抛物量子点中极化子的声子平均数

采用幺正变换及线性组合算符法,导出抛物量子点中极化子的声子平均数,讨论了强、弱耦合的两种极限情况．结果表明,电子周围的声子平均数随着电子-声子耦合强度的增加而增大．     

耦合强度和磁场对光学极化子平均声子数的影响

应用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法,研究磁场和耦合强度对光学极化子平均声子数的影响.数值计算表明：当电子接近晶体表面时,趋于弱耦合极限,光学极化子的平均声子数为零;当电子远离晶体表面时,振动频率和平均声子数均与磁场强度及耦合参数有关,且随磁场强度和耦合参数的变化而变化.     

盘型量子点中弱耦合极化子的声子平均数

采用修改的线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法研究了在抛物限制势下量子盘中弱耦合极化子的声子平均数.讨论了在弱耦合情况下,电子周围的平均声子数与电子-体纵光学声子耦合强度以及极化子速度的关系.数值计算结果表明：盘型量子点中弱耦合极化子的声子平均数随电子-体纵光学声子耦合强度和极化子速度的增加而增大.     

量子棒中弱耦合磁极化子的平均声子数

具有椭球边界量子棒经过坐标变换成球形边界的哈密顿量.采用线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法研究量子棒中弱耦合磁极化子的平均声子数随电子-声子耦合强度、椭球的纵横比的变化关系.数值计算,结果表明:量子棒中弱耦合磁极化子的平均声子数随电子-声子耦合强度的增加而增加,随椭球的纵横比的增加而减少.     

耗散原子-腔场复合系统中线性熵的演化特性

应用全量子理论研究了两个纠缠的耗散腔场与穿过其中一个腔场的二能级Rydberg原予相互作用过程中原子的线性熵、两个腔场的线性熵及原子-腔场复合系统的线性熵的演化特性.通过数值计算,讨论了共振情况下耗散常数和原子-光场相互作用耦合强度对原子的线性熵、两个腔场的线性熵及原子-腔场复合系统的线性熵演化特性的影响.结果表明:原子的线性熵、两个腔场的线性熵、原子-腔场复合系统的线性熵的演化都较强地依赖于原子-光场相互作用耦合强度和耗散常数.耗散常数和原子-光场相互作用强度不仅影响量子场熵演化的振荡性,而且影响线性场熵演化的周期性.     

三能级人工原子-声学腔耦合系统中的声子阻塞效应

研究了与级联型三能级人工原子耦合的声学腔中的声子统计.研究采取的模型是由一个级联型三能级人工原子和两个声学布拉格镜组成，其中两个布拉格镜组成系统的声学腔.研究表明，在弱驱动和强控制场的作用下，模型中将产生常规声子阻塞，系统耦合强度和控制场强度对声子阻塞具有较大影响.此外，还研究了环境热噪声对声子阻塞的破坏作用.这项工作为实验上实现声子阻塞提供了一个可行的方案，可用于制备单声子源.     

抛物量子线中极化子的光学声子平均数

采用线性组合算符法和变分法，在考虑电子—LO声子相互作用情况下，分别计算了抛物量子线中强、弱耦合情形下极化子的振动频率和光学声子平均数．数值计算结果表明，两种情况下，光学声子平均数都随耦合强度的增大而增大．强耦合极化子的振动频率和声子平均数随有效受限长度的减小而迅速增大。     

电子速度对半导体量子点中极化子的声子平均数的影响

采用改进的线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究半导体量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的振动频率和声子平均数的性质．导出了电子速度对半导体量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的声子平均数的影响．数值计算结果表明：半导体量子点中强耦合极化子的振动频率随量子点的受限强度的增加而增大，半导体量子点中强、弱耦合极化子的声子平均数随电子速度的增加而增加     

