城市河流健康评价指标体系的不确定性研究

分析确立河流生态系统健康评价指标中不确定性因素存在的原因和种类,运用模糊层次分析法,建立基于不确定性的模糊层次综合评判模型,构建包含生态特征指标、整体功能性指标和社会环境影响指标3大要素的城市河流生态系统健康评价指标体系.以长沙市河流生态系统为例,按照"健康、较健康、一般病态、疾病"4级评价标准,进行健康评价.结果表明,湘江长沙段的健康状况(0.51)接近警戒值的下限,说明目前的生态环境中度退化.对生态系统恢复和管理具有理论指导意义.     

基于PSR模型的包头黄河湿地分区生态健康评价

在参考国内外湿地生态系统健康评价体系、包头黄河湿地现状和"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)模型的基础上,从人为压力、自然压力角度选取7个压力指标;从自然环境、生态特征、湿地功能等方面选取11个状态指标;在考虑了人类健康、法律法规、教育、管理等因素后选取7个响应指标,共选出25项指标,构建了包头黄河湿地的健康评价指标体系.根据包头黄河湿地各个片区的特殊性、差异性进行了分区域研究,由于各指标在不同片区指标之间的相对重要程度不一样,运用层次分析法分别计算各片区权重,然后,运用模糊综合评价法对包头黄河湿地5个片区及整个区域进行湿地生态系统健康评价.结果显示:包头黄河湿地生态系统的健康指数为0.587,处于亚健康状态.昭君岛片区处于健康状态,其他片区均处于亚健康状态.各片区健康指数排名次序为昭君岛小白河南海共中海敕勒川.湿地生态系统健康体现在压力、状态、响应三个方面综合效应上,退化湿地恢复要根据不同区域,不同类型的健康指数,采取不同的措施.     

基于生态完整性和社会服务功能的柏条河–府河河流健康评价

以成都市锦江流域典型河段柏条河–府河为研究对象, 从河流健康内涵出发, 选取生境特征、生物群落和社会服务三方面共16个指标, 建立满足河流生态系统完整性和社会服务功能的河流健康评价指标体系, 采用实地勘查、遥感、GIS和环境DNA等方法来定量化指标, 通过综合评价法分4个河段进行河流健康评价。结果表明, 各评价河段的河流健康评价指数范围为3.23~3.82, 处于亚健康水平。河流健康评价指数呈现从上游到下游沿程降低的趋势, 不同河段河流健康水平表现出的强空间异质性与人类活动相关。研究结果可为成都平原河流的可持续管理提供科学依据, 也为其他受人类活动影响的河流系统的健康评价提供方法。     

河流健康内涵及评价研究

河流健康与人类社会发展息息相关,河流健康问题的出现引起了国内外对河流健康的研究,不同的角度对河流健康内涵的理解与健康评价方法不同。本文提出对河流健康涵义理解存在的争议性问题,探讨分析河流健康、河流系统及河流生态系统间的相互关系,概括河流的两种属性与两种内涵。最后从评价内容和原理两个方面阐述河流健康评价的常用方法,针对河流健康评价的属性与方法总结河流健康评价的特点。     

浦阳江流域(浦江段)的河流生态系统健康评价

河流作为重要的生态系统,承担着人类生产生活的需要,浦阳江流域(浦江段)河流生态系统的健康状况,对维护流域的可持续发展有重要意义.本研究把河流荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)不同组分的荧光强度作为新型指标引入河流评价体系中,并基于河流水文、水体理化性质、水体重金属、河流生物5个层面选取23个指标,运用加权平均法和层次分析法(AHP),构建了浦阳江流域(浦江段)河流生态系统健康评价指标体系.评价结果表明,虽然该地区整体处于"亚健康"级别,但也有44.4%的地区处于"轻微病态"状态,河流存在轻度污染.水体理化指标与FDOM组分荧光强度指标间的相关性结果表明,类蛋白荧光峰D荧光强度与总氮和氨氮呈显著正相关(P0.05),相关系数分别为0.533和0.689,说明FDOM荧光强度可以一定程度表征水体的受污染状态.研究结果表明浦阳江流域(浦江段)存在水体重金属污染,主要是由于水生生物的生存环境遭到破坏,城市化和工业化影响严重等一系列问题影响了河流健康.     

湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系

在探讨生态系统健康概念构架的基础上,寻求生态系统健康整体性评价的合适指标.根据生态系统健康评价的目的和指标筛选的原则,在充分考虑湖泊生态系统实际情况的基础上,从湖泊生态特征、自然功能和社会环境3个方面的评价指标中筛选出23项指标,并给出每个指标的量化标准,得出了适合湖泊生态系统健康评价的指标体系.该指标体系是一个由目标层、子系统层和评价指标层构成的3层递阶层次结构指标体系.     

深圳市茅洲河河流生态系统健康评价

为探究茅洲河生态系统健康状况,通过2018年对茅洲河流域31个样点的水文、水质、地貌形态、水生生物和社会功能等指标所做的调研,运用层次分析法,建立河流健康评价体系,并对其健康状况进行评价.结果显示:在所调查的31个样点中,有19.35％ 为健康,61.29％ 为亚健康,16.13％为脆弱,3.23％为病态.茅洲河河流生...     

西藏水电开发对河流生态环境影响评价

为评价西藏水电开发对河流生态环境的影响,根据西藏地区独特的地理气候条件,结合当地社会经济发展特点,构建包含水环境、生态环境和社会环境3个方面22个要素的水电开发对河流生态环境影响评价指标体系。综合考虑多方面因素确定指标的分级标准;采用综合指数方法构建评价模型,将评价结果分为影响很小、影响较小、一定影响、影响较大、影响很大5个级别。满拉电站实例分析结果表明,水电开发对该电站影响很小,符合实际情况。     

广水河河流水质调查及健康评价

在充分调研分析国内外河流健康研究的基础上,建立了由15个评价指标构成的广水河河流健康评价指标体系,确定了河流健康状况的评价标准,将其健康水平划分为"很健康、健康、亚健康、不健康、病态"5个等级,运用AHP-综合指数法对广水河健康状况进行评价.结果表明:广水河健康综合指数为3.1963,健康状况总体处于亚健康水平.广水河的河流健康状况主要存在以下问题:水量和水资源承载力不足;部分河岸坍塌;水体污染,部分河段呈轻度富营养化状态;水土流失加剧而导致河床淤积;水生生物减少.根据评价结果及问题分析,提出了相应的保护及修复措施,为广水河流域的保护提供了可借鉴的决策依据,也对同类型的河流保护具有一定的指导意义.     

高原湿地滇池生态系统健康评估探讨

滇池是我国高原重要的淡水湖泊,对滇池湿地环境的恢复健康状况进行客观评价,为滇池环境的综合治理及其湿地生态系统的保护具有重要意义.根据滇池湿地生态系统的实际状况,从生态特征指标、综合功能指标、社会经济指标3大要素层选取15个相应的指标层,应用模糊综合评价法、层次分析法和专家打分法等方法确定评价标准.评价结果滇池湿地生态系统健康度为0.599 2,处于"亚健康"与"健康"之间状态,并对其影响因素进行分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has