Influence of aluminium nitride as a foaming agent on the preparation of foam glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

To effectively reuse high-titanium blast furnace slag (TS), foam glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by powder sintering at 1000℃. TS and waste glass were used as the main raw materials, aluminium nitride (AlN) as the foaming agent, and borax as the fluxing agent. The influence of the amount of AlN added (1wt%–5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of the produced foam glass-ceramics was studied. The results showed that the main crystal phases were perovskite, diopside, and augite. With increasing AlN content, a transformation from diopside to augite occurred and the crystallinity of the pyroxene phases slightly decreased. Initially, the average pore size and porosity of the foam glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased; similarly, their bulk density and compressive strength decreased and subsequently increased. The optimal properties were obtained when the foam glass-ceramics were prepared by adding 4wt% AlN.     

Influence of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> addition on the preparation of foamed glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

Foamed glass-ceramics doped with cerium oxide (CeO₂) were successfully prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag by one-step sintering. The influence of CeO₂ addition (1.5wt%–3.5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. Results show that CeO₂ improves the stability of the glass phase and changes the two-dimensional crystallization mechanism into three-dimensional one. XRD analysis indicates the presence of Ca(Mg, Fe)Si₂O₆ and Ca(Ti, Mg, Al)(Si, Al)₂O₆ in all sintered samples. Added with CeO₂, TiCeO₄ precipitates, and crystallinity increases, leading to increased thickness of pore walls and uniform pores. The comprehensive properties of foamed glass-ceramics are better than that of samples without CeO₂. In particular, the sample added with a suitable amount of CeO₂ (2.5wt%) exhibits bulk density that is similar to and compressive strength (14.9 MPa) that is more than twice of foamed glass-ceramics without CeO₂.     

烧结温度对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

为了探究烧结温度对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响,通过四种温度(825、850、875、900 ℃)热压烧结,成功制备了铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料。研究了材料的微观组织、密度、硬度、抗压强度、摩擦性能,由此得到材料的较佳烧结温度。结果表明,在四种烧结温度下,材 料中的各元素能均匀地分布在Cu基体中。随着烧结温度的升高,密度、硬度、抗压强度和摩擦因数都先增大后减小,而孔隙率和磨损量先减小后增大。Cr能改善Cu与C之间的湿润性,提高金属基体与非金属组元之间的结合强度,从而使材料的密度增大;Ni、Mn能向Cu中扩散,形成固溶体,阻碍位错运动,提高材料的硬度。铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料较佳烧结温度为850 ℃,此时的密度为6.17 g/cm³,孔隙率为8.62%,维氏硬度为81.2,抗压强度为172.8 MPa,摩擦因数为0.37,磨损量为0.074 g。     

Effects of sintering atmosphere on the physical and mechanical properties of modified BOF slag glass

This study proposes an efficient way to utilize all the chemical components of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag to prepare high value-added glass-ceramics. A molten modified BOF slag was converted from the melting BOF slag by reducing it and separating out iron component in it, and the modified BOF slag was then quenched in water to form glasses with different basicities. The glasses were subsequently sintered in the temperature range of 600–1000℃ in air or nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h. The effects of different atmospheres on the physical and mechanical properties of sintered samples were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by conducting experiment on evaluating the sintering shrinkage, water absorption and bulk density. It is found that the kinetics of the sintering process is significantly affected by sintering atmosphere. In particular, compared with sintering in air atmosphere, sintering in N₂ atmosphere promotes the synergistic growth of pyroxene and melilite crystalline phases, which can contribute to better mechanical properties and denser microstructure.     

Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys

Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique. The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction, microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression tests, and microhardness tests. Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity, presence of precipitates, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties. The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti-51at%Ni samples sintered at 900℃ for 5 min or at 900℃ for 30 min. The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19' were observed in the microstructure of Ti-51at%Ni, and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time. In the DSC thermograms, multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating, whereas a single peak was observed during cooling; these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2, R, and β19' phases. The maximum strength and strain among the Ti-51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%, respectively, for the sample sintered at 900℃ for 30 min because of this sample's minimal porosity.     

钢渣基高碱度微晶玻璃的一步法制备及工艺参数研究

为了提高微晶玻璃原料中高钙冶金渣的掺量,需要制备出碱度更高的微晶玻璃. 本文采用一步法,以钢渣为主要原料,制备碱度( CaO与SiO2的质量比)为0. 9的钢渣基高碱度微晶玻璃. 通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和性能测试等手段,研究热处理条件对微晶玻璃微观形貌及线收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度等性能的影响规律. 研究表明,高碱度微晶玻璃适合采用一步法制备工艺,当在1100℃保温120 min时,微晶玻璃烧结过程基本完成,此时获得最大体积密度2. 4 g·cm-3 ,最高抗折强度56. 4 MPa. 微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铝黄长石,副晶相为辉石. 基础玻璃颗粒在升温过程中完成了成核和析晶过程,而在保温过程中主要进行的是基础玻璃颗粒的烧结致密化和晶体的进一步发育. 升温至1100℃保温30 min,微晶玻璃的抗折强度超过45 MPa,微晶玻璃内部晶体呈方柱状交织排列并构成晶体骨架分布在残余的玻璃基体中;随着保温时间的增加,微晶玻璃的线性烧结收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度均逐渐增大,而晶相的含量基本保持不变,晶体逐渐由球形颗粒状和短柱状发育为长柱状. 晶体的形状以及与残余玻璃相构成的整体致密结构是导致高碱度微晶玻璃力学性能提高的主要因素.     

