Influence of nanometric CeO2 coating on high temperature oxidation of Cr

Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of chromium and its superficially applied nanometric CeO₂ samples were studied at 900℃ in air. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electronic microscopy (HREM) were used to examine the morphology and micro-structure of oxide films. It was found that ceria addition greatly improved the anti-oxidation ability of Cr both in isothermal and cyclic oxidizing experiments. Acoustic emission (AE) technique was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide films, and AE signals were analyzed in time-domain and number-domain according to the related oxide fracture model. Laser Raman spectrometer was also used to study the stress status of oxide films formed on Cr with and without ceria. The main reason for the improvement in anti-oxidation of chromium was that ceria greatly reduced the growing speed and grain size of Cr₂O₃. This fine-grained Cr₂O₃ oxide film might have better high temperature plasticity and could relieve parts of compressive stress by means of creeping, and maintained the ridge character and relatively low internal stress level. Meanwhile, ceria application reduced the size and the number of interfacial defects, while remarkably enhanced the adhesive property of Cr₂O₃ oxide scale formed on Cr substrate.     

Influence of nanometric CeO_2 coating on high temperature oxidation of Cr

Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of chromium and its superficially applied nanometric CeO2 samples were studied at 900℃in air. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electronic microscopy (HREM) were used to examine the morphology and micro-structure of oxide films. It was found that ceria addition greatly improved the anti-oxidation ability of Cr both in isothermal and cyclic oxidizing experiments. Acoustic emission (AE) technique was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide films, and AE signals were analyzed in time-domain and number-domain according to the related oxide fracture model. Laser Raman spectrometer was also used to study the stress status of oxide films formed on Cr with and without ceria. The main reason for the improvement in anti-oxidation of chromium was that ceria greatly reduced the growing speed and grain size of Cr2O3. This fine-grained Cr2O3 oxide film might have better high temperature plasticity and could relieve parts of compressive stress by means of creeping, and maintained the ridge character and relatively low internal stress level. Meanwhile, ceria application reduced the size and the number of interfacial defects, while remarkably enhanced the adhesive property of Cr2O3 oxide scale formed on Cr substrate.     

CuO/CeO2催化剂在温度变动过程中的CO-PROX催化性能

采用浸渍方法制备不同Cu/Ce原子比的CuO/CeO₂催化剂,用于富氢气体中CO优先氧化反应(CO-PROX),考察其在温度变动情况下的催化性能. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)方法对反应前后催化剂样品进行了表征. XRD测试表明,催化反应后的催化剂中有金属Cu0生成. 这与文献结果一致. 与不含CO₂的情况比较,当模拟富氢气体中含有CO₂时,低温段催化活性明显下降. Cu/Ce原子比为10%的催化剂在温度变动过程中具有较稳定的催化性能.      

CeO_2纳米杆的制备与表征

在低温水热条件下,通过一步法合成二氧化铈纳米杆.采用XRD、SEM和TEM对合成的样品进行表征,并利用紫外线可见光谱仪对氧化铈纳米杆的抗紫外线能力进行检测.实验结果表明:用醋酸铈和磷酸氢钠制备的氧化铈纳米杆形貌比较细长,平均直径~10 nm,平均长度~400 nm,且生长方向沿着112方向生长;另外,氧化铈纳米杆有很宽的吸收波段和很强的吸收能力,可作为理想的紫外线屏蔽材料.     

CuO/CeO_2空心球的制备及其对CO的氧化性能研究(英文)

报道了一种利用PS模板制备CuO负载CeO_2空心球的简便方法。用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱吸等温线和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对CuO/CeO_2空心球的结构特征进行了表征。为了评价CuO/CeO_2空心球之间的催化性能差异,采用工业CeO_2和CeO_2空心球,H_2温度程序还原(H_2-TPR)和CO氧化试验。结果表明,合成的样品形貌好,比表面积大,纯度高。H_2-TPR分析表明,CuO/CeO_2空心球的还原性具有多种表面活性物。CuO掺杂的CeO_2空心球表现出比CeO_2空心球和商业CeO_2在CO氧化中的更好的性能,因为铜通过氧缺陷的增加和协同效应有效增强了样品对CO催化活性。     

尿素辅助模板法合成介孔氮掺杂CeO2及其CO2捕获应用研究

以硝酸铈为前驱物,以尿素为助剂,采用一种简单的模板法合成了介孔氮掺杂CeO₂材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、吸附-脱附仪(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等设备对合成材料进行表征.多种测试结果证明:试验得到的纳米材料具有均一的介孔结构和较高的比表面积(124.8 m²·g^-1)并掺杂了氮元素.同时,测定了介孔CeO₂材料对于CO₂的吸附性能,并研究了氮掺杂对CeO₂材料的CO₂吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相比未掺杂氮的介孔CeO₂,氮掺杂的介孔CeO₂具有更好的CO₂吸附性能和循环吸附脱附性能.     

