Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.     

Bulk Al-Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al₃Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600℃ for 1 h to form stable Al₃Zr. The prepared Al₃Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al-Al₃Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550℃. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600℃ for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al₃Zr phase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al₃Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al₃Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al-10wt%Al₃Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al₃Zr composite at 300℃ is just 10% lower than that at room temperature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

Microstructure characterization of a pressureless infiltrating oxidized SiCp preform by Al-8Mg

The microstructure of a pressureless infiltrating 55vol% oxidized SiC preform by Al-8Mg alloy was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction. The TEM image of the interface between Al and SiC shows that the surface of SiC is covered by a rough nanocrystal layer of MgAl₂O₄, Al₂O₃, and Si, produced by the interfacial reaction of Al, Mg, and SiO₂ on the surface of SiC. The Al-SiC interface is also examined by HRTEM to be better understood how MgAl₂O₄ and Al₂O₃ are produced. Dendritic Al₂O₃ crystals are embedded in the pores of the composite generated from the mutual bonding of SiO₂ on the surface of SiC. Columnar AlN crystals of about 250 nm in length are bunched vertically on the SiC particle surface.     

Transient spinodal decomposition during annealing of rapidly solidified Al-10Sr alloy

Rapidly solidified Al-10Sr alloy ribbons were prepared using a single roller melt spinning technique. The annealing process of the rapidly solidified Al-10Sr alloy has been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microstructure of as-annealed Al-10Sr alloy has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The equilibrium AUSr phase is dominant in the as-annealed alloy. Besides the Al₄Sr phase, an AlSr phase is also found in the alloy isothermally annealed at 873 K for 90 min. Furthermore, a modulated nanostructure was observed in the alloy isothermally annealed at 873 K for 90 min. With further prolonged annealing time, however, the AlSr phase disappears in the as-annealed alloy. The dependence of particle size and growth rate on annealing time as well as the modulated structure shows that the occurrence of the AlSr phase may be due to the spinodal decomposition.     

9Cr?5Si?3Al铁素体耐热钢的高温氧化行为

To improve the oxidation properties of ferritic heat-resistant steels, an Al-bearing 9Cr?5Si?3Al ferritic heat-resistant steel was designed. We then conducted cyclic oxidation tests to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behavior of 9Cr?5Si and 9Cr?5Si?3Al ferritic heat-resistant steels at 900 and 1000°C. The characteristics of the oxide layer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the oxidation kinetics curves of the two tested steels follow the parabolic law, with the parabolic rate constant k_p of 9Cr?5Si?3Al steel being much lower than that of 9Cr?5Si steel at both 900 and 1000°C. The oxide film on the surface of the 9Cr?5Si alloy exhibits Cr₂MnO₄ and Cr₂O₃ phases in the outer layer after oxidation at 900 and 1000°C. However, at oxidation temperatures of 900 and 1000°C, the oxide film of the 9Cr?5Si?3Al alloy consists only of Al₂O₃ and its oxide layer is thinner than that of the 9Cr?5Si alloy. These results indicate that the addition of Al to the 9Cr?5Si steel can improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance, which can be attributed to the formation of a continuous and compact Al₂O₃ film on the surface of the steel.     

Microstructure evolution and phase transformation of traditional cast and spray-formed hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys induced by heat treatment

Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu (wt%, signed as 3C), fabricated by traditional cast (TC) and spray forming (SF) processes, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that Al₇Cu₂Fe phase can be formed and transformed in TC- and SF-3C alloys between 802–813 K and 800–815 K, respectively. The transformation from β-Al₅FeSi to δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase via peritectic reaction can occur at around 858–870 K and 876–890 K in TC- and SF-3C alloys, respectively. The starting precipitation temperature of δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase as the dominant Fe-bearing phase in the TC-3C alloy is 997 K and the exothermic peak about the peritectic transformation of δ-Al₄FeSi₂→β-Al₅FeSi is not detected in the present DSC experiments. Also, the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution and phase transformation are discussed.     

