对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆边界的新认识

对库车坳陷东部地区侏罗纪的湖盆边界作了界定,着重对库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆的北部边界进行了阐述,指出库如力—夏克阔坦东部是库车坳陷东部地区的沉积边界。     

库车前陆冲断带突发构造发育特点

探讨突发构造发育及成藏特点,为库车地区高效勘探提供依据。基于库车地区塑性地层沉积特征及区域构造发育特征的研究,明确了突发构造与叠瓦状构造具有密切的相关性,是叠瓦状构造进一步发育的结果。古隆起是控制突发构造发育的关键因素,当古隆起距推覆源位置较近时,在古隆起前缘发育破碎型突发构造;古隆起距推覆源较远时发育完整型突发构造。突发构造具有受盐体包裹、侧向封堵能力强、构造完整性好、裂缝发育程度高、对储层改造作用好的优势,其裂缝发育程度与构造发育程度正相关。突发构造为区域内最为有利的圈闭类型之一,是下一步勘探的首选类型。     

Magnetostratigraphic dating of mammalian fossils in Junggar Basin, northwest China

The first detailed chronology for the late Oligocene to early Miocene continental record in northern Junggar Basin is presented,based on rock magnetic experiments and magnetostratigraphic investiga-tions of a 192 m thick mammal-bearing section in the Ulungur River area. Magnetites and hematites were identified as the main carriers for the characteristic remanent magnetization,and the resulting polarity sequence allows an unambiguous correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS). Furthermore,the Tieersihabahe fauna layer occurs below the Paleocene/Neocene boundary,and the Suosuoquan fauna layer is just above the Neocene onset. Therefore,the age of the Tieersihabahe fauna and Suosuoquan fauna layers can be definitely estimated to be about 25.2 Ma and 22.5 Ma,respectively.     

库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育规律

从构造裂缝的形成机制出发,对库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层中构造裂缝的发育规律进行了探讨,分析了其影响因素,并建立了砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育模型.分析认为,受砂岩脆性特征和泥岩韧塑性特征的影响,砂泥岩互层中的构造裂缝首先在砂岩层中产生,并逐渐向泥岩层扩展形成裂缝网络.脆性岩层较塑性岩层更易产生大量裂缝,因此,在砂泥岩互层中砂岩层的裂缝密度大于泥岩层,同时,由于砂岩和泥岩内摩擦角的差异,裂缝在砂岩层中的平均倾角也大于泥岩层.单个砂岩层或泥岩层的厚度越小,对裂缝的发育越有利.强非均质性地层较均质地层裂缝更为发育,但共轭剪破裂中的一组裂缝会受到抑制,而以另一组裂缝为主.库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层中泥岩层的厚度小于4.0m的裂缝穿透极限值,表明裂缝可以穿透泥岩层将砂岩层连通,形成大段连续的油气储集空间.最后,根据理论分析建立了砂泥岩互层构造裂缝的发育模型.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系恰克马克组叠层石及其环境意义

详细研究了库车坳陷卡普沙良河剖面恰克马克组叠层石的形态及内部构造、微量元素、氧碳同位素特征。指出该叠层石的形成环境为咸水湖盆。从恰克马克组沉积为湖盆扩张期这一事实出发，认为叠层石的发育与干盐湖无关，而可以作为海泛存在的证据。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中、新生代沉降特征探讨

应用回剥分析方法(Backstripping analalysis)选取有代表性的四条剖面地层,计算了库车盆地中、新生代地层的沉降速率和沉积速率,其中构造沉降在早三叠世、早白垩世、上新世分别达到32.45 m/Ma、37.35 m/Ma和59.82 m/Ma的高峰,沉积速率曲线也清楚的揭示了库车盆地在演化过程中沉降速率起伏变化的特点.结合地震剖面上的构造证据以及岩相古地理、古生物化石证据,分析了库车盆地在中生代以来的构造演化过程,认为库车盆地自中生代以来的构造活动经历了挤压,应力松弛,构造伸展,挤压,应力松弛,再挤压等六个构造活动阶段,说明了盆地演化过程中构造活动的阶段性.由盆地的沉降特点、构造的活动性质,分析认为库车盆地是由三叠纪早期的前陆盆地经历了中生代应力松弛、盆地伸展以及晚白垩世的挤压隆升和剥蚀,经过早第三世的海侵,在新生代再次复活,是再生的前陆盆地.     

