陆地棉色素腺体的表达与遗传的特殊规律

陆地棉种子及各部器官含有毒物质棉酚,这与棉株各部器官着生有色素腺体有关.研究结果表明:色素腺体在棉株各器官上的分布极具特殊性,有色素腺体棉与无色素腺体棉杂交后代,不同个体的不同器官色素腺体的分布具多样性,色素腺体的密度不均匀,色素腺体的表达时期不一致,各种色素腺体类型出现的频率无规律.色素腺体的遗传亦极具特殊性,难以用两对基因质量性状遗传或微效多基因数量性状遗传理论进行圆满解释.对如何提高无色素腺体类型或高色素腺体类型的中选率、减少误判提出了依据.     

陆地棉色素腺体分布的多样性与遗传的特殊性

陆地棉种子及各部器官含有毒物质棉酚,这与棉株各部器官着生有色素腺体有关．研究结果表明：色素腺体在棉株各器官上的分布极具特殊性,有色素腺体棉与无色素腺体棉杂交后代,不同个体的不同器官色素腺体的分布具多样性,色素腺体的密度不均匀,色素腺体的表达时期不一致,各种色素腺体类型出现的频率无规律．色素腺体的遗传亦极具特殊性,难于用两对基因质量性状遗传或微效多基因数量性状遗传理论进行圆满解释．对如何提高无色素腺体类型或高色素腺体类型的中选率提出了可减少误判的依据．     

低酚棉的丰产潜力与丰产性结构的研究

本文选用具有代表性的低酚棉丰产品种（无色素腺体）,有酚棉丰产品种（有色素腺体）以及低酚棉原始品种（无色素腺体源）,就产量水平、熟性以及产量构成因素间的差异进行了比较试验和分析．结果表明,无色素腺体源比有色素腺体品种的产量低且晚熟,但新育成的无色素腺体品种与有色素腺体品种的产量水平及熟性差异不显著．     

组织化学方法定位陆地棉色素腺体中的多酚羟基萘醌类化合物

运用组织化学方法探测陆地棉( Gossypium hirsutum L.)色素腺体内所含的主要次生代谢物质,Fast Blue BB验证了色素腺体内含有大量的多酚类物质,FeCI3检测证实色素腺体不仅是萘醌类物质的积累场所也是产生场所,醋酸铅检测证实萘醌类物质在色素腺体的分泌细胞内产生、在色素腺体的腔内积累.其中,醋酸...     

棉花腺体形成时均一化cDNA文库的构建

为克隆筛选棉花腺体形成相关的基因,运用SMART技术构建cDNA文库.首先抽提棉花腺体形成时期的mRNA,mRNA逆转录后合成cDNA,经均一化处理后,SfiⅠ酶切,连接质粒载体,电转化,成功构建了棉花腺体形成时期的cDNA文库.经鉴定原始文库滴度为5.8×105 cfu/mL,其重组率高达94%,插入片段的平均长度约为1.4 kb.     

显性无腺体基因在不同陆地棉遗传背景下对棉花农艺性状的影响

利用显性无腺体近等基因系研究了显性无腺体基因在３种不同陆地棉遗传背景下对棉花农艺性状的影响。结果表明：在所研究的性状上显性无腺体的作用方式相似,但遗传背景与腺体类型的互作效应在铃重、衣分、籽指、衣指、纤维伸长率上差异显著,显性无腺体基因在３种遗传背景下对产量和纤维品质无明显不良影响,但在衣分、籽指、衣指、纤维伸长率等性状上表现多效性。     

棉花腺体形成相关的miRNA差异表达研究

植物miRNAs在基因表达、生长、发育等方面有十分重要的作用．本实验以棉花显性无腺体近等基因系为材料,利用miRNA基因芯片杂交技术,分析与腺体形成相关的miRNA的差异表达．结果表明,棉花腺体形成期共有30个miRNA有差异表达,其中表达上调的miRNA有24个,分别属于miR156,miR157,miR166和miR390家族．表达下调的miRNA有6个,分别属于miR149,miR169,miR289,miR705,miR1224和miR1227家族．miRNA家族作用的靶基因分析发现主要分布在发育     