量子阱中束缚光学极化子

采用线性组合算符及幺正变换方法研究了量子阱中强、弱耦合束缚光学极化子的性质．导出了量子阱中束缚光学极化子的基态能量与库仑束缚势、电子-LO声子的耦合强度和阱宽的变化关系．通过数值计算结果表明：基态能量因电子-LO声子的耦合强度和库仑束缚势的不同而不同，它随电子-LO声子的耦合强度和库仑束缚势的增大而增大，当电子-LO声子的耦合强度和库仑束缚势取某一定值时随阱宽的增大而增大．     

非对称量子点中磁极化子声子平均数的温度特性

采用Huybrechts线性组合算符法和Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)幺正变换法,研究了非称抛物量子点内弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率和声子平均数的温度依赖性.数值计算结果表明,非对称量子点中弱耦合磁极化子的振动频率随量子点的横向受限强度、纵向受限强度和外磁场回旋频率的增加而增大,弱耦合磁极化子的声子平均数随电子-声子耦合强度的增加而增大,随温度的升高而减小.     

Circuit cavity electromechanics in the strong-coupling regime

Demonstrating and exploiting the quantum nature of macroscopic mechanical objects would help us to investigate directly the limitations of quantum-based measurements and quantum information protocols, as well as to test long-standing questions about macroscopic quantum coherence. Central to this effort is the necessity of long-lived mechanical states. Previous efforts have witnessed quantum behaviour, but for a low-quality-factor mechanical system. The field of cavity optomechanics and electromechanics, in which a high-quality-factor mechanical oscillator is parametrically coupled to an electromagnetic cavity resonance, provides a practical architecture for cooling, manipulation and detection of motion at the quantum level. One requirement is strong coupling, in which the interaction between the two systems is faster than the dissipation of energy from either system. Here, by incorporating a free-standing, flexible aluminium membrane into a lumped-element superconducting resonant cavity, we have increased the single-photon coupling strength between these two systems by more than two orders of magnitude, compared to previously obtained coupling strengths. A parametric drive tone at the difference frequency between the mechanical oscillator and the cavity resonance dramatically increases the overall coupling strength, allowing us to completely enter the quantum-enabled, strong-coupling regime. This is evidenced by a maximum normal-mode splitting of nearly six bare cavity linewidths. Spectroscopic measurements of these 'dressed states' are in excellent quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The basic circuit architecture presented here provides a feasible path to ground-state cooling and subsequent coherent control and measurement of long-lived quantum states of mechanical motion.     

多原子晶体中极化子的光学声子平均数

研究多原子晶体中极化子光学声子平均数的性质．采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法，分别导出多原子晶体中强、弱耦合极化子的光学声子平均数．结果表明：对于弱耦合得到光学声子平均数是由不同支声子与电子耦合产生的声子平均数之和的通常结果，对于强耦合存在一个由于不同支声子之间交叉项贡献的附加声子平均数。     

Cavity QED with a Bose-Einstein condensate

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) describes the coherent interaction between matter and an electromagnetic field confined within a resonator structure, and is providing a useful platform for developing concepts in quantum information processing. By using high-quality resonators, a strong coupling regime can be reached experimentally in which atoms coherently exchange a photon with a single light-field mode many times before dissipation sets in. This has led to fundamental studies with both microwave and optical resonators. To meet the challenges posed by quantum state engineering and quantum information processing, recent experiments have focused on laser cooling and trapping of atoms inside an optical cavity. However, the tremendous degree of control over atomic gases achieved with Bose-Einstein condensation has so far not been used for cavity QED. Here we achieve the strong coupling of a Bose-Einstein condensate to the quantized field of an ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity and present a measurement of its eigenenergy spectrum. This is a conceptually new regime of cavity QED, in which all atoms occupy a single mode of a matter-wave field and couple identically to the light field, sharing a single excitation. This opens possibilities ranging from quantum communication to a wealth of new phenomena that can be expected in the many-body physics of quantum gases with cavity-mediated interactions.     

