微波固相法制备Cu/ZSM-5催化剂及其催化性能

采用微波固相法和离子交换法制备了Cu/ZSM-5催化剂,利用XRD、IR、BET和SEM等手段对催化剂样品进行了表征,考察了不同方法制备的改性ZSM-5催化剂上Cu的负载量.结果表明,在相同原料质量比下(M(Cu(AC)2)∶M(HZSM-5)=1∶5),微波固相法制备的催化剂中,Cu的负载量为5.65%;离子交换法制备的催化剂中,Cu的负载量为1.86%,且微波固相法所需时间仅为传统加热条件下离子交换法所需时间的1/39,同时微波辐射能促进了活性组分在分子筛表面及孔道上的分散和固态离子交换反应.NO催化分解反应活性结果表明,微波固相法制备的催化剂具有更高的催化分解活性及稳定性.     

微波作用下NaA沸石与C~(2 )a的交换反应研究

研究了微波作用下，ＮａＡ沸石中的Ｎａ＋被Ｃａ２＋交换的反应．反应可在１０ｍｉｎ内完成，而在常规加热下需１ｈ．考察了交换时间、交换液浓度及容器底面积对交换度的影响；用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＳＥＭ表征了样品，并对结果进行了讨论     

磷钨酸催化合成香料苯甲醛正己硫醇缩醛

用大孔阳离子交换树脂和磷钨酸制得离子交换树脂固载磷钨酸催化剂，用此催化剂合成了苯甲醛正己硫醇缩醛，考察了影响其收率的因素．发现催化合成的优化条件为：苯甲醛：正己硫醇：催化剂：二氯甲烷=0．1mol：0．215mol：2．0g：35．0mL，43℃回流下进行，反应时间5．0h，收率可达86．3％，由此可见，离子交换树脂固载磷钨酸为催化剂对苯甲醛和正己硫醇缩醛反应具有较高的催化活性，且稳定性较佳，可重复使用．     

微波作用下La－NaY型沸石的水热交换规律及性能表征

考察了在微波作用下，由ＮａＹ直接一步交换得ＬａＹ的结果。在固定固液比的条件下，考察了不同交换时间、交换液浓度及交换器体积对交换度的影响，并用ＩＲ，ＸＲＤ等手段对所得样品进行了表征；用异丙苯裂解反应考察了所得ＬａＹ的催化活性。实验表明，一步制得ＬａＹ的最大交换度达８７％。     

微波辐射和相转移催化合成β-甲基-β-硝基对甲氧基苯乙烯

在微波辐射和相转移催化剂的条件下，采用Henry反应，快速合成β—甲基—β—硝基对甲氧基苯乙烯．考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、不同的相转移催化剂、反应物的物料比等因素对反应收率的影响．结果表明：在微波辐射功率为130w、微波辐射时间为8min，以PEG—1000做相转移催化剂，反应物的用量为：对甲氧基本甲醛：硝基乙烷：PEG—1000为1：2．5：0．08．在冰乙酸／醋酸铵条件下，产物收率达48．9％。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

采用高压微波辐射技术，以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40／TiO2为多相催化剂，通过甲醇和肉桂酸反应合成肉桂酸甲酯。实验结果表明，TiSiW12O40／TiO2是合成肉桂酸甲酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：n(醇)：n(酸)=5：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，微波功率729W，辐射时间3min．产品平均收率97．4％。     

微波作用下NaAl沸石与Ca^2＋的交换反应研究

研究了微波作用下，ＮａＡ沸石中的Ｎａ＾＋被Ｃａ＾２＋交换的反应，反应可在１０ｍｉｎ内完成，而在常规加热下需１ｈ，考察了交换时间，交换液浓度及容器底面积对交换度的影响；用ＸＲＤ，ＤＴＡ，ＳＥＭ表征了样品，并对结果进行了讨论。     

微波-活性炭催化法处理结晶紫溶液的研究

以结晶紫溶液为处理对象,研究在活性炭存在和通入空气的条件下,微波辐射处理染料废水的可行性及其影响处理过程的因素和影响规律．结果表明：(1)微波具有加速结晶紫裂解和被氧化速度的作用,如在溶液中加入活性炭或通入空气,均能提高结晶紫的去除速率;(2)增加微波辐射电压、处理时间和活性炭用量(固液比)均能提高微波—吸附催化法处理结晶紫溶液的脱色率．不同的溶液浓度,脱色率也不同,浓度越高,脱色率越大;(3)微波辐射—活性炭催化法对结晶紫废水的处理有很好的可行性,在1：10的固液比下,微波辐射30min,可达到99．6％的脱色率．     

水相中酚的催化氧化脱除

制备了一组离子交换蒙脱石催化剂样品，并以水相中苯酚的氧化降解为探针反应，评价和考察了样品的活性及主要影响因素结果表明，在温和条件下，全部样品均有催化活性，其中Ｎｉ＾２＋－交换蒙脱石的活性最为突出，对于含酚工业废水的治理，以Ｎｉ＾２＋－交换蒙脱石为催化剂的湿式催化氧化法（ＣＷＡＯ）具有潜在实用价值。     

超声辐射制备Fe3+/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化降解含酚废水

应用超声辐射法和浸渍法制备了Fe^3＋／γ-Al2O3催化剂,并进行了非均相Fenton试剂反应以降解含酚废水;比较了两种不同方法制备的非均相催化剂的催化性能,并用XRD和XPS技术对Fe^3＋／γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征．研究结果表明：超声辐射法制备的Fe^3＋／γ-Al2O3催化剂具有较高的催化活性,其对苯酚的降解率和降解速率大约为浸渍法的两倍;XRD测定结果表明,催化剂催化降解活性的高低与Fe^3＋／γ-Al2O3表面上的分散状态有关;XPS分析结果表明,超声辐射法制备的催化剂其Fe3O4的衍射峰略低且弥散,半峰宽也较宽,这表明此时Fe3O4在载体上主要以小颗粒高分散状态存在,或是以非晶态的不定形状态存在,这有利于催化剂活性的提高．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that