热处理时间对钒掺杂钛高炉渣材料性能的影响

采用高温固相法,在800℃不同热处理时间合成了具有钙钛矿型的钒掺杂的含钛高炉渣催化剂(vanadium oxide modifie dtitanium-bearing blast furnace slag,VTBBFS).用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外可见漫反射光谱对VTBBFS催化剂进行了表征,确定其具有钙钛矿结构;不同的热处理时间并未改变催化剂的晶相组成和表面形貌,但对催化剂的光吸收能力产生较大影响,使催化剂在紫外区域光吸收能明显提高,并发生红移.以白色念珠菌为实验菌种考察VTBBFS催化剂抗真菌能力.结果表明,热处理时间为2h时,VTBBFS催化剂具有较强的抗白色念珠菌能力,在普通光照下杀菌率可达到100%,并具有持续抑菌性能.     

激光显微光谱法定量检测硅酸盐样品中的钒和钛

用激光显微光谱法对硅酸盐样品中的钒和钛进行了定量分析,讨论了标样制备、工作条件选择和分析过程中应该注意的一些问题。     

硼对钒铌钛微合金钢淬透性及回火稳定性的影响

研究了 3种试验钢的淬透性与回火稳定性 .结果表明 ,硼在钒铌钛微合金钢中更能充分发挥提高淬透性的作用 ,在所有实验温度下试钢A的淬透性均优于试钢B与试钢C .不同奥氏体化温度下硼的淬透因子测定表明 ,在 90 0～ 95 0℃淬火时 ,含硼钒铌钛钢可获得最佳淬透性 .试钢A经 92 0℃淬火 ,在 5 5 0～ 6 6 0℃温度范围回火 ,其硬度不发生明显变化 ,显示出含硼钒铌钛微合金钢具有良好的回火稳定性 .根据本实验结果可以认定 ,采用含硼钒铌钛微合金钢取代HQ5 90钢是可能的 .     

Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr合金高温热变形行为研究

通过热模拟,微观组织观察等试验研究了Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在高温下的热变形行为。结果发现：在变形过程中,晶界上的块状14H型LPSO结构相会垂直于压缩方向分布;随着变形温度的降低、变形速率的减小和变形量的增加,晶粒内部的针状14H型LPSO结构相不断增多;合金的热变形激活能为290.39 kJ/mol;在变形过程中,晶界上的块状14H型LPSO结构相可以起到诱导动态再结晶的作用。     

形变条件对热变形过冷奥氏体相变的影响

热变形造成的奥氏体组织结构的变化将影响到热变形奥氏体在随后冷却过程中的相变．依据热模拟试验结果，研究了变形温度、变形速率、变形量和变形后高温停留影响相变过程的微观物理本质，认为变形促进热变形奥氏体的相变，提出变形温度、变形速率和变形后高温停留时间对热变形奥氏体转变过程没有直接联系，但可以通过对再结晶过程的控制影响相变过程．再结晶虽然可能细化了晶粒，但大量消耗了热变形奥氏体中的晶体缺陷，其结果是迟滞了相变过程．     

添加铬元素对TiAl合金室温延性和微观结构的影响

以0 wt％到5 wt％的金属铬作为第三合金元素,探讨了其对TiAl合金的室温延性和微观结构的影响。研究结果表明,适量铬的添加能够显著地改善TiAl合金的室温延性。合金中退火孪晶的量随着铬添加量的增加而明显增多;变形合金中含有大量的孪晶和层错带。这些表明,TiAl合金的堆垛层错能由于铬的添加而降低了,由此可以断定孪生变形和超位错运动对TiAl Cr合金的塑性变形作出了贡献。研究结果还表明,合金的晶粒度以及所含有的少量 Ti_3Al第二相都对其室温延性有着影响。     

热变形参数对50CrV钢奥氏体组织状态的影响

本文阐述了形变温度、形变量、形变后停留时间对50CrV钢奥氏体组织状态的影响，并对动态再结晶和静态再结晶晶粒大小的影响进行了分析．     

Mg含量对Al—Mg合金动态再结晶的影响

利用偏振光金相和透射电子显微镜研究了Ａｌ－２０％Ｍｇ，Ａｌ－６％Ｍｇ和Ａｌ－９％Ｍｇ合金热形变过程中的动态再结晶行为，结果表明：Ａｌ－２％Ｍｇ和Ａｌ－６％Ｍｇ合金的动态再结晶是在一定的Ｚ参数范围内发生的，而Ａｌ－９％Ｍｇ合 动态再结晶行为与低层错能相似，Ｍｇ含量增加促进了该合金动态再结晶的发生，原因是Ｍｇ原子气团阻碍位错的交滑移，使动态回复难以发生。     