Properties of a reaction-bonded β-SiAlON ceramic doped with an FeMo alloy for application to molten aluminum environments

An FeMo-alloy-doped β-SiAlON (FeMo/β-SiAlON) composite was fabricated via a reaction-bonding method using raw materials of Si, Al₂O₃, AlN, FeMo, and Sm₂O₃. The effects of FeMo on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. Some properties of the composite, including its bending strength at 700℃ and after oxidization at 700℃ for 24 h in air, thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance to molten aluminum, were also evaluated. The results show that the density, toughness, bending strength, and thermal shock resistance of the composite are obviously improved with the addition of an FeMo alloy. In addition, other properties of the composite such as its high-temperature strength and oxidized strength are also improved by the addition of FeMo alloy, and its corrosion resistance to molten aluminum is maintained. These findings indicate that the developed FeMo/β-SiAlON composite exhibits strong potential for application to molten aluminum environments.     

High-temperature oxidation behavior of 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steel

To improve the oxidation properties of ferritic heat-resistant steels,an Al-bearing 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steel was designed.We then conducted cyclic oxidation tests to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behavior of 9Cr-5Si and 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steels at 900 and 1000℃.The characteristics of the oxide layer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that the oxidation kinetics curves of the two tested steels follow the parabolic law,with the parabolic rate constant k_p of 9Cr-5Si-3Al steel being much lower than that of 9Cr-5Si steel at both 900 and 1000℃.The oxide film on the surface of the 9Cr-5Si alloy exhibits Cr_2MnO_4 and Cr_2O_3 phases in the outer layer after oxidation at 900 and 1000℃.However,at oxidation temperatures of 900 and 1000℃,the oxide film of the 9Cr-5Si-3Al alloy consists only of Al_2O_3 and its oxide layer is thinner than that of the 9Cr-5Si alloy.These results indicate that the addition of Al to the 9Cr-5Si steel can improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance,which can be attributed to the formation of a continuous and compact Al_2O_3 film on the surface of the steel.     

Spontaneous infiltration and wetting behaviors of a Zr-based alloy melt on a porous SiC substrate

The spontaneous infiltration and wetting behaviors of a Zr-based alloy melt on porous a SiC ceramic plate were studied using the sessile drop method by continuous heating and holding for 1800 s at different temperatures in a high-vacuum furnace. The results showed that the Zr-based alloy melt could partly infiltrate the porous SiC substrate without pressure due to the effect of capillary pressure. Wettability and infiltration rates increased with increasing temperature, and interfacial reaction products (ZrC_0.7 and TiC) were detected in the Zr-based alloy/SiC ceramic system, likely because of the reaction of the active elements Zr and Ti with elemental C. Furthermore, the redundant element Si diffused into the alloy melt.     

A study on the double melting behavior of poly（trimethylene terephthalate）

Double melting behavior of poly（trimethylene terephthalate） （PTT） was studied in detail by means of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and optical microscopy. The results indicate that the low-temperature melting peak of PTT at ca. 218℃ for the samples crystallized isothermally at 203℃ is associated with the melting of crystals produced by secondary crystallization, while the high-temperature melting peak of it at about 227℃ is related to the melting of the crystals produced by primary crystallization. The results further demonstrate that the PTT crystals growing non-isothermally during cooling process are thermodynamically unstable and can undergo structure reorganization during the DSC heating scan. The reorganized crystals melt at temperature higher than the crystals produced by secondary crystallization at 203℃. Consequently, for the non-fully crystallized samples, the crystals grown during cooling also exhibit contribution to the high-temperature melting peak.     

高介电栅介质ZrO2薄膜的物理电学性能

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在Si衬底上沉积了ZrO2栅介质薄膜,X射线衍射分析表明该薄膜经过450℃退火后低介电界面层得到抑制,仍然保持非晶状态;电学测试显示10 am厚ZrO2薄膜的等效厚度为3.15 nm,介电常数12.38,满足新型高介电栅介质的要求,在-1 V偏压下Al/ZrO2/Si/Al电容器的漏电流密度为1.1×10-4A/cm2.     

添加元素对石墨-铝硅复合材料性能的影响

采用熔铸重力浇注在铝液中直接加入裸体石墨的方法，工艺简便，成本低，易于推广生产．但要用这种方法生产出综合性能良好的石墨－铝硅复合材料并非易事．其中添加某种元素既促使有利的石墨－铝硅复合材料界面反应的形成，又阻止石墨飘浮，减少偏析，使材料的综合性能得到提高是很关键的问题之一．而且，这种添加元素在工业上使用的价格又要比较低廉．本文从复合材料都存在界面反应的问题入手，找到了一种综合性能良好的添加元素Ｍ．     

自蔓延高温合成Al/Mg_2Si复合材料的淬熄试验

采用燃烧波前沿淬熄法研究Al/Mg2Si复合材料在自蔓延高温合成(SHS)过程中的显微组织演变规律.用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析淬熄试样中的显微组织,通过XRD分析合成产物的相组成.研究结果表明,反应直接生成了Mg2Si而没有中间产物,Mg-Si可以在较低的温度下发生固-固反应生成Mg2Si;在淬熄合成过程中Al始终没有参与反应.     

