支撑板对烧结过程的影响

烧结料层上部荷重是造成烧结过程中燃烧熔融带透气性差的重要因素,而烧结料层透气性是制约我国厚料层烧结技术进一步发展的限制性环节. 从减轻烧结料层燃烧熔融带荷重以及改善烧结过程料层透气性的角度出发,通过在烧结料层中安装支架研究不同荷重条件下对铁矿粉烧结行为的影响. 烧结杯实验研究表明:安装支撑板后,烧结料层透气性明显改善,烧结矿转鼓强度大于65%;垂直烧结速度显著提高,最高可达28. 4 mm·min-1;成品率波动幅度不大,利用系数从1. 89 t· m-2·h-1增加到2. 31 t·m-2 ·h-1;燃耗有所降低,最大降幅达1. 32%. 理论分析和实验表明,支撑板对减轻烧结熔融带上部荷重,提高料层透气性,以及改善燃耗和烧结矿质量具有重要意义.     

不同料层高度烧结过程尾气排放规律

研究了不同料层高度下烧结过程中尾气成分(O2、CO2、SO2和NO)的变化规律.结果表明:随着烧结历程的推进,尾气中O2含量降低而CO2含量升高,这主要是因为固体燃料燃烧量逐渐增多;尾气中SO2、NO的含量亦呈升高趋势,但幅度很小,这主要是因为烧结料层对SO2有吸收作用,而燃烧带的CO气体则可以还原使部分NO分解;在临近烧结终点时,因料层对SO2的吸收作用消失而使析出作用强化,导致尾气中SO2含量急剧升高.另外,随着料层高度的增加,因固体燃料配比相应减小,尾气中CO2、SO2和NO的含量降低,而O2含量增加.因此,控制高温区宽度的厚料层烧结技术是我国开展减少烧结尾气中气体污染物(CO2、SO2和NO)的有效措施.     

合理垂直烧结速度的研究

通过考查气流速度的变化研究垂直烧结速度随烧结过程的变化规律。结果表明:垂直烧结速度并非固定不变,而是随着烧结过程的逐步进行发生显著变化;点火保温后,随烧结物理化学反应的进行,燃烧带逐渐形成并变宽且产生过湿现象,导致料层的透气性显著变差,烧结速度显著下降,直至约25 min后过湿层完全消失,透气性变好,烧结速度迅速上升。根据垂直烧结速度变化规律,通过改变负压烧结,进行烧结速度优化实验,结果表明:在保持转鼓强度及成品率基本不变的情况下,将垂直烧结速度由20.08 mm/min提高到21.82 mm/min,利用系数由1.401 t/(m2-h)提高到1.587 t/(m2-h)。     

Mechanism research on arsenic removal from arsenopyrite ore during a sintering process

The mechanism of arsenic removal during a sintering process was investigated through experiments with a sintering pot and arsenic-bearing iron ore containing arsenopyrite; the corresponding chemical properties of the sinter were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The experimental results revealed that the reaction of arsenic removal is mainly related to the oxygen atmosphere and temperature. During the sintering process, arsenic could be removed in the ignition layer, the sinter layer, and the combustion zone. A portion of FeAsS reacted with excess oxygen to generate FeAsO₄, and the rest of the FeAsS reacted with oxygen to generate As₂O₃(g) and SO₂(g). A portion of As₂O₃(g) mixed with Al₂O₃ or CaO, which resulted in the formation of arsenates such as AlAsO₄ and Ca₃(AsO₄)₂, leading to arsenic residues in sintering products. The FeAsS component in the blending ore was difficult to decompose in the preliminary heating zone, the dry zone, or the bottom layer because of the relatively low temperatures; however, As₂O₃(g) that originated from the high-temperature zone could react with metal oxides, resulting in the formation of arsenate residues.     

铁矿烧结工艺中温室气体CO2的排放规律

采用KM9106综合烟气分析仪对烧结工艺过程温室气体Cox排放规律进行研究. 研究结果表明: 在烧结过程中, 温室气体Cox排放变化情况能够很好地反映烧结过程固体燃料焦粉的燃烧状况, 证明烧结过程焦粉的燃烧是以生成CO2的完全燃烧反应为主, 但仍有部分生成CO的未完全燃烧反应存在;烧结烟气中CO2浓度降为零时所对应的点与烧结废气温度为最大值有很好的对应关系, 能很好地用于确定烧结终点;焦粉配比对烧结过程固体燃料燃烧的影响能明确地从温室气体Cox的排放情况表现出来, 而且, 通过判断燃料燃烧状况, 可以推测出烧结矿产质量的优劣, 用于指导烧结生产.     