CeO2/MgO的制备及催化生物质衍生物酯交换反应研究

通过共沉淀法制备合成了一系列不同摩尔比的复合金属氧化物(x)CeO_2/MgO(x=2.5, 6.5, 8.5),并应用于生物质衍生物的酯交换反应。通过XRD、BET、CO2-TPD对CeO_2/MgO表征,结果表明Ce/Mg为6.5具有最多能提供碱性位点的表面晶格氧,这使得其催化表现最佳。在最优反应条件下,反应时间8h、反应温度120℃、DMC/HMF、摩尔比6:1、催化剂用量5 wt.%, HMF酯收率达到了86%。     

介孔CoFe/CeO2催化剂CO2与甘油干重整制合成气的实验研究

利用生物柴油副产物甘油和CO₂干重整制取高附加值合成气，关键是高性能催化剂的选择和研究。通过胶体溶液燃烧法制备了CoFe/CeO₂催化剂，在固定床反应器中，温度范围650～800 ℃条件下，研究了CO₂与甘油干重整过程中的催化活性和稳定性。结果表明，胶体溶液燃烧法制备的CoFe/CeO₂催化剂具有典型的介孔结构，比表面积为33.4～40.8 m²/g，表现出了活性组分Co-Fe与载体CeO₂较强的相互作用。 7CoFeCe显示出了较好的干重整催化性能，750 ℃下甘油转化率达84.8%，CO₂转化率达19.9%。随着温度的升高，CO₂转化率提高，在800 ℃下，CO₂转化率达到了30.3%，表明高温有利于逆水汽变换反应。稳定性实验表明，介孔CoFe/CeO₂催化剂具有较好的干重整稳定性。     

CeO2(111)表面的氧物种对Au的活化吸附

采用第一性原理的经过库仑力修正的密度泛函方法,研究了CeO_2(111)表面不同氧空穴附近形成的不同的活性O_2物种.在此基础上,研究这些O_2物种对Au原子的吸附能力,得到过氧O_2-2对Au吸附能为1.8eV,吸附较强;超氧O-2对Au的吸附能为0.4eV,吸附较弱.研究结果为Au/CeO_2催化CO氧化提供了重要理论思路.     

一步法合成耐久性水基超疏水TiO2/DTMS涂层

为制备具有优异自清洁功能的耐久性水基超疏水涂层,以十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, DTMS)为有机改性物,通过一步法在纳米TiO₂表面嫁接长链烷基官能团得到超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层。分析了TiO₂涂层及TiO₂/DTMS涂层的表面润湿性、形貌和化学组成,并对所得超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层的自清洁性能、机械及化学稳定性进行了测试。结果表明：超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层表面水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)达到159°;以亚甲基蓝粉末作模拟污染物,涂覆有超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层的玻璃具有优异的自清洁性能;经机械磨损(10 min)、酸碱液(pH=1、3、5、7、9、11、13)浸泡、高低温(−20、30、60、90、120、150 ℃)处理后超疏水TiO₂/DTMS涂层的WCA仍大于150°,表明其具有优异的机械和化学稳定性,可用于室外防污,如建筑物外墙、玻璃、太阳能电池板等。     

Non-catalytic nucleation coating for undercooled Cu50Ni50 melt

A non-catalytic nucleation coating (B-F3) was prepared by the high temperature curing process of the sol-gel glass film based on the viscous flow mechanism of the coating. X-ray diffraction technology was adopted to study the crystallization behavior of the coating as a function of treating temperature. It was evident that no crystallization phenomenon happened on the coating which kept stable after the heat treatment of 60 min at 1773 K. The purified melt of Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ was selected to evaluate the effectiveness of undercooling heredity of the coating in the undercooling experiments. The maximum undercooling of the melt solidified in the coated mold could reach 236 K. Based on the solidified microstructural evolution at different undercoolings, a single crystal of the alloy Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ was achieved with no aid of the selection process of the crystal in the mold with the B-F3 coating by means of undercooling technology.     