钒含量对高碳高钒高速钢组织与性能的影响

对高碳高钒高速钢的显微组织、硬度及热处理工艺进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,其显微组织中存在有MC、M6C和M2 C型三种类型的合金碳化物 ,其中MC型碳化物起主要作用。随着含钒量的增加 ,钢中MC型碳化物数量增加 ,其形态由不连续网状向颗粒状转变。     

Dynamic recrystallization and precipitation in high manganese austenitic stainless steel during hot compression

Dynamic recrystallization and precipitation in a high manganese austenitic stainless steel were investigated by hot compression tests over temperatures of 950–1150℃ at strain rates of 0.001 s?1-1 s?1. All the flow curves within the studied deformation regimes were typical of dynamic recrystallization. A window was constructed to determine the value of apparent activation energy as a function of strain rate and deformation temperature. The kinetics of dynamic recrystallization was analyzed using the Avrami kinetics equation. A range of apparent activation energy for hot deformation from 303 kJ/mol to 477 kJ/mol is obtained at different deformation regimes. Microscopic characterization confirms that under a certain deformation condition (medium Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) values), dynamic recrystallization appears at first, but large particles can not inhibit the recrystallization. At low or high Z values, dynamic recrystallization may occur before dynamic precipitation and proceeds faster. In both cases, secondary phase precipitation is observed along prior austenite grain boundaries. Stress relaxation tests at the same deformation temperatures also confirm the possibility of dynamic precipitation. Unexpectedly, the Avrami’s exponent value increases with the increase of Z value. It is associated with the priority of dynamic recrystallization to dynamic precipitation at higher Z values.     

表面温度波动对微合金钢连铸板坯热塑性的影响

由于铸坯表面与二冷辊列夹持辊发生的间断式接触传热,其表面温度存在一定程度的上下波动. 基于J55微合金钢,考虑温度波动的影响,研究了钢在不同热状态下的热塑性. 结果表明,高于850℃时温度波动制度下测得的断面收缩率低于常规恒温制度下的测量值,而等于或低于850℃时情况相反. 分析了两种不同温度制度下测试结果的差异,认为对于微合金钢,存在着略高于所测钢种Ae3温度的某一分界温度,高于该温度时恒温制度下测得的塑性值相比波动制度下塑性值偏高,而低于该温度时则偏低. 这一认识有助于更加合理地制定实际连铸过程的矫直温度.     

铬对铌微合金钢显微组织和热塑性的影响分析

It is well-known that the surface quality of the niobium microalloy profiled billet directly affects the comprehensive mechanical properties of the H-beam. The effects of chromium on the γ/α phase transformation and high-temperature mechanical properties of Nb-microalloyed steel were studied by Gleeble tensile and high-temperature in-situ observation experiments. Results indicated that the starting temperature of the γ→α phase transformation decreases with increasing Cr content. The hot ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel is improved by adding 0.12wt% Cr. Chromium atoms inhibit the diffusion of carbon atoms, which reduces the thickness of grain boundary ferrite. The number fractions of high-angle grain boundaries increase with increasing chromium content. In particular, the proportion is up to 48.7% when the Cr content is 0.12wt%. The high-angle grain boundaries hinder the crack propagation and improve the ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel.     

Fe--36 Ni因瓦合金的热塑性

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究Fe-36Ni合金在900~1200℃的热塑性行为,并用FactSage软件、扫描电镜及透射电镜等研究该合金热塑性的影响因素及作用机理.结果表明：合金中主要形成Al2 O3+Ti3 O5+MnS复合夹杂,夹杂物颗粒尺寸集中分布在0.5μm以下.合金热塑性在900~1050℃受晶界滑移及动态再结晶共同影响.晶界上分布的纳米级别(<200 nm)夹杂物有效钉扎晶界,抑制动态再结晶发生的同时减小晶界结合力.微米级别(>200 nm)夹杂物则促进显微裂纹在晶界滑移过程中的形成和扩展,损害合金热塑性.当温度高于1050℃时,较高的变形温度使再结晶驱动力大于钉扎作用力,合金发生动态再结晶,有效提高热塑性.在1100~1200℃区间内,枝晶间裂纹的形成、晶界滑移的加剧及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸增大都降低合金热塑性.     