西藏措勤盆地北部下白垩统层序地层特征

措勤盆地北部下白垩统下部川巴组和多巴组可识别沉积层序单元11个,平均延时约1.8 Ma;上部郎山组层序单元12个,平均时限2.1 Ma左右.川巴组和多巴组层序TST以陆源碎屑沉积占优,HST以生物碎屑滩相为特色,层序结构普遍为TST≥HST;郎山组沉积层序发育在碳酸盐台地背景下,TST具向上加深相序,HST为向上变浅相序,多HST≥TST结构.提出并总结了层序结构的物源供应/碳酸盐生产速率与相对海平面之间的关系、成因格架变化的构造演化意义、弧背盆地层序地层标识特点.     

Lower Cretaceous angio-sperm leaf from Wuhe in Anhui ,China

A new early angiosperm leaf species is reported from the Xinzhuang Formation of Wuhe County,Anhui Province,It is probably of Barrenian or slightly later in geological age,The fossil leaf is small,no more than 0.6 cm both in length and in width,The leaf vens are well preserved and clearly visble under a low poer microscope.Leaf architectural analysis shows that such a leaf should belong to the first leaf rank of Hickey ,i.e the most primitive one.There are no early angiosperm leaves published colpletely similar to our.A new species name of Dicotylophyllum minutissimum sp.nov.is established for the present leaf fossils.     

四川峨眉山地区白垩系物源

在对四川峨眉山地区白垩系夹关组、灌口组进行野外剖面研究和薄片鉴定的基础上,对岩石的地球化学特征进行分析,探讨峨眉山地区白垩系沉积时期的主要物源区。研究发现:岩石颗粒的磨圆度和分选性反映出近源沉积的特征;碎屑成分特征表明其主要来源于含有较多中酸性岩浆岩的源区;地球化学特征表明物源区是以长英质岩石为主的大陆岛弧构造背景。结合前人对四川盆地白垩纪古地形特征的研究成果,认为夹关组和灌口组沉积时期峨眉山地区的主要物源区为龙门山构造带。     

合肥盆地白垩纪伸展构造格局

合肥盆地早白垩世演化过程长期存在争议.利用最新的油气勘探地震资料,系统分析了盆地内主要断层及其东缘的郯庐断裂伸展活动在地震剖面上的构造表现,并在此基础上论述了合肥盆地东部白垩系朱巷组、响导铺组、张桥组的断裂-沉积响应.结合同位素年代学资料综合分析认为,合肥盆地伸展活动的起始时间为早白垩世中期,持续至古近纪末.同时采用2DMOVE模拟软件对断层的分析也支持了这一认识.该时期合肥盆地呈现复合式断陷构造格局,盆地东西部受北北东向郯庐断裂带与吴集断裂的伸展作用控制,出现了北北东向的半地堑式断陷盆地.同时,盆地北界及内部近东西向南倾断裂(寿县-定远断裂、肥中断裂、肥西-韩摆渡断裂)的伸展活动,又控制出现了近东西向、北断南超的半地堑式盆地,总体上为复合断陷盆地,其伸展活动发生在华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的背景下,与太平洋板块高角度俯冲有关.     