Basic characteristics of Australian iron ore concentrate and its effects on sinter properties during the high-limonite sintering process

The basic characteristics of Australian iron ore concentrate (Ore-A) and its effects on sinter properties during a high-limonite sintering process were studied using micro-sinter and sinter pot methods. The results show that the Ore-A exhibits good granulation properties, strong liquid flow capability, high bonding phase strength and crystal strength, but poor assimilability. With increasing Ore-A ratio, the tumbler index and the reduction index (RI) of the sinter first increase and then decrease, whereas the softening interval (?T) and the softening start temperature (T_10%) of the sinter exhibit the opposite behavior; the reduction degradation index (RDI_+3.15) of the sinter increases linearly, but the sinter yield exhibits no obvious effects. With increasing Ore-A ratio, the distribution and crystallization of the minerals are improved, the main bonding phase first changes from silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) to kirschsteinite, silicate, and SFCA and then transforms to 2CaO·SiO₂ and SFCA. Given the utilization of Ore-A and the improvement of the sinter properties, the Ore-A ratio in the high-limonite sintering process is suggested to be controlled at approximately 6wt%.     

Fabrication and properties of foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash

In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash (CFA) is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The particle distribution, mineral composition, and chemical composition of CFA were examined firstly. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The CFA-based foam geopolymer was successfully fabricated with different contents of hydrogen peroxide and exhibited uncompleted alkali reaction and reasonable strength with relative low atomic ratios of Si/Al and Si/Na. Type-C CFA in this research could be recycled as an alternative source material for geopolymer production.     

铁矿石的烧结基础特性之新概念

长期以来,人们对烧结用铁矿石的评价主要集中在化学成分、粒度组成、矿物特征等常温性能方面,而对铁矿石在烧结过程中的高温行为和作用知之甚少.根据对这一问题的深入思考和实验室的基础研究,提出了"铁矿石的烧结基础特性"的概念.该概念包括同化性能、液相流动性,粘结相强度性能和铁酸钙生成性能等.研究烧结过程中这些高温物理特性,有利于完善烧结理论、改善烧结矿质量和优化烧结工艺过程.     

烧结矿中MgO作用机理

研究了烧结矿中MgO对烧结液相生成、固结成矿的影响机理,以及不同镁质熔剂对固结强度的影响规律,并在此基础上进行了烧结杯实验研究.结果表明:随着烧结矿中MgO含量的增加,烧结液相开始形成温度上升,液相流动性和黏结相强度均降低;使用不同种类的镁质熔剂时,烧结黏结相强度有差异,在1 280℃和1 320℃下,使用蛇纹石时黏结相强度相对最高,其次是使用轻烧白云石的情况,而使用白云石时黏结相强度相对最低;在兼顾烧结矿产量、质量指标及冶金性能的前提下,烧结矿中适宜的MgO质量分数在1.2%左右,镁质熔剂则适宜选用白云石和蛇纹石组合或者单独使用轻烧白云石.     

钙硅氧化物的质量比对10%Al2 O3高炉渣--尾矿--粉煤灰微晶玻璃性能的影响

利用高炉渣、尾矿和粉煤灰各自成分特点,在未添加任何晶核剂和其他化学试剂条件下,使用烧结法制得了不同CaO/SiO2质量比的10%Al2 O3(质量分数)矿渣微晶玻璃.通过差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析手段,分析了CaO/SiO2质量比和析晶温度对高炉渣-尾矿-粉煤灰微晶玻璃样品的晶相变化规律、析晶行为和主要力学性能的影响.随着CaO/SiO2质量比增大,析晶活化能不断减小,Si-O四面体连接强度下降,质点移动加强,各组开始析晶温度和晶化温度逐渐减小.当玻璃样品中钙硅氧化物的质量比为0.4时,分别在886℃和982℃形核、析晶保温1 h 后,可以得到抗折强度103.59 MPa、显微硬度5.3 GPa、耐酸性0.25%(质量损失率)、耐碱性小于0.1%,主晶相为透辉石的最佳力学性能的微晶玻璃样品.     

烧结余热回收竖罐内料层传热过程数值计算

罐体料层内气固传热过程是决定罐式回收是否可行的主要因素之一.采用Comsol Multiphysics软件,基于稳定传热前提下,计算了罐体料层内气固传热过程,研究竖罐内的传热规律.研究结果表明:气固比和料层高度是影响料层气固传热的最主要因素,随着气料比增加,烧结矿和气体出口温度逐渐降低,气体所携带的值呈现出先增加后减小的趋势;随着料层高度增加,气料比逐渐下降,气体出口温度逐渐增加,气体携带的值呈现先增大后减小的趋势.针对国内某典型360m2烧结机,配套单罐体,料层高度6～7m,气料比为1 500～1 650m3/t;配套双罐体,料层高度5～6m,气料比为1 360～1 550m3/t.     