Low temperature spark plasma sintering of TC4/HA composites

Ti6Al4V/hydroxyapatite composites(TC4/HA) have been prepared by high energy ball milling and low temperature spark plasma sintering at 600 °C, 550 °C, 500 °C and 450 °C, respectively. The sintering temperature of the composites was sharply decreased as the result of the activation and sur fi cial modi fi cation effects induced from high energy ball milling. The decomposition and reaction of hydroxyapatite was successfully avoided, which offers the composites superior biocompatibility. The hydroxyapatite in the composites was distributed in gap uniformly, and formed an ideal network structure. The lowest hardness, compressive strength and Young's modulus of the composites satisfy the requirements of human bone.     

High-temperature mechanical properties and deformation behavior of high Nb containing TiAl alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering

A high Nb containing TiAl alloy was prepared from the pre-alloyed powder of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2B-0.2W-0.02Y (at%) by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Its high-temperature mechanical properties and compressive deformation behavior were investigated in a temperature range of 700 to 1050℃ and a strain rate range of 0.002 to 0.2 s-1. The results show that the high-temperature mechanical properties of the high Nb containing TiAl alloy are sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate, and the sensitivity to strain rate tends to rise with the deformation temperature increasing. The hot workability of the alloy is good at temperatures higher than 900℃, while fracture occurs at lower temperatures. The flow curves of the samples compressed at or above 900℃ exhibit obvious flow softening after the peak stress. Under the deformation condition of 900-1050℃ and 0.002-0.2 s-1, the interrelations of peak flow stress, strain rate, and deformation temperature follow the Arrhenius' equation modified by a hyperbolic sine function with a stress exponent of 5.99 and an apparent activation energy of 441.2 kJ·mol-1.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-Mo alloys for dental applications

Ti-Mo alloys with various Mo contents from 6wt% to 14wt% were processed by spark plasma sintering based on elemental powders. The influence of sintering temperature and Mo content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting alloys were investigated. For each Mo concentration, the optimum sintering temperature was determined, resulting in a fully dense and uniform microstructure of the alloy. The optimized sintering temperature gradually increases in the range of 1100–1300℃ with the increase in Mo content. The microstructure of the Ti-(6–12)Mo alloy consists of acicular α phase surrounded by equiaxed grains of β phase, while the Ti-14Mo alloy only contains single β phase. A small amount of fine α lath precipitated from β phase contributes to the improvement in strength and hardness of the alloys. Under the sintering condition at 1250℃, the Ti-12Mo alloy is found to possess superior mechanical properties with the Vickers hardness of Hv 472, the compressive yield strength of 2182 MPa, the compression rate of 32.7%, and the elastic modulus of 72.1 GPa. These results demonstrate that Ti-Mo alloys fabricated via spark plasma sintering are indeed a perspective candidate alloy for dental applications.     

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi<Subscript>10</Subscript>Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi₁₀Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃. CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi₁₀Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt%. However, when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt%, the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed. Moreover, the mechanical properties (including the densities, compressive strength, and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt%. Meanwhile, the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi₁₀Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt% CNTs.     

免烘干脱水污泥制备陶粒的试验研究

采用未经烘干的脱水污泥与粘土,利用粘土良好的吸水性,将污泥放置于粘土中捣制并混合制备陶粒,减少了脱水污泥在与粘土混合前需要单独对污泥进行烘干这一步骤.试验表明:经过优化后的陶粒制备方法可以生产出性能优异的轻质陶粒.随着烧焙温度的增加,陶粒的堆积密度减小、吸水率增大、单颗抗压强度减小;随着污泥掺量的增加,陶粒的堆积密度增大,单颗抗压强度亦会增强.     

