泡沫A1-0．146wt．％Ti合金的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究

采用真空低压渗流铸造法,制备了泡沫A1-0．146wt．％Ti合金．分析了影响渗流法制备泡沫铝合金的主要因素,得到了制备泡沫合金的最佳条件：NaCl填料粒子预热温度300℃,合金液体浇铸温度760℃,填料粒子尺寸1～3mm．不同孔率泡沫AI-O．146wt．％Ti合金的模拟海水全浸实验结果表明：泡沫合金的耐腐蚀性能随着孔率增加显著下降．     

新型高温发泡剂烷基苯烷基磺酸钠性能研究

针对现有发泡剂无法在高温环境发挥作用的问题,合成了新型高温发泡剂12C烷基苯16C烷基磺酸钠.试验表明:烷基苯烷基磺酸钠的最佳作用质量浓度为8g/L,烷基苯烷基磺酸钠能在200~250℃维持较佳的发泡能力,并且在250℃高温高压环境48h后发泡性能未见显著降低,起始pH值对发泡剂高温性能有显著影响.耐油实验表明:该发泡剂质量分数为在20%加入原油时,由于原油沥青质、胶质的稳泡作用,发泡能力虽有下降,但泡沫稳定性大大上升.     

压铸TiC/Al-9Si-1.4Cu-0.5Mg复合材料的拉伸性能

利用熔铸——原位反应和压铸成形技术制备了TiC/Al-9Si-1.4Cu-0.5Mg复材料,测试了复合材料的拉伸性能。结果表明：TiC/Al-9Si-1.4Cu-0.5Mg复合材料的室温极限拉伸强度为354MPa,比基体合金提高26%;260℃时复合材料的极限拉伸强度为272MPa,比基体合金提高46%。复合材料的延伸率与Al-9Si-1.4Cu-0.5Mg合金相当。讨论了进一步提高熔铸——原位反应TiC/Al-9Si-1.4Cu-0.5Mg复合材料拉伸强度的途径。     

Fe--36 Ni因瓦合金的热塑性

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究Fe-36Ni合金在900~1200℃的热塑性行为,并用FactSage软件、扫描电镜及透射电镜等研究该合金热塑性的影响因素及作用机理.结果表明：合金中主要形成Al2 O3+Ti3 O5+MnS复合夹杂,夹杂物颗粒尺寸集中分布在0.5μm以下.合金热塑性在900~1050℃受晶界滑移及动态再结晶共同影响.晶界上分布的纳米级别(<200 nm)夹杂物有效钉扎晶界,抑制动态再结晶发生的同时减小晶界结合力.微米级别(>200 nm)夹杂物则促进显微裂纹在晶界滑移过程中的形成和扩展,损害合金热塑性.当温度高于1050℃时,较高的变形温度使再结晶驱动力大于钉扎作用力,合金发生动态再结晶,有效提高热塑性.在1100~1200℃区间内,枝晶间裂纹的形成、晶界滑移的加剧及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸增大都降低合金热塑性.     

Biporous nanocarbon foams and the effect of the structure on the capillary performance

Biporous nanocarbon foams (NC foams) which have both nano-pores and micro-pores,were fabricated and used to explore the liquid transportation in the porous structures formed by nanomaterials.Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe the structure of the NC foams.Capillary rise tests using acetone as the working fluid were conducted by the IR thermal imaging method.The results show that the capillary rise height of the NC foam with 65μm micro-pore size was 47%higher than that with 9μm micro-pore size in 50 s.The capillary performance of the NC foams was reduced when its density was higher than 60 mg/cm~3.A model is built to illustrate the effect of both nano-structure and micro-structure on the transportation of working fluid in the biporous foam.The data indicates that the nano-structure generated high capillary pressure while the microstructure provided low resistant pathways for fast liquid transportation.The size of micro-pores and the ratio of micro-pores to nano-pores were two important factors.It is demonstrated that the NC foams had large sorption capacity up to 878 mg/cm~3and their capillary performance was further enhanced when using a substrate.     