Recrystallization behavior of Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy during hot working process

The recrystallization behavior of deformed Ti40 alloy during a heat-treatment process was studied using electron backscatter diffraction and optical microscopy. The results show that the microstructural evolution of Ti40 alloy is controlled by the growth behavior of grain-boundary small grains during the heating process. These small grains at the grain boundaries mostly originate during the forging process because of the alloy’s inhomogeneous deformation. During forging, the deformation first occurs in the grain-boundary region. New small recrystallized grains are separated from the parent grains when the orientation between deformation zones and parent grains exceeds a certain threshold. During the heating process, the growth of these small recrystallized grains results in a uniform grain size and a decrease in the average grain size. The special recrystallization behavior of Ti40 alloy is mainly a consequence of the alloy’s high β-stabilized elemental content and high solution strength of the β-grains, which partially explains the poor hot working ability of Ti–V–Cr-type burn-resistant titanium alloys. Notably, this study on Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy yields important information related to the optimization of the microstructures and mechanical properties.     

Fe--22Mn--0.7CTWIP钢的热塑性与断裂机制

基于Gleeble-1500热力模拟试验机测定了Fe-22Mn-0.7C TWIP钢和Q235钢700~1300益范围内的静态拉伸行为.采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、电子探针微区分析等技术表征两钢种不同温度下的变形特征和断口形貌.通过分析基体化学成分、相体积分数、晶粒尺寸、凝固缺陷等因素探讨TWIP钢铸态热塑性的变化规律及其影响机制.研究结果表明,Fe-22Mn-0.7C TWIP钢700~1250益范围内的铸态抗拉强度高于Q235,而其断面收缩率低于40%,且断口均以沿枝晶间断裂方式为主.晶粒细化和控制溶质显微偏析有利于提高TWIP钢热塑性,与基体均质性改善有关.此外,增加应变速率TWIP钢拉伸强度和断面收缩率同时增大.     

Hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing Nb and V

The flow curves of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) were obtained by hot compression deformation at temperatures ranging from 1000℃ to 1200℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001 s-1 to 10 s-1. The mechanical behavior during hot deformation was discussed on the basis of flow curves and hot processing maps. The microstructures were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The relationship between deformation conditions and grain size after dynamic recrystallization was obtained. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain both increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy is approximately 631 kJ/mol, and a hot deformation equation is proposed. (Nb,V)N precipitates with either round, square, or irregular shapes are observed at the grain boundaries and in the matrix after deformation. According to the discussion, the hot working should be processed in the temperature range of 1050℃ to 1150℃ and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1 s-1.     

热处理对奥氏体不锈钢00 Cr24 Ni13铸坯高温热塑性的影响

采用热处理实验方法,同时结合热模拟压缩和热模拟拉伸试验,研究了热处理对奥氏体不锈钢00Cr24Ni13铸坯高温热塑性的影响。实验结果表明：热处理能够明显改变实验钢铸坯中δ铁素体的形貌;经1200℃保温3 h空冷后,原始铸坯中存在的大面积连续网状δ铁素体完全转变为弥散分布的细小颗粒状组织。具有颗粒状δ铁素体的热处理试样与热处理前相比,不同温度压缩时的变形抗力略有增加,但并没有急剧恶化;热模拟抗拉强度基本保持不变;相同温度下的断面收缩率( Z)显著提高,其中Z≥60%的温度区间由1150~1280℃扩展为1050~1300℃,高塑性(Z≥80%)温度范围在150℃左右(1150~1300℃)。     

Cu、As和Sn对低合金钢连铸坯第Ⅲ脆性区的影响

为了研究残余元素Cu、As和Sn对钢高温延塑性的影响,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了含有一定量Cu、As和Sn低合金钢连铸坯的高温延塑性,得到了低合金钢第Ⅲ脆性温度区在920～730℃之间.结果表明:第Ⅲ脆性温度区脆化的主要原因是奥氏体单相区低温域钢中Cu、As和Sn等残余元素在奥氏体晶界的偏聚削弱晶界结合能,导致试样沿晶脆性断裂;奥氏体和铁素体两相区在原奥氏体晶界析出的网状铁素体导致试样沿晶开裂.钢中的Cu、As和Sn元素增加第Ⅲ脆性温度区的宽度和脆性凹槽的深度,同时提高第Ⅲ脆性温度区的上限临界温度.     

含钛微合金钢的高温热塑性及断裂机理

运用Gleeble 1500热模拟机对600~1350益温度范围内SS400B钢加入钛后的高温力学性能进行测试,对断口形貌及低倍组织进行扫描电镜观察,研究其断裂机理及影响因素。利用热力学软件Factsage对不同钛含量条件下第二相粒子的析出情况进行计算分析。结果表明,在实验温度范围内测试试样的断面收缩率均超过了45%;在高温区生成的铝钛氧化物可作为塑坑的形核核心,促进延性断裂的发生;同时由于铝钛氧化物、氮化钛的生成,降低了对钢塑性有害的氮化铝生成;沿晶铁素体和沿晶渗碳体的生成恶化钢的塑性,促进沿晶脆性断裂的发生。