Experimental realization of a one-atom laser in the regime of strong coupling

Conventional lasers (from table-top systems to microscopic devices) typically operate in the so-called weak-coupling regime, involving large numbers of atoms and photons; individual quanta have a negligible impact on the system dynamics. However, this is no longer the case when the system approaches the regime of strong coupling for which the number of atoms and photons can become quite small. Indeed, the lasing properties of a single atom in a resonant cavity have been extensively investigated theoretically. Here we report the experimental realization of a one-atom laser operated in the regime of strong coupling. We exploit recent advances in cavity quantum electrodynamics that allow one atom to be isolated in an optical cavity in a regime for which one photon is sufficient to saturate the atomic transition. The observed characteristics of the atom-cavity system are qualitatively different from those of the familiar many-atom case. Specifically, our measurements of the intracavity photon number versus pump intensity indicate that there is no threshold for lasing, and we infer that the output flux from the cavity mode exceeds that from atomic fluorescence by more than tenfold. Observations of the second-order intensity correlation function demonstrate that our one-atom laser generates manifestly quantum (nonclassical) light, typified by photon anti-bunching and sub-poissonian photon statistics.     

声子之间相互作用对磁场中晶体性质影响的研究进展

综述了近年来对电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间相互作用对磁场中晶体性质的影响方面的部分工作,在第一节中从磁场中电子一表面光学声子和电子一体纵光学声子系的哈密顿量出发,用线性组合算符和微扰法研究声子之间相互作用对弱耦合磁极化子的基态能量、自陷能和有效质量的影响,在第二节中研究了声子之间相互作用对与表面光学声子和体纵光学声子弱耦合的表面磁极化子的诱生势和有效质量的影响在第三节中研究了相应的声子之间相互作用对与表面光学声子耦合强,与体纵光学声子耦合弱的表面磁极化子的振动频率、诱生势和有效质量的影响,在第四节中研究了声子之间相互作用对与表面光学声子耦合强,与表面声学声子耦合弱的极性半导体中通过形变势的表面磁极化子的诱生势和有效质量的影响.     

外磁场中的强耦合极化子性质

运用变分法系统地研究了外磁场下极化子的电声子耦合作用,其中具体考虑了电子和表面光学声子（ＳＯ）的强耦合作用以及与体纵光学声子（ＬＯ）的弱耦合作用,应用Ｈｕｙｂｅｒｔｃｈ提出的变分方法和二次么正变换,给出了电子－声相互作用能,数值结果表明：随着电子和晶体表面距离的增加,电子－表面光学声子相互作用能的数值减小,而电子－体纵光学声子相互作用能的数值增大;磁场增强,电子与两种声子之间的相互作用均增强。     

量子棒中弱耦合极化子声子平均数

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换的方法研究了在抛物限制势下量子棒中电子一体纵光学（LO）声子弱耦合极化子中电子周围的平均声子数．讨论了在弱耦合情况下,电子周围的平均声子数与电子-声子耦合常数及纵横比的关系．     

Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity system

Cavity quantum electrodynamics, a central research field in optics and solid-state physics, addresses properties of atom-like emitters in cavities and can be divided into a weak and a strong coupling regime. For weak coupling, the spontaneous emission can be enhanced or reduced compared with its vacuum level by tuning discrete cavity modes in and out of resonance with the emitter. However, the most striking change of emission properties occurs when the conditions for strong coupling are fulfilled. In this case there is a change from the usual irreversible spontaneous emission to a reversible exchange of energy between the emitter and the cavity mode. This coherent coupling may provide a basis for future applications in quantum information processing or schemes for coherent control. Until now, strong coupling of individual two-level systems has been observed only for atoms in large cavities. Here we report the observation of strong coupling of a single two-level solid-state system with a photon, as realized by a single quantum dot in a semiconductor microcavity. The strong coupling is manifest in photoluminescence data that display anti-crossings between the quantum dot exciton and cavity-mode dispersion relations, characterized by a vacuum Rabi splitting of about 140 microeV.