季铵盐载金有机相的反萃取研究

用放射性同位素198Au示踪法研究了乙二醇(GLY)、二羟乙基硫醚(DGTE)等对季铵盐载金有机相的反萃,考察了反萃剂的浓度、有机相与反萃剂的体积比(R)、加入乙醇等对反萃率(S)的影响.讨论了有机相反萃后继续萃取的问题.结果表明,GLY,DGTE在较高体积分数时都是很好的反萃剂.当GLY体积分数大于90%、DGTE体积分数大于70%时,其反萃能力均可达到90%.反萃剂中不含乙醇时,反萃后有机相具备连续萃取的能力.实验还发现,NaClO4和NH4SCN也有很好的反萃作用.     

季铵盐载金有机相的反萃取研究Ⅱ无机盐类反萃体系

用放射性同位素198Au示踪法研究了无机盐NH4SCN,NaClO4等对季铵盐载金有机相的反萃,考察了反萃剂的浓度、有机相与反萃剂的体积比等对反萃率的影响.讨论了有机相反萃后继续萃取的问题.结果表明,NH4SCN,NaClO4在较高浓度时都是很好的反萃剂,反萃效率符合高氯酸盐效应,反萃后有机相具备连续萃取的能力.     

采用HBL101从锌置换渣高酸浸出液中萃取锗

针对现行的湿法炼锌渣中提取锗的研究现状,采用新型萃取剂HBL101从锌置换渣的高酸浸出液中直接萃取锗,考察了料液酸度、萃取剂体积分数、萃取温度、萃取时间和相比对萃取的影响以及氢氧化钠质量浓度、反萃温度、反萃时间和反萃相比对反萃的影响,并对萃取剂转型条件进行了研究.实验表明：有机相组成为30% HBL101+70%磺化煤油(体积分数)作为萃取剂,料液酸度为113.2 g·L-1 H2 SO4,其最佳萃取条件为萃取温度25℃,萃取时间20 min,相比O/A=1：4.经过五级逆流萃取,锗萃取率达到98.57%.负载有机相用150 g·L-1 NaOH溶液可选择性反萃锗得到高纯度锗酸钠溶液,其最佳反萃条件为反萃温度25℃,反萃时间25 min,相比O/A=4：1.经过五级逆流反萃,反萃率可达到98.1%.反萃锗后负载有机相再用200 g·L-1硫酸溶液反萃共萃的铜并转型,控制反萃温度25℃,反萃时间20 min,O/A=2：1.经过五级逆流反萃,铜反萃率可达到99.5%并完成转型,萃取剂返回使用.     

用P507萃取分离钴及草酸反萃制备草酸钴

研究锂电池浸出液中钴、镍、锂的P507萃取分离方法,通过直接采用草酸反萃富钴有机相得到草酸钴产品.实验对含有53.8 g/L 钴的料液进行萃取.研究结果表明最佳萃取条件如下:有机相组成(体积分数)为25%P507+5%TBP+70%磺化煤油,萃取剂皂化率为70%,水相初始pH为3.5,常温下萃取10 min,有机相与水相的相比ψ(O)/ψ(A)为1.5:1.0,通过3级错流萃取,钴的萃取率达99.5%,锂和镍的萃取率仅为4.9%和3.1%:P507萃取分离钴、镍、锂过程的焓变分别为: -2.043,-0.812和1.586 kJ/mol;直接使用草酸反萃富钴有机相,得到分相良好的油一水一固3相,最优反萃工艺为:0.03 g草酸/mL富钴萃取剂,温度为40℃,ψ(O)/ψ(A)=1.0:2.5,钴的反萃率达99.5%,反萃后的萃取剂和水相均可再生循环利用.     