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al-Mg2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill (DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg₂Si particles (from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg₂Si (from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy (from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg₂Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg₂Si phase and the grains in the Al-Mg₂Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.     

含Mg共晶Al-Si合金铸锭加热过程共晶Si形貌的演变

采用光学和激光共聚焦显微镜及扫描电镜等组织分析手段,研究了直径为110mm的Al-127Si-07Mg合金DC铸造铸锭在485℃盐浴加热保温过程中共晶Si形貌的演变.结果表明,在Mg的质量分数为07的共晶Al-Si合金半连续铸锭中,共晶Si在金相组织中为点状和细条状的混合物,但其空间形貌为珊瑚状;该半连续铸锭在重新加热保温初期,共晶Si相空间形貌的演变主要是珊瑚状Si相的粗化,随后在共晶Si继续粗化、球化的同时,部分长杆状共晶Si相逐渐演变成糖葫芦状,然后分裂成颗粒并球化和粗化;该铸锭在485℃加热保温过程中,共晶Si颗粒直径的粗化与加热保温时间符合229~267次幂的关系.     

NiTiZrAlCuSiB块体非晶合金等温晶化动力学

利用铜模铸造法制备了Ni42Cu5Ti20Zr21Al8Si3.5B0.5块体非晶合金,采用示差扫描量热计（DSC）对此块体非晶合金的等温晶化动力学进行了研究。应用函数z（φ）证明了JMA模型能够用于描述所研究的Ni基非晶合金的等温晶化动力学。结果表明：该合金的等温晶化行为始于一维界面控制地形核及长大,等温晶化的主要阶段为Avrami指数大于3.0的三维形核及长大过程。等温局部晶化激活能Um0.50为561.95kJ/mol,表明该Ni基非晶合金具有很高的热稳定性。     

电解铝硅合金耐蚀性研究

对比了电解铝硅合金和常规铝硅合金的耐蚀性.电化学试验和湿热试验结果表明电解铝硅合金具有良好的耐蚀性.讨论了电解铝硅合金耐蚀机理,含有较多的微量元素及合金组织均匀细小是其腐蚀性能良好的原因.     

均匀化处理温度对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相显微镜、X线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析技术,研究均匀化温度对合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:铸态合金由α-Al固溶体和非平衡共晶相组成;490～510℃均匀化,Mg2Si相从过饱和固溶体中析出,在510℃以上均匀化,随着温度的升高,Mg2Si又逐步回溶到基体中,560℃均匀化,Mg2Si相和过剩单质Si完全溶解;随着均匀化温度的升高,非平衡析出物鱼骨状共晶形态逐渐消失,针状β-AlMnFeSi溶解、断裂,转变为具有更高(Mn+Fe)/Si比值颗粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相,析出相在高温均匀化过程中聚集、球化;560℃均匀化,析出物的连续网状结构转变成链状结构,析出物演化为等轴粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相.均匀化过程中合金中析出弥散α-Al(MnFe)Si相;在490～560℃保温6h均匀化处理,温度升高,合金的硬度和电导率分别升高和降低.     

Al85 Ni10 Er5非晶合金晶化动力学效应的研究

应用Kissinger公式计算得到Al_(85)Ni_(10)Er_5非晶合金初始晶化激活能Ex为104 k J/mol.计算了Al_(85)Ni_(10)Er_5非晶合金的拓扑不稳定参数λ=0.087,说明合金是铝基纳米晶合金.Al_(85)Ni_(10)Er_5非晶合金第一放热峰的晶化体积分数与温度的关系曲线均呈"S"形,随升温速率的增加,这种"S"形曲线均向高温处移动.合金晶化第一阶段的晶化激活能Ea(x)与晶化体积分数呈线性递减趋势.此外,晶化体积分数在10%~50%阶段的激活能Ea(x)大于合金初始晶化激活能Ex,这是由于非晶合金内稳定的无序原子团簇结构有效地抑制了初生晶相长大的结果.