化学改性发泡剂对泡沫铝材料性能的影响

采用熔体发泡法,利用化学镀镍改性的TiH₂作为发泡剂制备了泡沫铝,分析了改性TiH₂发泡剂的热分解行为,研究了改性TiH₂发泡剂加入量对泡沫铝材料孔隙率、压缩性能和阻尼性能的影响.结果表明,改性TiH₂发泡剂有效提高了释氢反应的开始温度,将释氢反应开始温度从480℃提升至550℃,并降低了释氢速率;随着改性发泡剂添加量的增加,泡沫铝的孔隙率增大,压缩强度变小,阻尼性能呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;当加入质量分数1.5%的改性发泡剂时,泡沫铝的孔隙率达88%,孔洞分布及尺寸相对均匀,压缩强度、阻尼性能等综合性能良好.     

Bi对AZ91镁合金时效析出动力学过程的影响

实验合金中Bi的加入量为0.5％～2％,合金在SF61％/CO     

Mg对碳纤维稳定泡沫铝发泡过程和胞孔结构的影响

利用溶体直接发泡法制备出了不同Mg和碳纤维添加量的闭孔泡沫铝材料,详细研究了Mg的添加对泡沫铝发泡过程和胞孔结构的影响.研究结果表明:Mg元素的加入明显增大了泡沫体的膨胀率,拓宽了孔径分布的范围,并增加泡沫体中小气孔的数量.气泡壁内部和表面的微观形貌观察表明:Mg元素加入后,造成铝液表面张力降低,改善了铝液和氧化物颗粒的润湿性,有助于增加发泡过程中的气体释放,使泡沫体气泡壁平整且变薄,有助于提升气泡壁的稳定性,使获得的泡沫铝的孔隙率达到90%以上.     

Li5La3Nb2O12颗粒增强铝基复合材料阻尼性能的研究

Li5La3Nb2O12陶瓷颗粒作为添加剂并利用粉末冶金的方法制备金属铝基复合材料Li5La3Nb2O12/Al--80%,该复合材料在325K的温度下阻尼值可以达到0.011（测量频率为1.6Hz）,是同温度范围下金属铝阻尼性能的5倍左右,并且该复合材料在室温附近的阻尼性能均超过了0.008,使得其在工业科技方面有着十分广阔的应用前景。     

海绵状氧化石墨烯/聚乙二醇单甲醚相变材料的制备及性能

以海绵状氧化石墨烯(spongy graphene oxide,SG)为载体材料,聚乙二醇单甲醚(methoxy polyethylene glycol,MPEG)为相变物质,通过物理浸渍法制备了定形相变材料。采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热法、热失重和热台等方法对定形相变材料的结构、相变性能、热稳定性和定形能力进行表征和分析。结果表明,当SG质量分数为8%时,样品焓值最大且定形效果最好,结晶温度和熔融温度分别为18.7和30.7℃,焓值达到140.3 J/g,当温度达到250℃时,无任何泄漏发生,且热稳定性良好。该定形相变材料有望在聚丙烯相变纤维中实现应用。     

新型耐温抗高盐驱油泡沫体系的确定

采用抗盐性能较好的起泡剂XN,对三种抗盐性较好的稳泡剂HXYP、YPA、PAM,在温度为80℃,矿化度为20.3×10 4mg/L条件下,进行了单独和两两复配后的起泡性能对比。实验结果显示：在稳泡剂和起泡剂总浓度相同的条件下,单一稳泡剂体系和YPA与PAM复配稳泡体系不能产生稳定的泡沫,HXYP与YPA、 PAM复配稳泡体系均在配比为9∶1条件下抗盐性能最佳。并对这两种复配稳泡体系进行了起泡剂和稳泡剂总量的优选,确定了泡沫体系的两种配方：①稳泡剂：HXYP1800mg/L＋YPA200mg/L,起泡剂：XN2 000mg/L;②稳泡剂：HXYP1800mg/L＋PAM200mg/L,起泡剂：XN2000mg/L。两个体系的泡沫质量和半衰期分别为68%、59.7min和67.7%、64.1min,抗高盐性能优越。     