电沉积-热解法制备的Al_2O_3薄膜的抗高温氧化性能研究

采用电沉积-热解法在304不锈钢表面沉积了Al2O3薄膜,研究了电解液浓度、电沉积电压对Al2O3薄膜900℃抗高温氧化性能的影响。表面宏观形貌、XRD分析、氧化增重和氧化膜剥落动力学曲线结果表明电沉积-热解法制备的Al2O3薄膜降低了氧化初期基体表面的氧分压,促进了选择氧化的发生,因此显著提高了304不锈钢的抗高温氧化性能。在电沉积电压为25V、硝酸铝酒精浓度为0.10mol/L条件下制备的Al2O3薄膜抗高温氧化性能最佳。     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

Effect of La2O3 on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ni-W coatings

In this paper, a Ni-W-La2O3 composite coating was prepared by the electrodeposition method. Microhardness tester and environmental scanning electron microscope equipped energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to investigate the microhardness and the surface morphology of the composite coatings respectively, and the high temperature friction behavior and corrosion resistance of the coatings against molten glass were investigated by using a high temperature tribometer. The results show that La2O3 can refine the microstructure effectively, and make the element distribution uniform, which leads to the increase of average microhardness. La2O3 particulates can reduce the friction coefficient between the composite coating and glass during the sliding process at about 973 K largely, and the corrosion resistance of the La2O3 added Ni-W coatings is effectively improved compared with that of the non-added one, furthermore the mechanism of friction-reducing and anti-corrosion is also discussed.     

Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

在氟化铵-乙二醇体系中,采用阳极氧化法在铁基体上制备Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列,然后以氟钛酸铵为钛源,利用水热法在Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列上负载TiO_2纳米片,制得Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等手段,对所制Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、物相结构及光催化性能进行表征,并分析Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米结构对亚甲基蓝的可见光降解能力。结果表明,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列具有良好的可见光响应;NH_4F浓度为0.4%、水热反应3h制备的Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合结构具有最佳的光催化性能,对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达90%。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

热处理温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce_(0.97)Co_(0.03)O_2薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在Si(100)衬底上制备了3%Co掺杂CeO2薄膜,研究了不同热处理温度对Ce0.97Co0.03O2薄膜结构和光学性质的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,3%Co掺杂CeO2薄膜为多晶薄膜,且未破坏CeO2原有的结构,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。椭偏光谱法研究表明,Ce0.97Co0.03O2薄膜的光学常数(折射率n、消光系数k)随着退火温度增加而增大,光学带隙Eg随退火温度增加而减小,这是薄膜结构随退火温度增加发生变化所致。     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

马克思的市民社会决定国家理论的形成,经历了一个思想交锋、自我批判、绵延提升直至最终导出唯物史观之创建的逻辑进程。马克思立足于《莱茵报》时期的感性经历,先后运用哲学、历史学和政治经济学的方法和知识对黑格尔理性国家观进行系统的理论清算,纠正了黑格尔的市民社会与国家关系的“历史错位”,首次确立了“社会本体论”原则。市民社会决定国家理论的形成是标志着唯物史观开始诞生的第一命题。分析马克思市民社会决定国家理论的发展脉络和演进逻辑,有利于澄清马克思市民社会理论与唯物史观的内在关联,科学评价市民社会理论在历史唯物主义中的历史地位。     

Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及其表征

以硝酸铁为铁源、硫酸钛为钛源,采用微乳液法制备Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂,并用SEM、FTIR、XRD、BET和甲基橙脱色率对复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,铁与钛的摩尔比为1∶3、煅烧温度为500℃以及煅烧时间为1.5h时,所制Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂疏松多孔、颗粒细小且热稳定性高,经紫外光照15min后,其对甲基橙的降解率为99.7%,与相同条件下制备的TiO2相比,Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂具有更好的光催化活性和更大的比表面积。     

Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂的制备及在酯交换反应中的研究

以松木为模板,采用模板法将不同含量的Al₂O₃添加到WO₃/ZrO₂复合氧化物中,采用X射线衍射、BET比表面积分析、拉曼光谱和NH₃等温吸附测试等手段对其进行表征,以评估其改进结果。将Al₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂应用到甲醇与乌桕油（非食用油）的酯交换反应中,在其他反应条件相同,Al₂O₃质量分数为3%时,生物柴油最高产率达到83.1%。结果表明：添加Al₂O₃稳定了ZrO₂的四方相结构,使得催化剂比表面积更大、孔数量增加;模板法制备的催化剂孔径分布均匀,WO₃呈高度分散无定型状态;引入Al₂O₃增加了WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂的中强酸性,对弱酸性和强酸性无明显改变。