一种新型蒸气压缩／喷射混合制冷循环的探讨

提出一种压缩／喷射混合制冷循环，该循环相对蒸气压缩制冷循环改动较小，易于实现，钍对此循环进行了理论分析和计算，并与相同工况下的简单蒸气压缩制冷循环作了比较，对７种不同制冷工质讨论了喷射器喷射系数及其效率对循环性能的影响，分析了变工况条件下循环性能系数ＣＯＰ的变化，计算结果表明，新循环能有效地提高循环性能系数。     

利用喷射提高跨临界二氧化碳系统的性能

建立了跨临界二氧化碳蒸气压缩／喷射制冷循环中喷射器的数学模型，讨论了系统稳定运行时的蒸发温度、气体冷却器内压力及其出口温度、过热度等因素对系统性能的影响．结果表明，当工作流流量同扩压段出口蒸气流量相等时系统能够稳定运行．同时，升高蒸发温度能提高系统性能，但蒸气压缩／喷射循环相对简单循环性能系数的提高程度变小；气体冷却器内压力存在最优值，但降低压力能够增大系统性能的改善程度；升高气体冷却器出口温度会降低系统性能，但蒸气压缩／喷射循环相对简单循环性能系数的提高程度将先增大，然后迅速减小．与上述因素相比，过热度的影响很小．     

跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环理论分析

对跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的理论研究,特别是对喷射器工作特性进行数值模拟,有助于改善实验系统的制冷性能。使用动量守恒和能量守恒方程建立了喷射器模型,同时考虑了系统稳态下喷射器出口干度和喷射系数的耦合关系。比较了不同的CO2冷却放热压力、蒸发温度、喷射器喷嘴效率和扩压效率等对理论循环性能的影响。理论分析表明:优化的喷射系数能显著改善制冷循环性能,蒸发温度和CO2冷却放热压力对系统性能的影响比较大,系统性能系数和喷射器喷射系数对喷射器的喷嘴效率和扩压效率的变化不敏感。     

一种新型喷射制冷循环的理论分析

提出了一种新型喷射制冷循环.该循环系统是在常规喷射制冷循环的喷射器和冷凝器之间增加了一个液体-气体射流泵,通过该射流泵可以降低喷射器的背压,提高喷射器的喷射系数,进而改善循环性能.针对此循环进行了理论分析和模拟计算,并与相同工况下常规喷射系统做了比较,重点讨论了工质R134a发生温度和背压改变对系统性能系数的影响.计算结果显示,新循环能有效提高系统的性能系数,使其比常规循环提高1倍以上.尽管新循环消耗的泵功会有所增加,但从的角度分析,新循环可以节约10%~24%的输入,具有更高的效率.     

以R1234yf为替代工质的喷射制冷循环特性

R134a作为喷射制冷循环的工质可获得较高循环性能,但因其具有较高全球变暖潜能值(global warming potential,GWP),所以将逐步被限制使用或被新型绿色环保制冷剂所替代。本文提出以低GWP值的R1234yf作为喷射制冷循环工质,建立了喷射制冷循环热力学数学模型。分析了以R1234yf、R134a和R600a为工质的喷射制冷循环喷射器的喷射因数、制冷量和性能因数随着蒸发温度、冷凝温度和发生器出口温度的变化关系。研究结果表明:相同的工况下,采用R1234yf为工质喷射制冷循环可获得最高喷射器喷射因数和最大制冷量,但以R1234yf为工质喷射制冷循环所获得性能因数(coefficient of performance,COP)较R134a低7.0%,比R600a高20.2%。综合评价认为:R1234yf为工质的喷射制冷循环性能优于R600a,且与采用R134a为工质的喷射制冷循环性能相当。     

双温冰箱压缩／喷射式混合制冷循环系统的设计和实验研究

喷射器的性能、系统运行的稳定性是压缩／喷射式混合制冷循环能否成功地应用于双温冰箱的关键．本文对小型喷射器的设计计算及加工方案和混合循环制冷系统的设计方案进行了细致的理论分析和实验研究．实验结果显示了喷射器的增压作用和混合循环的节能作用;同时,说明了小型喷射器的简化加工方案是可行的,两个蒸发器串联设计的混合循环制冷系统是一种变工况适应能力强、运行更稳定的设计方案     

冰箱喷射器最优喷射系数分析

利用计算流体力学FLUENT软件,建立冰箱喷射器内部流体流动模型,根据新型压缩/喷射混合制冷循环系统冰箱实验样机的实际运行情况和操作参数,对制冷剂在冰箱喷射器内喷射、引射、混合、扩散等现象进行数值仿真研究;对冰箱喷射器混合室流场结构及引射机理进行探讨;同时,研究喉管面积比对冰箱喷射器性能的影响.研究结果表明:冰箱喷射器的操作参数和几何参数对其波系结构影响很大,在其他参数一定的情况下,存在一个最佳的喉管面积比ψopt=7.513,对应于最高的喷射系数u=0.561.     

跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的数值分析

为了更合理的描述喷射器扩压室内的压力变化特性,对已有的跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的热力学模型做了改进,并对扩压室新定义了一种压力系数ηd。建立了相应的数学模型并进行数值模拟,考察了该压力系数ηd 对制冷循环喷射系数和系统性能系数COP的影响,其结果与常规的扩压效率ηk 的影响作用有很好的一致性,说明所改进的热力学模型是可行的;应用该模型分析了压力系数对相关重要参数的影响,结果表明：随压力系数的增大,喷射系数基本不变;COP、压缩机进口温度、喷射器的增压比和喷射器效率增大;压缩机出口温度和压缩比减小;当工作流体压力为9 MPa时,相关参数发生了显著的变化。该压力系数取决于系统喷射器扩压室进出口的压力,方便测量确定。研究方法能够为跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的性能分析提供有益参考。     

一种新型太阳能制冷系统

针对传统蒸气压缩制冷系统和太阳能吸收制冷系统的诸多问题,本文提出一种新型的可利用太阳能的蒸气压缩式制冷系统,该系统是由电驱动的蒸气压缩式制冷循环与太阳能驱动吸收式制冷循环组成的复合式系统,分析系统工作原理与特点,并通过理论计算分析24h时间段太阳辐射强度对组成新系统的吸收制冷循环的循环特性（COP）和新系统的循环特性（COP）的影响。     

小型太阳能喷射制冷用喷射器结构优化的实验研究及计算方法改进

对小型太阳能喷射式制冷用喷射器进行了正交实验研究,得到了此类小型喷射器性能与各参数间的关系,确定了最优的主要结构参数,并认为最优的结构参数与索科洛夫的经典方法计算结果有一定差异.提出了基于实验数据的小型喷射器喷射系数的改进计算方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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