6063Al/Al2O3·SiO2颗粒增强复合材料的阻尼特征研究

利用搅拌铸造法,在6063变形铝合金中添加电厂飞灰颗料,制备了飞灰含量分别为5%、10%、15%、20%的铝基飞灰复合材料.采用多功能内耗仪,利用低频扭摆法和声频衰减法对材料的低高频内耗进行了测量.结果发现,在测试的温度、频率范围内,较之铝基体,复合材料的阻尼能力有较大幅度的提高;并且在同一频率、不同温度下,随着飞灰含量的增加和飞灰颗粒直径的减小,复合材料的内耗值有增加的趋势.另外还发现复合材料的低频内耗值要远大于其高频内耗值.在此基础上还对复合材料的内耗机制进行了探讨,认为该复合材料的内耗机制主要有本征内耗、位错内耗的界面内耗,而在较高温度下主要是界面内耗机制.     

GH720Li合金长期时效过程中γ'相演变规律

研究GH720Li合金经标准热处理(1105℃,4 h→油冷﹢650℃,24 h→空冷﹢760℃,16 h→空冷)后分别在720℃时效0~5000 h和800℃时效0~1000 h后γ'强化相的演变规律. 合金在720℃,5000 h时效后一次γ'相的尺寸、形态以及数量基本不发生变化;在720℃,200 h时效后,二次γ'相发生明显粗化;500 h后出现不均匀长大. 相应地,500 h前硬度下降速率大, 500 h后趋于平稳. 在800℃,500 h时效后,一次γ'相发生粗化;800℃,100 h时效后,二次γ'相发生明显粗化且不均匀长大. 500 h前硬度下降斜率很大,500 h后硬度仍有明显下降趋势. 720℃及800℃时二次γ'相粗化行为是以扩散控制的粗化机制为主导. γ'相平均半径与时效时间满足立方根关系,符合L-S-W ( Lifshiz-Slyozov-Wanger)理论.     

Preparation, structure, and properties of polyurethane foams modified by nanoscale titanium dioxide with three different dimensions

TiO2-based nanosheets (TiNSs), TiO2-based nanotubes (TiNTs) were prepared by hydrothermal processing, and polyurethane foams with TiO2 nanopowders (P25), TiNSs and TiNTs were synthesized by free-rising foaming method. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra show that the addition of titanium dioxide does not affect the chemical structure of polyurethane foam. However, microscope observations show that PU/TiNSs composite foams have more uniform cells and the average aperture smaller than that of pure poly-urethane foams. According to the results of thermal analysis, the PU/TiNSs composite foams have better thermal stability, the temperature of decompostion occurring with a maximum weight loss rate is about 30 ℃ higher than that of pure PU foams. The decompostion temperatures are 167 ℃ and 148 ℃ for the PU/P25 composite foams and the PU/TiNTs composite foams respectively, which are lower than that of pure PU foams. Moreover, with the addition of the fillers, the sound absorption property also has changed; the addition of TiNSs improved the sound absorbing property efficiently. The better thermal stability and sound absorption of PU/TiNSs composite foams are mainly due to the uniform cells diffuse and smaller aperture.     

包套轧制粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝三明治板

以空气雾化的A1Si12合金粉、镁粉和氢化钛粉末为原料,采用包套轧制法成功制备出了泡沫铝三明治板材.利用300 dpi扫描仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度仪等检测方法系统比较了复合轧制和包套轧制方法对制备前驱体的宏观形貌和界面结合及其泡孔结构的影响,结果表明:包套轧制可以有效阻止面板材料裂纹的扩展,获得完整的和致密度均...     

时效工艺对Mn-Cu-Al阻尼合金性能的影响

采用真空中频感应熔炼技术制备了Mn-Cu-Al阻尼合金,经840℃×0.5 h固溶处理后按不同温度、时间进行时效热处理,借助相关仪器分析了时效工艺对锻态Mn-Cu-Al合金的阻尼性能与力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mn-Cu-Al合金在时效过程中发生调幅分解形成了局部富Mn区,冷却后获得马氏体孪晶,且随时效保温温度提高与时间的延长,硬度逐渐增大,阻尼性能先增加后减小,在430℃保温1 h,Mn-Cu-Al合金阻尼性能最佳.     

