THE DEINKING OF NON-IMPACT PRINTED PAPER BY COMBINING ENZYME WITH MECHANICAL ACTION

We studied an enzymatic deinking process of non-impact printed paper which was carried out in batch equipment, similar to Valley beater. The equipment can provide suitable forces to cause toner separation from fiber rather than fiber damage. The factors that influenced the deinking efficiency included beating time, pressure between rotating bars and bottom bars, enzyme properties such as dosage,cellulase activity, temperature, pH, etc. Beating time and enzyme type and enzyme dosage was investigated in detail. The deinked pulp was brighter and cleaner. The drainage property also can be controlled by adjusting enzyme dosage and mechanical action strength. Combining enzyme with mechanical action provides the best deinking effects,not enzyme alone. In the meantime, mechanism of enzymatic deinking was discussed depending on the deinked pulp properties.     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF OLD NEWSPRINT WITH CELLULASES AND XYLANASE

The enzymatic deinking and fiber modification of old newsprint (ONP) with several cellulases and xylanase were investigated and the suitable enzyme candidates were selected for ONP deinking in this paper. The results demonstrated that the cellulases and hemicellulases could significantly improve the deinking efficiency and fiber modification.Moreover, the synergistic effects of Novozym342 and xylanase (HC) can further enhance the deinking performance, reduce the dirt count and improve the brightness of resulting pulp. Additionally, compared to deinked pulps, obtained from conventional chemical materials, enzymatically deinked pulps had better bleachability, and the brightness of the bleached pulp reached 59.1% ISO, 9% ISO higher than the unbleached pulp.     

不同脱墨方式对二次纤维孔隙结构和结晶性能的影响

采用X射线衍射和等温氮吸附法研究了废旧新闻纸(ONP)在不同脱墨方式下孔隙结构和结晶性能的变化,并运用分形理论对纤维的孔隙结构进行了分析.等温氮吸附实验发现,ONP浆经过中性、碱法和酶法脱墨后,其BET比表面积、BJH孔容及BJH平均孔径变化不大.分形分析发现,脱墨前后纤维的分形维数相近,说明三种脱墨方式对纤维的孔隙结构影响较小. X射线衍射实验发现ONP浆经过中性、碱法和酶法脱墨后,结晶度下降,碱法脱墨浆纤维结晶度下降最大,达12.24%,中性脱墨浆下降6.12%,酶法脱墨浆下降最少仅0.77%.研究中还发现,经过脱墨后,纤维的保水值有所增大,其中碱法脱墨浆纤维增加最大,中性脱墨浆次之,酶法脱墨浆最小.     

STUDY ON NEUTRAL DEINKING OF ONP WITH NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS

INTRODUCTIONNeutral deinking is a new deinking technology proposed in recent years. It mainly adopts floatation/washing process in waste recycling. Neutral deinking basically conquers the shortcomings existed in conventional alkaline chemical deinking. Due to its deinking without alkali and other additional agents, it can save deinking costs, reduce environmental pollution and enhance deinking efficiency [1-8].Surfactants are indispensable component in deinking agents. Cationic surfactan…     

漆酶/木聚糖酶体系去除废新闻纸脱墨浆中胶黏物的研究

废纸浆因含有大量的细小组分和阴离子杂质,极大地影响了纸机网部的滤水性能和成纸质量。笔者应用漆酶处理废新闻纸脱墨浆,研究其去除胶黏物的效果。结果表明：漆酶/木聚糖酶体系（LXS）处理废纸脱墨浆,能有效去除浆料中胶黏物,尤其是漆酶/木聚糖酶体系处理后碱抽提（LXS+E）去除效果更佳。在酶用量为15 μmol/(min·g)时,LXS和LXS+E处理后与原浆相比,浆中胶黏物分别降低了51.91 %和68.43 %,减轻了后续工序除胶黏物的负荷,改善了浆料滤水性。当漆酶用量为15 μmol/(min·g)时,LXS和LXS+E处理浆与原浆相比,打浆度分别降低了15.22 %和28.26 %。此外通过这两种方法处理还能提高浆料的强度,而浆料得率却稍有下降。     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING AGENTS FOR MIXED OFFICE WASTEPAPER

With the development of papermaking industry, pollution and energy shortage have been receiving more and more concerns recently. Because raw material for papermaking are becoming scarcer and scarcer around all over the world, secondary fiber has become one of the absolutely necessary materials. As a new sort of reclaiming wastepaper, MOW (mixed office wastepaper) has received much concern in recent years. [1-4] But because of the peculiarities of toners used in electrostatic printed paper and…     

Study on the Structure and Properties of Polynosic Fiber Treated by Alkali

The regenerated cellulose fibers, made from wood pulp, have excellent physical properties like cotton fiber. Especially polynosic fibers can be mercerized by alkali, but conventional Viscose fiber can not be treated or mercerized by alkali. The paper studies on behavior of polynosic fibers treated by alkali, including physical properties, such as weight loss, tensile strength and elongation, and fiber structures properties. In this paper, on the basis of study on polynosic fibers treated by alkali, the conclusions were drawn as following. Firstly, polynosic fiber is good at alkali resistance. Secondly, the changes of fiber structure and physical properties begin declining at 5 wt% NaOH concentration and reverse changes take place at 10 wt%.     