无棉毒素棉花新品种的研究

目前,我们所种的棉花品种均系有棉毒素棉,其植株的各个生育器官,都均匀地分布着油腺体,而在油腺体中则含有0.2～2.03％的棉酚毒素。这种棉酚毒素对人和单胃动物具有高毒性,能腐烂胃肠粘膜组织、分解红血球、引起肺肿、心跳、伤害肝肾。因此这种棉的棉籽油,未经化学处理,不能食用,榨油后的饼粕,未经处理,也不能大量饲喂单胃动物,否则会引起中毒,甚至死亡。     

棉花DNA的快速提纯

介绍一种从棉花种胚中分离高分子量、高纯度的天然ＤＮＡ的方法。此法简单易行．方便快捷，同样适合其它合大量内源多酚类化合物、色素及脂类植物ＤＮＡ的抽提和纯化。     

棉花无腺体品系在杂种优势利用中的应用

杂种优势是生物界普遍存在的现象,在毛主席革命路线指引下,华主席的亲切关怀下,我国农作物杂种优势的利用取得了巨大成就。陆地棉杂种优势也已在各地生产上开始应用。为了简化制种手续,大量产生杂交种子,我们在研究陆地棉杂种优势的同时,进行了陆地棉无腺体品系在棉花杂种优势利用中的应用。     

Breeding,introgression and inheritance of delayed gland morphogenesis trait from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gosspium bickii</Emphasis> into upland cotton germplasm

Cotton is a valuable economic crop. The cottonseedafter ginning is made up of fuzz, kernel and hull, amongwhich kernel constitutes about 50% to the seed weight.Cottonseed kernel of G. hirsutum contains about 40% ofprotein and more than 35% of cottonseed oil, which obvi-ously is a potential rich source of high quality protein andedible oil supplement[1,2]. However, the utilization of cot-tonseed is limited by the presence of gossypol and its de-rivatives in seeds of ordinary glanded cotton cult…     

天然棕色棉纤维发育过程中生化物质变化规律的研究

目的:比较棕色棉和白色棉纤维发育过程中生化物质含量的差异,分析棕色棉纤维色素合成与纤维发育的关系,为棕色棉育种提供理论依据。方法:以白色棉泗棉3号为对照,测定4种棕色棉各发育阶段纤维中主要生化物质含量及其动态变化规律,分析了棕色棉纤维各发育时期生化物质含量与棕色棉纤维色素含量相关关系。结果:棕色棉纤维40DPA含水率、10DPA还原糖含量低于白色棉,30-40DPA还原糖含量高于白色棉。白色棉20DPA可溶性蛋白质出现高峰期,棕色棉相应的蛋白质高峰期出现在25DPA,棕色棉纤维生长的各阶段纤维素的含量均低于白色棉;棕色棉和白色棉,含水率、还原性糖、可溶性蛋白质的含量都随着棉纤维发育不断降低,而纤维素含量不断增加。成熟棉纤维色素含量与10DPA还原性糖含量、30-40DPA纤维素含量负相关达到显著水平(p<0.05),与35DPA还原性糖含量正相关达到极显著水平(p<0.01),与15DPA纤维素含量负相关达到极显著水平(p<0.01)。结论:棕色棉纤维的各发育阶段的生化物质含量与白色棉表现明显的差异,但是二者在动态变化规律上表现一致;棕色棉色素合成与棉纤维发育过程中生化物质组成关系密切。     

天然彩色棉与染色棉鉴别方法

天然彩色棉是21世纪国际绿色纺织品市场上最具发展潜力的产品之一.现在对天然彩色棉和染色棉没有很好的鉴别方法.利用交叉极化魔角自旋核磁共振(CPMAS-NMR)和傅里叶红外-拉曼(FTIR-Raman)光谱法鉴别天然绿色棉和染色棉;采用棉纤维色素提取液的酸碱可逆色变反应鉴别天然绿色棉、天然棕色棉和染色棉,方法简单快捷有效.     