络合萃取对煤制气洗涤废水中酚的回收

用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和煤油组成溶剂萃取体系有机相,对煤制气洗涤过程中产生的高浓度含酚废水进行了萃取和反萃处理研究.探讨了影响苯酚萃取的因素如废水pH和TBP体积分数,考察了反萃剂氢氧化钠溶液质量分数对反萃效果的影响;同时,对萃取和反萃过程中有机相的重复使用问题进行了研究.实验结果表明,当废水的pH=3～6时,一级萃取率可达90%以上,CODCr去除率达到80%以上;二级萃取率达到40%左右,苯酚总的萃取率达到95%以上;当氢氧化钠溶液质量分数为4%～10%时,反萃率可达80%以上;TBP-煤油有机相可在萃取和反萃的过程中多次重复使用.     

Cl~-助萃作用下N235萃取脱除铜电解液中锑铋

采用溶剂萃取法脱除铜电解液中的杂质,通过在铜电解液中加入助萃剂研究萃取剂N235对Sb和Bi的萃取性能。考察N235体积分数、助萃剂浓度、有机相与水相的体积比(相比)、萃取时间等因素对Sb和Bi萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:在有机相组成(体积分数)为20%N235+10%异辛醇+70%磺化煤油,助萃剂浓度为0.1 mol/L,相比为1:1时,铜电解液经单级萃取,Sb和Bi的萃取率(质量分数)分别为56.1%和96.6%。在有机相组成和助萃剂浓度保持不变的情况下,相比为2:1时,铜电解液经过7级逆流萃取,Sb的萃取率为86.0%,Bi的萃取率为97.1%。7级逆流萃取平衡有机相经氨水沉淀反萃—水洗—酸化处理后,Sb和Bi总反萃率可达98.4%和96.5%,有机相可循环使用。     

用Lix973选择性萃取氨性浸出液中的铜和钴

采用Lix973作萃取剂,硫酸作反萃剂,从氨性浸出液中萃取分离铜和钴。研究萃取剂体积分数、有机相与水相的体积比(相比)、混合时间、反萃剂质量浓度、反萃相比和反萃时间对萃取分离铜和钴的影响,确定获得Lix973萃取分离铜的优化条件。研究结果表明最佳萃取铜的条件为:室温下有机相与水相的体积比1:1,混合时间2 min,萃取剂Lix973体积分数5%。在此实验条件下,铜的一级萃取率达到99.29%;最佳反萃铜的条件为:室温下反萃相比2:3,反萃时间1 min,硫酸质量浓度160 g/L。在此实验条件下,铜的一级反萃率为96.13%。     

络合萃取法提取稀溶液中丙酸的研究

采用络合萃取法提取稀溶液中的丙酸,研究了络合萃取及反萃取的工艺条件。研究表明：以正辛醇和甲苯的混合物(1／3,v／v)为稀释剂,1mol／L磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,按体积比为1：1的相比,经30min萃取,丙酸的萃取率为67．70％。经3级错流萃取可使萃取率达到97％以上。通过正交试验得出,以0．30mol／L的NaOH溶液为反萃剂,萃取相与反萃相体积比为1：2,反萃时间90min,反萃率可达90．31％。     

络合萃取法提取6 硝基 1 2 重氮氧萘 4 磺酸

用络合萃取法对6-硝生产母液中的6-硝基-1,2-重氮氧萘-4-磺酸进行了萃取研究.在室温下,以体积分数30%的三辛胺(N-235)氯仿溶液为萃取剂,萃取荆与母液体积比1:1,萃取60Min,萃取可率达96.1%;以质量分数12%的NaOH溶液为反萃取剂反萃有机相,有机相与NaOH溶液体积比2:1,反萃取60 Min,反萃取率可达94.3%.     

铜萃取剂M5640从硫酸镍溶液中分离铜的应用研究

研究了采用M5640-煤油-H2SO4萃取体系分离硫酸镍中Cu^2 的工艺，确定了从含有高浓度硫酸镍的溶液中萃取Cu^2 的最佳工艺条件以及负载有机相反萃工艺条件．结果表明，以M5640为萃取剂、硫酸溶液为反萃剂，经3级萃取、3级反萃后，可以从含有高浓度硫酸镍的溶液中分离出99．9％的Cu^2 ，Ni^2 的萃取少于0．5％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with