HIGH CONSISTENCY PULPING OF OLD NEWSPRINT AND ITS FLOTATION PROPERTIES

INTRODUTIONWaste paper is an important recyclable resource. The problems that are concerned with resource, energy and environment can be solved effectively by recycling of the waste paper. In the past decade, countries all over the world have paid great attention to the recycling of waste paper, so its recycling ratio has been increasing year and year. The technologies for waste paper recycling have also been developed and modified. The production and varieties of paper and paperboard mad…     

未漂硫酸盐针叶木浆的酶促打浆

研究了生物酶对未漂硫酸盐针叶木浆酶促打浆后打浆度和纸浆物理性能的影响,确定了酶促打浆的最佳工艺条件,探讨了BIO-RE100半纤维素酶在最佳打浆工艺下对打浆功耗的影响．研究结果表明,生物酶处理最佳工艺条件是：温度为40℃、酶用量为1000g／t、pH值为6、时间为60min．在此最佳条件下使用生物酶预处理浆料,打浆功耗可以降低33％,纸浆物理性能有所提高．扫描电镜分析结果表明,纤维表面剥蚀程度较大,细纤维化程度有所提高,纸浆纤维切断较少．     

竹浆纤维再回收利用及纸张强度改善

 研究了竹浆纤维的循环再利用及超声波处理对竹浆纤维和纸张特性的影响;评价了竹浆纸张的密度、抗张强度等特性,探讨了单纤维强度和纸张纤维间结合力的关系。结果表明,竹浆纸张的密度和抗张强度随着循环再利用次数的增加而降低,超声波处理纸浆纤维提高了纸张的抗张强度。Page理论表明,纸张抗张强度的提高主要是由于超声波处理增强了纸张内部的纤维间结合力。光学显微镜结果显示,超声波处理通过切断纤维、润胀纤维、细纤维化纤维的作用,有效改善了纸张的强度。研究表明,纸张的循环再利用会降低竹浆的保水值,而利用超声波处理可以有效提高纸浆的保水性能,改善纸张的抗张强度。     

高石粉含量下C80混凝土力学性能数值模拟研究

为研究石粉含量和纤维掺量对C80混凝土基本力学性能（包括立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量）的影响,本文结合Digimat和Abaqus建立2D随机骨料模型、3D纤维混凝土细观模型。将不同石粉含量、纤维掺量下混凝土的数值模拟与同等条件下基本力学试验结果进行对比分析：2D随机骨料模型中过高（石粉含量大于5%时称为高石粉含量）的石粉含量会降低混凝土的整体力学性能,石粉含量越低模拟值与试验值越接近,当石粉含量为5%时混凝土的整体力学性能达到最佳。3D纤维混凝土细观模型中不同纤维类型对高石粉含量混凝土的强度有不同影响,与玄武岩纤维相比,铜镀纤维的掺入对高石粉含量下混凝土力学性能的增幅更明显。铜镀纤维体积分数为4%和6%时均能提高混凝土力学性能,当体积分数为6%时,混凝土数值模拟与试验结果误差小于7.1%且力学性能达到最优;玄武岩纤维混凝土的抗压性能随纤维体积率的增加而降低,当纤维体积率为1 kg/m3时数值模拟结果与试验结果误差范围在0.4%-8.7%,但对混凝土整体力学性能的提升较小。     

COMPARISON OF PLATE AND CONICAL FILLINGS IN REFINING OF BLEACHED SOFTWOOD AND HARDWOOD PULPS

The purpose of this study was to compare plate and conical refiner fillings in refining of softwood and hardwood pulp fibers. Contrary to expectations,better tensile strength values were achieved when BSW was refined with conical fillings and the development of strength Was found to be insensitive to variations in refining intensity. A bar microprocile was measured with the aid of a profilometer. The leading edges of conicalfilling bars.were found to be rounder. A possible reason for the better tensile strength of pulp refined with conical fillings is that the round edge helps large SW fiber flocs to enter the space between the bars, resulting in less heterogeneous or more efficient treatment of fibers.The recorded gap closure values supported the above interpretation. The gap between conical fillings was found to become wider when pulp consistency and thus fiber flocculation increased, whereas increased pulp consistency decreased the gap between plate fillings, which was further reflected as increased fiber cutting. The reduction in fiber length was proportional to the increase in gap closure,supporting the earlier theory that fibers are squeezed and crushed between the bars. More attention should be paid to the wear of filling materials when refining BSW. A filling material which wears so that the bar edges are rounded would seem to promote high tensile strength and high average fiber length.     