济阳坳陷馆陶组辫状三角洲—浅水湖泊沉积体系

对于济阳坳陷馆陶组下段沉积相的认识一直停留在河流相的基础之上 ,并且一直认为缺乏良好的盖层 ,这些认识明显束缚了对馆陶组下段的油气勘探 .本文从古地貌、古生物、沉积构造等 6个方面的研究出发 ,发现济阳坳陷北部地区馆陶组下段存在以浅水湖泊为背景的辫状三角洲沉积体系 .辫状三角洲由辫状平原、前缘和前辫状三角洲组成 .水下分流河道为前缘骨架砂体 ,河口坝和远砂坝不甚发育 ,前辫状三角洲发育普遍较薄 .该沉积体系总体表现为多物源、近物源的多个辫状三角洲在横向的叠置 ,形成湖泊陆源碎屑丰富 ,滨浅湖相带窄的沉积格局 .湖相泥岩在横向和侧向上形成遮挡 ,与油源断层配合 ,可以在一定范围内形成具有一定规模的隐蔽油气藏     

子午岭次生林恢复演替中土壤微生物量的变化动态

研究子午岭林区次生林演替过程中微生物量和w(微生物量碳)/w(有机碳)的动态.结果表明:随着次生林演替,微生物量变化趋势不明显,土壤有机碳的变化趋势与微生物量的变化趋势相似;微生物量与有机碳高度相关(P《0.01),说明子午岭次生林演替,微生物量与土壤肥力密切相关.次生林演替时间与w(微生物量碳)/w(有机碳)具有显著的相关性(P《0.01),而且w(微生物量碳)/w(有机碳)随着演替时间的延长而提高,由此认为:w(微生物量碳)/w(有机碳)可成为黄土高原次生演替土壤有机碳变化的敏感指标.     

Early tectonic uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Hexi Corridor is the northmost foreland basin of the Tibetan Plateau and its formation is controlled by the northern marginal fault of Tibet, Altyn Tagh Fault （ATF）-North Qilian Shan marginal Fault （NQF）, and the southern Kuantan Shan-Longshou Shan Fault （KLF）. So its study is important to understanding the mechanism of Tibet formation and its influence on global climate change. The oldest Cenozoic sediments in the Corridor is the Huoshaogou Formation which consists of terrigenous fine conglomerate, sandstone, sandy mudstone and mudstone, depositing in al- luvial to lacustrine and fan delta sedimentary environments. Detailed paleomagnetic measurements of this sequence at Yumen clearly reveal eleven pairs of normal and reversed polarities. Fossil mammals found around the section support that most of the observed polarities can be well correlated with chrons between 13n and 18r of the standard geomagnetic polarity time scale, yielding ages of 40.2-33.35 Ma. The mean declinations of this sequence and its immediately above stratigraphy indicate an 18.3° rapid clockwise rotation of the Hexi Corridor. Since this sequence has been strongly folded and is capped by an angular unconformity, we think that the presence of the thick alluvial fan conglomeration at the bottom of the foreland basin may indicate the initial deformation and uplift of the northern Qilian Shan. This process could occur at latest at 40.2 Ma, driven by the faults NQF and KLF that thrust onto the Hexi corridor respectively from its southern and northern margins. These faults are in an early response to the collision of India with Asia, while the unconformable termination and rotation of the Huoshaogou Formation at -33.35 Ma indicate other early episode of rapid tectonic deformation and uplift of the northern Tibet.     

三湖坳陷北斜坡区岩性圈闭预测

岩性圈闭作为三湖坳陷北斜坡区下一步天然气勘探的主要目标,能否有效识别并预测岩性圈闭成为制约气田下一步增产上储的关键.从区域地质背景和现今气田勘探生产概况入手,首先明确了岩性圈闭纵向发育的主要标准层位为K9—K13,进而分析了工区K9—K13层序地层及沉积微相发育特征,其中K9—K13包含2个水进体系域(K9—K10、K11—K13)和一个高位体系域(K10—K11),砂体沉积微相类型以滩砂为主,最后通过层序地层理论指导下的井间精细砂体对比,并结合K13构造等深图,确定了岩性圈闭纵向主要发育在K9与K11最大洪泛面附近,平面上主要分布在台东、涩东和驼西3个鼻隆区以及驼南、涩南和盐西3个斜坡区.     

西藏措勤地区的下白垩统岩石地层单位评述

西藏区域地质调查大队在1:100万日喀则幅区调中将措勘地区划分为两个地层小区,各自建立了下白垩统的岩石地层系统.作者根据在该区测制的下白垩统连续地层剖面及相关地质调查,认为这两个地层小区并不存在;建议在措勤地区建立统一的下白垩统岩石地层系统,从下至上划分为则弄组、多尼组和郎山组.     

