Taxonomy: Sus bucculentus revisited

In 1997, the rediscovery of Sus bucculentus in Laos was announced by Groves et al.--this wild pig species had gone unrecorded since first being described in 1892. Although the identification of the new specimen was based initially on morphology, the authors also used a 7% sequence divergence from the common Eurasian pig S. scrofa (based on their analysis of 327 base pairs of the gene encoding mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA) as support for the species status of S. bucculentus. Concerned about the large divergence reported for a relatively conserved gene, and the absence of the sequence in any public database, we analysed an additional tissue sample from the specimen and found only 0.6% divergence from S. scrofa. Our more extensive analysis places the sample within the S. scrofa clade, calling into question the species status of S. bucculentus and demonstrating the need for both phylogenetic and morphological evidence in defining species.     

我国法律与国际法如何衔接的研究

我国在加入WTO[1]以后,中外法律冲突时有发生,在技术层面上具体表现为国内法与国际法、国内法与国际惯例的冲突矛盾;在政治和国体层面上还表现为政治制度上深层次的冲突和理念的对立,容易引起纠纷,还会给西方和平演变创造机会,危及国家主权问题。因此,有必要对国内法与国际法如何进行衔接进行研究。     

我国法律与国际法如何衔接的研究

我国在加入WTO[1]以后,中外法律冲突时有发生,在技术层面上具体表现为国内法与国际法、国内法与国际惯例的冲突矛盾;在政治和国体层面上还表现为政治制度上深层次的冲突和理念的对立,容易引起纠纷,还会给西方和平演变创造机会,危及国家主权问题.因此,有必要对国内法与国际法如何进行衔接进行研究.     

川西南地区多重褶皱构造遥感解译

川西南地区地质构造现象复杂多样,处于不同构造分区的交界地带,是研究不同构造体系相互作用关系的典型区域。由于该地区地形多变,原始森林覆盖率较高,传统地质研究方法不能起到良好的作用,使得该地区构造研究较为薄弱。本文以构造地质学和遥感地质学为理论基础,结合遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)方法,对卫星遥感像片进行图像处理,研究过程中充分突出遥感技术与地理信息系统技术在地质分析中的重要性,将不同处理方法得到的图像结果进行对比分析,选取最优影像进行地质解译。     

Using Greedy algorithm： DBSCAN revisited Ⅱ

The density-based clustering algorithm presented is different from the classical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) (Ester et al., 1996), and has the following advantages: first, Greedy algorithm substitutes for R(*)-tree (Bechmann et al., 1990) in DBSCAN to index the clustering space so that the clustering time cost is decreased to great extent and I/O memory load is reduced as well; second, the merging condition to approach to arbitrary-shaped clusters is designed carefully so that a single threshold can distinguish correctly all clusters in a large spatial dataset though some density-skewed clusters live in it. Finally, authors investigate a robotic navigation and test two artificial datasets by the proposed algorithm to verify its effectiveness and efficiency.     

A search for the most stable folds of protein chains

It is generally believed that it is not sensible to search for a thermodynamically stable structure of a protein because neither a molecule nor a computer can look through all the 3(100) possible (for 100 residues) chain conformations. Here we show that the use of a molecular field theory for the long-range interactions, the use of one-dimensional statistical mechanics for the short-range ones and the discovery that there are and there must be only a small discrete set of folding patterns, make it possible to examine all the variety of 'potentially stable' structures. The general approach and its application is demonstrated here by calculation of stable folds for some beta domains. The most stable of these folds correspond to the observed structures.     

Supercompiler Scp4: Use of quasi-distributive laws in program transformation

The author constructed a transformer Scp4 of functional programs. The transformer uses the technology known as Turchin’s supercompilation. Scp4 was implemented in a functional language Refal-5. The input language for Scp4 is also Refal-5. In the present paper we give an outline of the supercompilar and consider a number of tools of the transformer in details. The tools can be formally thought of as quasi-distributive laws.     

The scaling laws of human travel

The dynamic spatial redistribution of individuals is a key driving force of various spatiotemporal phenomena on geographical scales. It can synchronize populations of interacting species, stabilize them, and diversify gene pools. Human travel, for example, is responsible for the geographical spread of human infectious disease. In the light of increasing international trade, intensified human mobility and the imminent threat of an influenza A epidemic, the knowledge of dynamical and statistical properties of human travel is of fundamental importance. Despite its crucial role, a quantitative assessment of these properties on geographical scales remains elusive, and the assumption that humans disperse diffusively still prevails in models. Here we report on a solid and quantitative assessment of human travelling statistics by analysing the circulation of bank notes in the United States. Using a comprehensive data set of over a million individual displacements, we find that dispersal is anomalous in two ways. First, the distribution of travelling distances decays as a power law, indicating that trajectories of bank notes are reminiscent of scale-free random walks known as Lévy flights. Second, the probability of remaining in a small, spatially confined region for a time T is dominated by algebraically long tails that attenuate the superdiffusive spread. We show that human travelling behaviour can be described mathematically on many spatiotemporal scales by a two-parameter continuous-time random walk model to a surprising accuracy, and conclude that human travel on geographical scales is an ambivalent and effectively superdiffusive process.     

二次极值之累次极限律

（Ｘｍ，ｎ；ｍ，ｎ≥１）是两个下标的独立同分布随机序列，Ｍ（ｍ，ｎ）表示Ｘｍ，１．．．，Ｘｍ，ｎ的第ｋ个最大值，Ｙ（ｍ，ｎ；ｋ）表Ｍ（１，ｎ）．．．Ｍ（ｍ，ｎ）的第ｌ个最大值Ｙ，（ｍ，ｎ；ｋ）的累次极限分布，证明了其极分布是三种经典极值类型之一。