24-亚甲基胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇的合成

从豆甾醇出发,先合成了胆甾-5-烯-24-酮-3β-乙酸酯(2);再用过甲酸将2的5,6位双键氧化为环氧化物,后者在碱性条件下立体专一地开环得胆甾-3β,5α,6β-三羟基-24-酮(3),用醋酐将化合物3的C3-βOH和C6-βOH乙酰化保护后用亚硫酰氯脱水得胆甾-4-烯-24-酮基-3β,6β-二乙酸酯(4),4在碱性条件下脱去乙酰基得胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二羟基-24-酮(5);化合物5通过Wittig反应将C-24羰基亚甲基化得到目标化合物24-亚甲基胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇1,总产率为26%.合成化合物1的光谱数据与分离得到的天然物完全一致.     

熊果酸的4-氯半乳糖衍生物的合成

以a-D-三乙酰基-1-溴-4-氯半乳糖为原料,经Koenigs-Knorr反应、酯化反应,得到3-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4'-氯半乳糖熊果酸乙酯(UA2)、3-羟基-28-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4"-氯半乳糖熊果酸酯(UA5)和3-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4'-氯半乳糖熊果酸-28-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4"-氯半乳糖酯(UA8);研究了熊果酸衍生物脱乙酰基的条件,实验表明.在稀盐酸条件下得到4-氯半乳糖的2位保留乙酰摹的产物,在固体氢氧化钠条件下得到全脱乙酰基的产物;共合成了9个熊果酸的4-氯半乳糖衍生物,所有目标化合物均为新化合物,其结构经NMR得以确认.     

乙酰基咪唑烷酮衍生物的合成及其对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

以乙酰基咪唑烷酮为原料,分别与非甾体抗炎药阿司匹林、吲哚美辛反应,合成乙酰基咪唑烷酮衍生物,并观察其对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响。根据拼合原理(mosaic theory)进行化学结构修饰,经卤代、缩合,合成目标化合物,应用水迷宫法检测小鼠行为学变化。合成了2个新化合物2-(1-乙酰基-2-咪唑酮-3-羰基)乙酸苯酯(目标化合物A),1-乙酰基-3-(2-(1-(4-氯-)5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚基)乙酰基-)2-咪唑烷酮(目标化合物B),产率分别为20.7%,30.5%。在水迷宫实验中,与模型组比较,目标化合物A可使小鼠游全程时间缩短,错误次数减少。合成方法工艺稳定可靠,条件温和,原料绿色安全,操作简单,目标化合物A对小鼠的学习、记忆能力有增强作用。     

N4-[二-(4-氟苯)甲基]哌嗪缩氨基硫脲化合物的合成研究

通过CS2OH2N-NH2．H2O,（CH3）2SO4反应制得肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯,肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯再与相应的醛或酮,通过缩合反应制得中间体化合物1a-1d,产率80％-95％、以乙醇作溶剂,1与N^4-[二-（4-氟苯）甲基]哌嗪发生取代反应制得相应的目标化合物2a-2d,产率67％～84％．共计合成目标化合物4个,均为新化合物．以上新化合物均经熔点、质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证.     

香草酸糖酯和糖苷化合物的合成

在相转移催化剂作用下将香草酸与O-乙酰基溴代半乳糖、O-乙酰基溴代麦芽糖偶联立体专一的合成了新化合物香草酸-4-β-D-2′,3′,4′,6′-四乙酰半乳糖苷-1-D-2″,3″,4″,6″-四乙酰半乳糖酯和香草酸麦芽糖酯.,经1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和IR确定了它们的结构.     

3-缩氨硫脲胆甾金属配合物的合成

基于甾体金属配合物可能具有的抗癌活性,本文从胆甾醇出发,通过4步反应,合成得到6-氧代-3-胆甾缩胺硫脲,然后以它作为配体,进一步与铂及铜离子配合,合成得到2个3-缩氨硫脲甾体金属配合物——二氯.[6-氧代胆甾-3-缩氨硫脲-N,S]合铂(II)和二氯化双[6-氧代胆甾-3-缩氨硫脲-N,S]合铜(II),并对合成物进行了结构表征。     

粟甾酮类似物2α,3α—二羟基—6—胆甾酮的合成

本文报道粟甾酮(2)A/B环类似物2α,3α-二羟基-6-胆甾酮(1)的合成。以胆甾醇(4)为起始物,经硝化、还原和酸催化水解,得3-羟基-6-羰基胆甾烷(6),碱催化苯磺酰化,消去苯磺酸得6-羰基-2-胆甾烯(8),用KMnO_4-PEG800氧化后得目标物(1)。总产率45.1％。本合成路线的总产率高、步骤少,并且产物的后处理简便。     

3-乙酰氧基胆甾-5-烯-19-羟基-24-酮的制备与表征

通过3β-乙酰氧基-5-烯胆甾-24-酮（2）与N-溴代乙酰胺（NBA）反应得到3β-乙酰氧基-5α-溴-6β-羟基胆甾-24-酮（3），（3）通过光环化反应后不经分离直接通过锌粉/乙酸水解得到52%产率的化合物3-乙酰氧基胆甾-5-烯-19-羟基-24-酮（5）。缩短了合成天然多羟基甾醇24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β，7β，19-三醇（1）的时间并减少中间过程的物损耗，进一步提高了反应产率。     

海兔毒素(Aplysiatoxin)C9-C21合成子的合成

为了提高海兔毒素(Aplysiatoxin)的产量,合成海兔毒素C_9-C_(21)合成子。以1-羟基-2-(S)-甲基丙酸甲酯1为原料,通过醚化和酯还原制得中间体2,同时又以噁唑烷酮3与丙酰氯反应制得中间体4。中间体2和4经羟醛缩合高立体选择性的制备化合物5;接着用TES保护3’-位羟基和脱除噁唑酮并还原得到醇,进一步将羟基碘取代得到化合物8;碘代物8与化合物9反应并进一步水解得到酮10,最后通过Corey不对称还原法(CBS还原)将酮立体选择性的还原为S-羟基化合物11。产品的纯度可达到93%,总收率为29.1%,产物结构均由旋光、NMR和LC-MS确证。     

三羧基分枝状胆甾衍生物的合成

报道了新型肝靶向性脂质体配体重要中间体-胆甾三羧基分枝状胆甾衍生物〖WTHZ〗L〖WT〗的合成.以寡聚乙二醇单胆固醇醚为起始原料,经过磺酰化,叠氮化,还原,偶合等反应得到目标化合物.该配体中采用分支试剂季戊四醇来连接胆固醇和功能基团,从而使该化合物具有多个羧基的树状结构,能与多个胰岛素相结合,提高暴露在脂质体表面的胰岛素残基数量,从而提高脂质体对肝细胞的亲和力,增强肝靶向性.该重要中间体的合成能在温和条件下进行,并得到较高的收率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with