广东三水盆地白垩纪岩相古地理特征及演化

根据大量的区域地质、钻井、野外露头等资料,对广东三水盆地自垩纪地层进行了构造层序研究,划分出一个盆地充填层序,两个构造层序和4个层序;在构造层序研究的基础上,采用压缩法和瞬时作图法,以层序为编图单元,编制了三水盆地白垩纪层序岩相古地理图,系统地阐述了三水盆地白垩纪不同时期的岩相古地理特征;根据不同时期的岩相古地理展布特征,将白垩纪三水盆地的沉积充填分为早白垩世的底部粗碎屑进积和晚白垩世的首次湖泛两个演化阶段.     

西藏定日贡扎上白垩统的年代地层划分及评述

分别采用不同的地层学方法对西藏贡扎地区的两条相邻上白垩统剖面进行了年代地层划分.根据将建立在贡扎Ⅰ上白垩统剖面上的锶同位素演化曲线与W. H .Burke等的同时代锶同位素演化曲线对比,剖面上岗巴村口组顶界年龄值约为81.4 Ma;根据在贡扎Ⅱ剖面上划分出的12个浮游有孔虫化石带确定的岗巴村口组顶界年龄值约为67.0 Ma.作者认为岗巴村口组顶界年龄值存在明显差别是受诸多因素影响,在对地层进行年代地层研究中,要不断提高各种地层学方法的分辨率,并尽可能采用综合的地层学方法.     

Late Cenozoic high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in the Kunlun Pass Basin and its implications for the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Kunlun Pass Basin, located in the middle of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, received relatively continuous late Cenozoic sediments from the surrounding mountains, archiving great information to understand the deformation and uplift histories of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun-Yellow River Movement, identified from the tectonomorphologic and sedimentary evolution of the Kunlun Pass Basin by Cui Zhijiu et al. （1997, 1998）, is roughly coincident with many important global and Plateau climatic and environmental events, becoming a crucial time interval to understand tectonic-climatic interactions. However, the ages used to constrict the events remain great uncertainty. Here, we present the results of detailed magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass Basin, which show the basin sediments were formed between about 3.6 Ma and 0.5 Ma and the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement occurred at 1.2 to ～0.78 Ma. The lithology, sedimentary facies and lithofacies associations divide the basin into five stages of tectonosedimentary evolution, indicating the northern Tibetan Plateau having experienced five episodes of tectonic uplifts at ～3.6, 2.69-2.58, 1.77, 1.2, 0.87 and ～0.78 Ma since the Pliocene.     

新疆南天山库车河地区二叠—三叠系界线探讨

新疆南天山库车河地区山着二叠－三叠系的连续剖面，剖面中地层界线清楚，化石较为丰富。在上二叠统比尤勒包谷孜群中发现了安加拉大陆晚二叠世植物群的典型代表“Ｃａｌｌｉｐｔｅｒｉｓ”ｚｅｉｌｌｅｒｉ和俄罗斯库滋涅茨克煤田上二叠统顶部的特有种Ｙａｖｏｓｋｙａ ｍｕｎｇａｔｉｃａ。而下三叠统俄霍布拉克群的植物化石具明显的中生代面貌。因此，库车河地区海西期花岗岩之上覆盖着晚二叠世晚期地层，它与下三叠统俄霍布拉克     

藏南定日县贡扎上白垩统浮游有孔虫生物地层新资料

报道了西藏南部定日的上白垩统浮游有孔虫生物地层新资料,在厚291 m的贡扎剖面中共采集了699个有孔虫样品,平均的样品间距约40 cm,每两个样品间的间距代表约50 000a的时间间隔.根据获得的有孔虫化石及其在地层中的分布,识别出和建立了剖面的12个浮游有孔虫化石带,较为准确地确定了相邻化石带的界线,在此基础上对剖面进行了年代地层的划分.