纯棉针织物的秦皮天然染料染色

以水为提取剂从中药秦皮中提取天然染料对纯棉针织物进行染色,研究不同媒染方式以及染料质量浓度、染浴pH值、染色温度及时间、媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量等后媒法染色工艺对纯棉针织物染色效果的影响.结果表明,后媒法染色效果最好,秦皮天然染料对纯棉针织物的后媒染染色最佳工艺为：秦皮天然染料质量浓度12g/L,染液pH 4,染色温度90℃,染色时间60min,媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量5g/L.织物经后媒染染色后得色均匀,各项色牢度较好.     

天然绿色棉纤维色素提取及薄层色谱分析

选用12种溶剂对天然绿色棉纤维色素进行超声提取,发现氯仿一甲醇（1：1）的提取效果最好。在此基础上,对绿色棉和白色棉纤维氯仿一甲醇（1：1）提取液的uV光谱和薄层色谱进行了比较研究,结果发现绿色棉和白色棉在UV光谱上有1个差异吸收峰,其最大波长是329nm;绿色棉和白色棉在薄层色谱上有1个有差异的点,其Rf=0．41。     

Effects of pigment glands and gossypol on somatic cell culture of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The effects of pigment glands and gossypol on the somatic cell culture of upland cotton were studied, using the materials as follows: three pairs of glanded and glandless upland cotton near isogenic lines, TM-1, and Coker 312. The results showed that the pigment glands and gossypol contents in the explants had great inhibiting effect on the induction and growth of callus in somatic cell culture of upland cotton, and the induction rate of callus and the single callus weight of glandless cotton were much higher than those of their glanded near isogenic lines. It was easier to obtain regeneration plants from glandless cotton than from their glanded near isogenic lines. There was a significant inverse correlation between the gossypol contents in the explants and callus induction rate, with the correlation coefficient of -0.84. The vitro gossypol in the medium had some inhibiting effect on the induction and growth of callus, especially for the glandless cotton. However, a certain concentration of vitro gossypol in the medium (0.1 mg/L) was an aid to the steadiness growth of callus in glandless cotton somatic cell culture, with a high rate of embryogenic cells which was in favor of plant regeneration, and it was also relatively easy to obtain regeneration plants when they were transferred into differentiation medium with 0.1 mg/L of vitro gossypol, even for some cultivars which are difficult in somatic cell culture. In addition, the gossypol content and its variation in the seedlings and callus during culture of Coker 312 were discussed, as well as the relationship between gossypol variation in the explants and its somatic cell culture. The probability of vitro gossypol used in cotton somatic cell culture for the improvement of somatic cell culture was suggested.     

Inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait in Australian wild species ofGossypium

Five Australian wild cotton species with the delayed gland morphogenesis trait, as well as G. arboreum, G. davidsonii and four different gland genotypes of G. hirsutum, Gl₂Gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃, gl₂gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, and gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃, were used in this experiment and 10 interspecific hybrids were obtained by the crossing among them. According to the gland expression on the seeds and plants of the interspecific hybrids, the inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of Australian wild cotton species was opened out as follows: (ⅰ) the inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait was almost the same among the 5 Australian wild cotton species, and the gene or genes which controlled this trait may be located in the same loci. (ⅱ) The glandless seed trait of the Australian wild cotton species was dominant over the glanded seed trait of G. arboreum, a genome A species, and the seeds of interspecific hybrid F₁ between them were glandless. However, it was recessive over the glanded character of genome D species, G.davidsonii, and their F₁ was a typical glanded one. (ⅲ) The glandless seed trait of the Australian wild cotton species was recessive or incomplete dominant over the glanded cotton but dominant over the glandless cotton of G. hirsutum, and the glandless genes (gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃) of upland cotton had great weakening effect on the glanded plant trait of the Australian wild cotton species on the other hand. For the two main glanded genes of upland cotton, the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of the Australian wild cotton species was dominant epistatic over glandless genes, gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃, and one of the glanded genes, Gl₂Gl₂, but was recessive epistatic over the other glanded gene, Gl₃Gl₃. Therefore, it is much convenient to use Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃ as the upland cotton parent in the interspecific hybridization and backcrossing afterward, in order to produce the upland cotton germplasm with glandless seeds and glanded plant trait.