Effect of trace Zn, P and Mg additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-Si-Ti alloys

The effects of Zn,P and Mg additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-22Ti-3Si alloys were studied. The phases of Nbss and Nb_3Si presented in Nb-22Ti-3Si(AC1),Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Zn(AC2) and Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2Mg alloys(AC3). The Nb-22Ti-3Si-0.2P(AC4) alloy consisted of Nbss,Nb_3Si network and eutectic cell of Nbss/α-Nb_5Si_3.By the addition of Zn,the Nb_3Si network was broken and the volume fraction of Nbss increased from 92%to 96%.The values of fracture toughness of the alloy AC2 at ambien...     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结性能及其组织的研究

研究了温度与碳含量对Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷烧结性能及组织的影响，研究结果表明：材料的抗弯强度对烧结温度最敏感，而密度、硬度、平均线收缩系数对烧结温度的敏感性依次递减；材料中碳粉含量增加时，会使其烧结温度明显降低，当添加量为２．２％时，金属陶瓷组织中会出现石墨相，使材料的抗弯强度下降．     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

Novel sintering behavior of polystyrene nano-latex particles in filming process

Filming process of polystyrene nano-latex (NPS) particles was studied by a combination of various methods. For a constant annealing time of 1 h, the AFM images showed that the deformation and sintering temperatures for NPS particles were ca. 90℃ and 100℃ respectively. In spin-lattice relaxation measurements of solid state NMR, it is found that T_1L, T_1S and I_1L/I₀ increased significantly after annealing at 90℃ and above. DSC results showed that there was an exothermic peak near T_g after annealing for 1 h at the selected temperatures below 95℃; otherwise, the exothermic peak disappeared after annealing at 100℃ or above. The apparent density of NPS increased suddenly in the temperature range. The results implied that the macromolecules in NPS particles are in a confined state with higher conformational energy and less cohensional interactions which are the drive force for the sintering at a lower temperature compared with the multichain PS particles and the bulk polymer.     

Fabrication of solid-phase-sintered SiC-based composites with short carbon fibers

Solid-phase-sintered SiC-based composites with short carbon fibers (Csf/SSiC) in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10wt% were prepared by pressureless sintering at 2100°C. The phase composition, microstructure, density, and flexural strength of the composites with different Csf contents were investigated. SEM micrographs showed that the Csf distributed in the SSiC matrix homogeneously with some gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces. The densities of the composites decreased with increasing Csf content. However, the bending strength first increased and then decreased with increasing Csf content, reaching a maximum value of 390 MPa at a Csf content of 5wt%, which was 60 MPa higher than that of SSiC because of the pull-out strengthening mechanism. Notably, Csf was graphitized and damaged during the sintering process because of the high temperature and reaction with boron derived from the sintering additive B₄C; this graphitization degraded the fiber strengthening effect.     

高温对活性粉末混凝土抗压强度和热膨胀性能的影响

研究了不同钢纤维掺量的活性粉末混凝土(RPC)高温后的抗压强度和20~800℃温度段内的线膨胀系数,借助TGDSC测试手段对RPC热膨胀性能变化规律进行机理分析。结果表明:随温度升高,RPC抗压强度呈下降趋势,在200℃内下降缓慢;200℃以上下降较快;钢纤维掺量越高,剩余抗压强度越高;线膨胀系数总体呈现先升高后下降的趋势,钢纤维掺量为1%时较素RPC大,钢纤维掺量大于等于2%时较素RPC小。     

海藻酸钠对泡沫混凝土强度的影响

研究了海藻酸钠溶液的温度和掺量对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和SEM测试技术,分析了海藻酸钠对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响机理。结果表明,在以双氧水为发泡剂的体系中,随着海藻酸钠溶液掺量的增加,泡沫混凝土的抗压强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,添加适量的海藻酸钠,可降低发泡孔径、促进水泥和生活垃圾焚烧炉渣的水化以及增强孔壁的密实度,从而使泡沫混凝土的抗压强度得到了显著的提高。     

Structural,mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT-304 stainless steel nanocomposites

In this work, a systematic investigation was performed on the structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT incorporated 304 stainless steel. Various concentrations of CNT from 0.5 to 4 wt% were incorporated into the 304 stainless steel matrix to investigate the feasibility of fabrication and enhancement of strength and other material properties. The fabrication of CNT-steel composite was achieved through a spark plasma sintering process at a sintering temperature of 800℃. Raman and morphological studies confirmed that the CNT structure was retained in the sintered pellets. Optimum performance was found at 0.5 wt% CNT giving a Vickers hardness of 351 Hv and compressive yield strength of 404 MPa which were 5.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, those of pristine steel. Corrosion studies with 3.5 wt% Na Cl solution revealed a slight increase in the corrosion rate for CNT dispersed samples.     

MnO2对8YSZ低温活化烧结及其性能的影响

以MnO2为8YSZ的烧结助剂,研究MnO2含量和烧结工艺参数对8YSZ活化烧结及其性能的影响.采用阿基米德排水法、维氏显微硬度仪、电子万能试验机对烧结块体的致密度、硬度和抗弯强度进行分析,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析(XRD)对其微观形貌和相组成进行表征.实验结果表明:块体的致密度随着MnO2含量的增加而逐渐增加,当MnO2添加量为3％时获得了最好的烧结效果;随着温度的升高,块体致密度也逐渐增加,在1300℃烧结4h时,致密度达到了98.59％:在此条件下,样品的硬度与抗弯强度均为最佳,分别为1830.21(HV)与235.46 MPa.