超声辅助电催化氧化协同降解苯酚的研究

采用超声辅助电催化氧化法协同降解苯酚,考察电解质种类及浓度因素等对苯酚降解率的影响,利用高效液相色谱法分析苯酚的降解率.实验结果表明:NaCl和Na2SO4均可在一定程度上促进苯酚的降解,但NaCl(30.40%)作电解质时对苯酚的降解效果要明显优于Na2SO4(17.17%),且当NaCl电解液浓度在0.12~0.16mg/mL范围内时苯酚的降解效率最佳;超声波和电催化氧化两种降解技术同时进行具有很好的协同效应,降解率最高可达96.43%,实现真正意义上的1+12.     

渗透压对细菌的影响

在等渗溶液中,微生物正常生长繁殖;在高渗溶液中,细胞失水收缩,而水分为微生物生理生化反应所必需,失水会抑制其生长繁殖.根据不同盐质量分数下细菌的繁殖情况,可以判断渗透压对细菌的影响.用含不同质量分数NaCl的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基培养细菌来观察渗透压对细菌的影响,选用的菌种为金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌.大肠杆菌耐高渗透压的能力较差,在质量分数为3%以下的NaCl溶液中能正常生长,在5%的NaCl溶液中受到抑制;枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的耐盐能力,枯草芽孢杆菌在5%的NaCl溶液中能正常生长,在10%的NaCl溶液中受到抑制,而金黄色葡萄球菌在10%的NaCl溶液中仍能正常生长,在高于10%的NaCl溶液中生长受到抑制.     

TiO_2/AC粉末对苯酚的光催化降解

由TiCl4一步水解法制得粉状H2O2光催化剂TiO2/AC.讨论了不同条件下TiO2/AC对苯酚的降解效率.结果表明,当苯酚溶液的起始浓度为10mg/L,TiO2在TiO2/AC中的质量分数为95%,TiO2/AC的用量为30mg,H2O2的浓度为50mg/L,pH为5时,光催化剂对苯酚溶液的降解率最高.     

两株苯酚降解菌的降解特性及对比分析

采用驯化的方法从活性污泥中筛选分离得到两株高效苯酚降解菌XTT-1,XTT-3,均能在含苯酚的培养基中生长,初步鉴定均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp.).研究了两株菌降解苯酚的最适条件;XTT-3菌经48 h培养可完全降解500 mg.L-1苯酚,而XTT-1菌需要64 h;两株菌的苯酚耐受能力均不超过1000 mg.L-1苯酚;NaCl含量2.0%以上对两株菌的苯酚降解率有不同程度的抑制作用.     

不同NaCl含量、培养基和微量元素对分枝杆菌SP-3降解菲的影响研究

研究了分枝杆菌SP 3在不同NaCl含量、培养基和微量元素中降解菲的效果影响。结果表明,分枝杆菌SP 3在NaCl质量分数为1%时对菲的降解率达到最大,为87.41%;菌株在LB液体培养基、改良LB液体培养基和改良的无机盐液体培养基中对菲的降解率都达到了80%以上,三者之间无显著性差异;Fe2+、Zn2+浓度分别在100 μmol/L和5 μmol/L,Mg2+在100 μmol/L时,可以提高菌株对菲的降解能力,而Cu2+随着浓度的增加,能够抑制菌株对菲的降解。研究结果有助于该菌应用于多环芳烃降解的生物技术中,以提高菌株对菲等多环芳烃的降解能力。     

氯过氧化物酶与苯酚降解菌株的协同降解动力学研究

氯过氧化物酶(CPO)催化苯酚与H_2O_2发生过氧化反应生成邻苯二酚,能减轻苯酚对降解菌株的抑制作用,加快降解菌株对苯酚的生物降解.实验结果表明:在2 h内适量的H2O2存在时10 U/L的CPO可以使300 mg/L苯酚降解率达到67.85%,而CPO与降解菌株协同作用下苯酚降解率则可达到70.72%,比单一菌株降解率8.52%提高了62.2%.在降解体系中补充邻苯二酚进一步揭示了CPO氧化苯酚的中间产物有利于菌体细胞形成共基质效应,提高细胞的苯酚生物降解效率.降解动力学分析显示:在苯酚质量浓度为100~1 200 mg/L时,CPO与菌株协同降解体系的最大比降解速率qmax=0.000195 h-1,基质饱和常数Ks=1.0501 mg/L,基质抑制常数KI=5.1272 mg/L.     

从土壤中分离选育高效降酚菌

目的研究降酚菌的降解影响因素,诱变选育出高效苯酚降解菌,并确定此株高效菌的降解特性.方法从3种土样中分离纯化出一株能降解较高质量浓度苯酚的野生菌P4,通过菌落形态及显微镜观察作初步鉴定.采用紫外诱变的方法,从诱变后的正突变菌株中选取一株降解率最高且生长旺盛的菌株,命名为高效苯酚降解菌P4S,利用正交试验法测试其降解特性.结果初步鉴定野生菌株P4为酵母菌,该菌能在48 h内将800 mg/L的苯酚完全降解.经紫外诱变选育出的高效降酚菌P4S,能降解1 600 mg/L的苯酚,并可耐受1 700 mg/L的苯酚.由正交试验与验证性试验结果相比较,得出其在苯酚废水中的最佳降解条件为150 r/min,36℃,pH为6,生物投加量为5%,降解率可达85%.结论经诱变选育出的高效苯酚降解菌能降解更高质量浓度的苯酚,环境适应范围更广,更适用于实际生产.     

微波辅助H2O2降解水中苯酚的研究

对微波辅助H2O2降解水中苯酚进行研究,考察了不同因素对苯酚降解效果的影响.结果表明:微波辅助H2O2降解水中苯酚最佳降解条件为:对于100 mL浓度为50 mg·L-1的苯酚溶液,加入质量浓度为6%的H2O2溶液8.0 mL,在室温、微波功率500 W下,微波作用45 min,苯酚降解率可达88.76%.实验同时表明:微波与H2O2在降解苯酚时存在明显的协同效应.     

盐度升高对三种苯酚处理系统冲击的研究

高含盐废水能使常规生物处理系统处理性能下降、甚至崩溃.以苯酚为基质,对SBR处理系统(A)以及两种接触氧化处理系统B、C(其中B使用自制粉煤灰微孔填料,C使用自制微孔玻璃填料)抗盐度冲击能力的研究表明,盐度突然升高到3%会使A,B,C三种系统的苯酚去除率分别下降87%,68%和74%;但短时间内三种系统都能恢复到加盐前的处理水平.以降解速率变化为依据,使用微孔填料的B,C处理系统抗盐度冲击能力大于A系统,且B,C系统出水平均浊度低于5NTU.在NaCl含量0~150g.L-1下,苯酚生物降解速率对苯酚浓度均为0级反应,适当延长水力停留时间可以使苯酚完全去除.     

硅对盐胁迫下金丝小枣3种抗氧化酶的影响

以1年生金丝小枣嫁接苗为试材,研究硅对盆栽苗在盐胁迫下谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响.结果表明:在盐浓度(NaCl质量分数)小于0.4%时,SOD和GSH-Px的活性随着土壤含盐量的增加而增加,POD活性在NaCl质量分数为0.25%的盐胁迫下升高,在NaCl质量分数为0.4%的盐胁迫时下降;盐胁迫下加硅可以显著提高金丝小枣SOD、POD和GSH-Px的活性且差异显著.笔者认为盐胁迫下给土壤施硅可以缓解盐分对金丝小枣的毒害作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that