究

传统涡流检测技术采用一个圆柱形的激励线圈来产生激励磁场,通过用检测线圈来收集扰动磁场,然而由于激励线圈引起的磁场要比缺陷引起的扰动磁场强很多,这种结构的传感器对缺陷的检测灵敏度低,需采用差分的方法来获取缺陷信息。提出了一种新型涡流传感器,其通过采用矩形激励线圈来改变激励磁场的空间分布,使得无需采用差分方法就可以获得缺陷信息。在对新型传感器进行原理分析的基础上,仿真分析了其与传统传感器探头缺陷检测灵敏度之间的差异。并对传感器尺寸和激励频率进行了优化设计,最后验证了该新型传感器对缺陷长度的定量检测能力。仿真结果表明,该新型传感器具有较高的检测灵敏度和缺陷定量精度,为以后单激励多检测阵列涡流传感器的研究奠定了基础。     

基于脉冲涡流磁场梯度检测的多层金属结构层间腐蚀缺陷成像

多层金属结构常见于大型、复杂装备中,由于其恶劣的服役环境结构层间易出现腐蚀缺陷,严重影响在役装备结构的质量与安全。本研究通过仿真和试验研究,探究了脉冲涡流磁场梯度检测方法在多层金属结构层间腐蚀缺陷成像中的实现手段及优势性。建立了脉冲涡流磁场梯度检测的三维有限元模型,仿真分析了脉冲涡流磁场梯度检测方法在多层金属结构层间腐蚀缺陷成像中的有效性和优势性。搭建了脉冲涡流磁场梯度检测试验系统,对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明脉冲涡流磁场梯度检测方法可对多层金属结构层间腐蚀缺陷进行高精度成像。     

基于GMFM的脉冲涡流检测亚表面腐蚀缺陷成像技术

将磁场梯度测量技术和脉冲涡流检测技术有效融合,集中探究基于脉冲涡流磁场梯度信号的亚表面腐蚀缺陷成像手段及其优势性。首先,采用三维有限元仿真分析了脉冲涡流磁场梯度信号在亚表面腐蚀缺陷成像中的有效性和优势性,模拟仿真结果显示磁场梯度信号对于缺陷边缘的检测具有优势。基于模拟仿真结果,搭建了一套脉冲涡流检测实验系统,通过成像实验比较了基于两类信号的亚表面腐蚀缺陷扫描结果,并进一步研究了该类缺陷的成像技术。成像结果表明采用磁场梯度信号可实现对缺陷边缘的高效成像,基于磁场梯度测量的脉冲涡流检测技术较传统脉冲涡流检测技术,具有高效、高灵敏度的优势。     

脉冲涡流检测中参数影响的仿真分析与实验研究

脉冲涡流检测过程中传感器尺寸及激励参数对检测结果影响较大,对其进行优化设计可提高检测系统的性能。在分析矩形脉冲涡流传感器工作原理的基础上,采用ANSYS仿真软件建立了脉冲涡流的仿真模型,仿真分析了传感器尺寸变化对铝板中涡流衰减规律的影响,激励脉冲频率和占空比变化对缺陷检测灵敏度的影响,仿真结果表明:当激励线圈长度增加时,涡流在铝板中的衰减速度变慢,而当激励线圈宽度和高度增加时,涡流在铝板中的衰减速度变快;激励频率与占空比对缺陷检测灵敏度的影响与被测试件厚度有关,对于厚度较大的板材,应适当降低激励频率并提高占空比。最后采用实验的方法对仿真结果进行了验证,实验与仿真结果相一致,证明了仿真结论的正确性。     

基于脉冲激励的远场涡流检测机理及缺陷定量评估技术

脉冲激励信号包含非常丰富的频谱成分,以脉冲激励代替传统的正弦激励为克服远场涡流技术的不足提供了新的解决途径。在分析了脉冲激励下远场涡流检测机理的基础上,仿真分析了激励线圈和管道周围磁场和涡流的分布,得到了检测线圈处于不同场区时瞬态检测信号的变化规律,确定了远场区的范围。并从检测信号中提取了过零时间作为缺陷定量的特征量。最后,采用实验的方法验证了脉冲激励下的远场涡流技术对管道中轴向裂纹缺陷长度和深度的定量检测能力,实验结果表明该技术可以很好的实现对缺陷的定量评估。     

非磁性航空金属构件检测中 脉冲远场涡流传感器的仿真设计

在分析脉冲远场涡流检测原理的基础上,采用U型罩结构模拟管道,成功的将脉冲远场涡流技术应用到了非磁性金属平板的检测中；仿真设计了空心、聚磁、连通磁路3种传感器模型,比较了不同模型过渡区的远近、对缺陷检测的灵敏度及对不同厚度平板的检测能力.仿真结果表明:带连通磁路的传感器模型不仅可以将激励与检测线圈之间的距离从20 mm缩短至10 mm,还可以提高对缺陷检测的灵敏度,同时,带连通磁路的传感器模型对厚度为11 mm以上的平板具有更强的检测能力.     

脉冲远场涡流检测中磁场抑制技术研究

通过传感器结构的合理设计,脉冲远场涡流可用于飞机机身非磁性金属结构中缺陷的检测,但是,传统远场涡流信号微弱,检测灵敏度不高,因此,如何实现对远场涡流的磁场抑制与信号增强,从而改进和提高其检测能力是一个关键问题。本文从抑制远场涡流磁场直接耦合分量的角度出发,仿真设计了带有不同屏蔽结构的传感器模型,分析了不同材料的屏蔽效果,比较了不同模型的缺陷检测灵敏度以及对大厚度平板的检测能力。研究结果表明,基于高导磁材料屏蔽盘的连通磁路传感器对直接耦合分量具有较好的抑制作用,可以缩短过渡区,拉近激励与检测线圈间的距离,提高缺陷的检测灵敏度,其对非磁性平板的检测厚度可扩展至25mm。     

油气管道变形涡流检测线圈探头的有限元仿真分析

涡流测距法是油气管道变形检测的一种有效手段,该方法要求电涡流线圈探头的量程较大,以便检测器能够顺利通过管道的变形区域。为提高线圈探头在较远距离上的检测分辨率,利用有限元方法,在保持线圈探头上激励功率不变的条件下,对线圈探头产生磁场的空间分布进行了仿真,并研究了线圈探头的内外径之差、厚度和等效半径对检测分辨率的影响。仿真结果表明:线圈探头的内外径之差增加,其检测分辨率增加;线圈探头的厚度增加,其检测分辨率增加;线圈探头的等效半径增加,其在较远距离下的检测分辨率先增加后减小。试验结果表明:在保持激励功率不变的条件下,增加线圈探头的内外径之差和厚度确实能够提高传感器的检测分辨率和灵敏度,与仿真结果一致。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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