芳纶短纤维/芳纶浆粕增强制备高性能氯丁橡胶复合材料

对芳纶短纤维和芳纶浆粕进行微观结构表征和热失重分析,系统地研究了芳纶短纤维和芳纶浆粕对橡胶复合材料基本物理性能、动态力学性能和动刚度的影响。结果表明,芳纶短纤维为巨原纤模型;芳纶浆粕为微纤模型,呈羽绒状。芳纶短纤维在500 ℃降解,650 ℃左右降解基本完全;芳纶浆粕在350 ℃左右开始降解,500 ℃左右迅速降解,直到650 ℃左右降解基本完全。芳纶短纤维/芳纶浆粕增强制备的氯丁橡胶复合材料的撕裂强度、拉断伸长率、屈挠性能随着芳纶短纤维/芳纶浆粕并用比值减小而提高,但其动刚度减小。动态力学性能表明芳纶短纤维与芳纶浆粕并用比为10:10时,有相对较高的储能模量,较低的损耗模量和损耗因子,动态疲劳性能较好。     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS BETWEEN BIRCH CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PULPS AND ASPEN BLEACHED KRAFT PULP

INTRODUCTIONIn papermaking, it is very often that more than one type (or grade) of pulps are used to develop paper sheet properties necessary for both machine runnability and requirement from the end users. In many high end paper grades (e.g., various high brightness printing/writing papers), long fiber from softwood bleached kraft pulp traditionally is often used in combination with short fiber from hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HBKP). In this combination, the long fiber component provi…     

混杂钢纤维增强超高性能水泥基材料力学性能分析

采用平直型超细钢纤维与压痕型中长钢纤维混杂,系统研究了混杂比例对超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC)流动性能、力学行为的影响,以及纤维外形对界面粘结力的影响.研究表明,随压痕型钢纤维掺入量增加,新拌浆体的流动度下降;在纤维体积率一定时,2种纤维等比例混杂,材料的抗压、拉伸、弯曲强度与弯曲韧性等力学性能为最佳;当水胶比固定时,压痕钢纤维与基体界面粘结力大于平直型超细钢纤维.试验还表明,2种纤维混杂在不同结构、不同尺度和不同时间层次对抑制裂缝的生成和扩展分别发挥作用,两者协同作用使材料总体力学性能显著提升.     

旧报纸的酸性生物酶法脱墨

研究了一种新的废纸脱墨工艺，它是用酸性纤维素酶处理旧报纸浆，然后在酸性条件下进行浮选脱墨，此工艺化学药品用量少，有利于环境保护；所得脱墨浆白度高，黄度低；具有较好的滤水性能和相近的强度性能。利用过氧化氢进行漂白时，酶法脱墨浆的可漂性优于化学法脱墨浆。     

表面改性对三种天然纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料拉伸性能的对比研究

采用氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)、丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)以及马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)分别对纤维素、木屑和秸秆进行了表面改性处理,并分别制备了三种植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,考察了复合材料的拉伸性能与改性方法、纤维类型及纤维含量的关系。结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度随着纤维含量提高而降低;MAPP处理较硅烷偶联剂处理的纤维-基体界面粘接性能改善较大,其拉伸强度最大提高了50%,而断裂延伸率和断裂韧性也由于界面结合力提高而明显降低。     

VARTM制备麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料研究

通过对黄麻纤维热处理、碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理和异氰酸酯处理进行表面改性,并对改性黄麻纤维布进行热压工艺处理,最后采用VARTM成型工艺制备黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,并对其性能进行了系统研究.通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,热处理和碱处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结未得到明显改善,而通过硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结性能得到了显著的提高.将硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维布通过热压处理不仅可以增加复合材料中黄麻纤维体积含量,而且可以提高复合材料的综合性能,复合材料力学性能研究表明,经硅烷偶联剂处理后的黄麻纤维增强复合材料拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了18.6%,71.4%和50.2%.经异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了16.3%,34.0%和50.3%.     

纤维增强MDF水泥的性能

研究了玻璃纤维和碳纤维作为MDF水泥增强材料的可行性及其增强效果,考察了二种纤维的长径比、体积掺量对MDF水泥材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性、浸水体积膨胀率等性能的影响。研究结果表明,碳纤维和玻璃纤维作为MDF水泥的增强材料均能够显著提高MDF水泥的力学性能和耐水性,玻璃纤维的效果优于碳纤维。纤维增强MDF水泥的微观结构特征是纤维在复合材料中呈三维均匀分布,形成空间网络结构,这是纤维增强MDF水泥的主要原因。     

纤维增强MDF水泥的性能

研究了玻璃纤维和碳纤维作为MDF水泥增强材料的可行性及其增强效果，考察了二种纤维的长径比、体积掺量对MDF水泥材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性、浸水体积膨胀率等性能的影响。研究结果表明，碳纤维和玻璃纤维作为MDF水泥的增强材料均能够显著提高MDF水泥的力学性能和耐水性、玻璃纤维的效果优于碳纤维。纤维增强MDF水泥的微观结构特征是纤维在复合材料中呈三维均匀分布，形成空间网络结构，这是纤维增强MDF水泥的主要原因。