LiNbO3(SiO2)/ZL102基高阻尼复合材料的制备及压电阻尼特性

采用溶胶/凝胶法在高居里点的LiNbO3压电颗粒表面覆盖SiO2薄膜，以压力浸渗工艺制备LiNbO₃(SiO₂)/ZL102基复合材料，并通过动态机械热分析仪研究了其在30~350 °C下的阻尼性能.结果表明，当30 °C时，LiNbO₃(SiO₂)/ZL102基复合材料的内耗是铝基体的3倍，LiNbO₃(SiO₂)/ZL102基复合材料的2倍；在所选用的测试温度范围内，铝基体、LiNbO₃/ZL102和LiNbO₃(SiO₂)/ZL102基复合材料内耗随温度的升高而增加并最终趋于相近.这是由于极化处理的高居里点LiNbO₃压电颗粒具有压电阻尼特性，而且SiO₂薄膜改变了LiNbO₃颗粒外部的电阻率，从而提高了其压电阻尼特性.     

氯化丁基橡胶复合阻尼材料的制备及表征

为了使氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)的阻尼功能区向高温区拓展,制备宽温宽频阻尼材料,将氯化丁基橡胶与聚丙烯酸酯(PMAc)共混制备了互贯聚合物网络(IPN)复合阻尼材料。动态力学性能分析表明：复合阻尼材料有效地实现了阻尼功能区向高温区拓展,其中,CIIR/PEA IPN具有较高的阻尼值,但阻尼温区较窄,而CIIR/PBMA IPN同时具有较高的阻尼值和较宽的有效阻尼温区,耗散系数大于0.3的有效功能区可从-50℃持续至60℃。采用傅立叶红外光谱、固体核磁共振谱及透射电镜对IPN的微观结构分析表明：IPN中CIIR和PMAc形成了双相连续、物理互锁的微观相态结构。     

聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备及其吸波性能研究

以聚醚多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯为主要原料,水为发泡剂,经过预聚和发泡合成了聚氨酯泡沫材料,并采用两种不同的工艺在其中掺杂碳纳米管,制备成复合吸波材料.采用数字化矢量网络分析仪(Agilent 8722ET型)在5～18 GHz频段范围内对该材料的微波吸收性能进行了测试.结果表明:掺杂了碳纳米管的聚氨酯复合泡沫材料在11～17 GHz频段内具有良好的微波吸收效果,并且吸波强度随着碳纳米管掺杂比例的增加而增大.     

Hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of A2B7 type La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-Mo alloys

The effect of Mo-addition on hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al alloys is investigated. The alloys were synthetized via vacuum induction melting followed by annealing treatment at 1123 K for 8 h. The major phases in the annealed alloys are consisted of (La, Mg)2Ni7, (La, Mg)5Ni19 and LaNi5 phases. Mo-addition facilitates phase transformation of LaNi5 into (La, Mg)2Ni7 and (La, Mg)5Ni19 phases. Hydrogen absorption/desorption PCI curves indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy increases remarkably with the addition of Mo. Furthermore, the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy shows excellent hydriding/dehydriding kinetics with a higher capacity, requiring only 100 s to reach its saturated hydrogen capacity of 1.58 wt% at low temperature of 303 K, and releasing 1.57 wt% hydrogen within 400 s at 338 K. Electrochemical experiments manifest that the Mo-added alloy electrode has perfect activation properties and the maximum discharge capacity. The low-temperature dischargeability shows that the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy exhibits the excellent low-temperature discharge performance, and the maximum discharge capacity is improved from 231.0 to 334.6 mAh/g at 253 K. The HRD property of the alloy electrode is enhanced, suggesting that Mo enhances the kinetic ability at low-temperature.