高能球磨Ti/Al复合粉固相反应烧结工艺

采用金相和能谱方法对Ti、Al箔的固相扩散反应行为进行了研究,建立了TiAl3相层厚度生长的计算公式.并在此基础上,探讨了球磨Ti/Al复合粉的两步固相烧结工艺.研究表明:两步固相烧结法可有效抑制烧结引起的粉末体变形,获得具有典型显微组织的致密烧结材料;尽管延长低温预烧时间可获得由TiAl与Ti3Al组成的热稳定性较好的组织,但组织致密度偏低,为了获得高致密的TiAl合金,仍需后续高温烧结.实验还表明,高能球磨促进了TiAl基合金组织细化,且球磨时间越长烧结组织晶粒越细小;双态组织中的层片组织含量随球磨时间延长而增加,但长时间球磨由于非晶化的出现又会引起层片组织含量下降.     

Sintering mechanism of Cu-9Al alloy prepared from elemental powders

The sintering behavior of Cu-9Al alloys prepared from die pressing of elemental powders was investigated. The experimental results and kinetic analysis showed the formation of three consecutive layers of Al₂Cu, Al₄Cu₉, and AlCu phases, with Al₂Cu appearing first in the initial solid phase sintering stage. A liquid phase formed in the intermediate stage, resulting from the eutectic reaction between Al and Al₂Cu phases at 500 °C, which is 47 °C lower than the equilibrium reaction temperature. Swelling occurred when the liquid phase infiltrated the gaps between the copper particles, leaving pores at the original sites of Al particles and Al₂Cu. In the final stage of sintering, the Al-rich phases (Al₂Cu and AlCu) transformed to Al-poor phases (Al₄Cu₉ and α-Cu) in the temperature range of 500–565 °C. Al₄Cu₉ and α-Cu then transformed to AlCu₃ (β) above the eutectoid reaction temperature (565 °C), whereas AlCu₃ transformed to α-Cu and eutectoid phases (α-Cu + Al₄Cu₉) during cooling. The pure copper transformed to AlCu₃, and the pore volume decreased at 1000 °C. The microstructure study helps manipulate precisely the sintering process of Cu-Al alloys and optimize the microstructure with a high dimensional accuracy.     

准化学平衡条件下温度对烧结液相生成的影响

对Fe2O3-SiO2-CaO—Al2O3-MgO五元体系在准化学平衡条件的液相生成过程进行了研究。采用光学显微镜、X—Ray和SEM,对不同温度下体系液相生成量及成分进行了分析。结果表明：温度越高液相生成量越多,液相成分随温度的增加发生改变,温度对镁元素的微观分布影响较小,M如在赤铁矿为主要原料的烧结体系中会与Fe2O3结合生成MgO·Fe2O3矿物;随着温度的升高SFCA中的Fe2O3含量升高,液相量增加;Al2O3含量升高,利于交织结构的铁酸钙（FC）的形成,可提高烧结矿强度。     

巴西某镜铁精粉的烧结特性及强化工艺

通过润磨单一镜铁矿或其与石灰石的混合料以提高镜铁矿表面性质和高温反应性能.测定润磨预处理前后巴西镜铁矿的润湿热、粒度组成及变形温度等指标,揭示其作用机理.通过烧结杯试验,考察润磨预处理强化烧结的效果.研究结果表明：采取预处理措施可提高巴西镜铁矿的润湿热和表面亲水性,降低变形温度,提高巴西镜铁矿的高温反应性能;烧结矿产量和质量大幅度提高,成品率增加3.7%,转鼓强度提高3.33%,固体燃耗降低4kg/t左右,利用系数提高22.4%,烧结矿质量完全满足高炉生产的需要.     

铅硼硅酸盐玻璃中Al2O3含量对复相玻璃陶瓷性能的影响

以低软化点的铅硼硅酸盐玻璃和Al2O3粉末为原料,制备Al2O3/玻璃低温共烧复合玻璃陶瓷材料。考察烧结温度和添加不同质量分数的Al2O3对复合玻璃陶瓷烧结机制和微波介电性能的影响,并探讨了作用机制。结果表明:Al2O3掺入PbO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃中改善了与Al2O3陶瓷的界面润湿,对烧结有一定的促进作用。在添加质量分数为4%Al2O3的复相玻璃陶瓷、烧成温度为850℃时性能最好,其密度为3.1 g/cm3,介电常数为8.46,介电损耗为0.001 1。     

冷却风量影响烧结余热竖罐回收中火用传递系数实验研究

将对流换热器和填充床中火用传递系数的概念引入到竖罐式余热回收工艺中,推导出烧结移动床层火用传递系数公式;在自制的气固传热实验装置上,测定不同工况下罐体料层内气固传热过程的相关数据,研究冷却风量对烧结床层火用传递系数的影响.研究结果表明:冷却风量不变时,平均物理火用传递系数hex,m随矿温的升高而增大;相同平均矿温条件下,当hex,m大于0时,hex,m随冷却风量的增加而增大;当hex,m小于0时,会导致竖罐出口冷风火用值减少,对强化气固换热不利.     

铁矿粉与 CaO同化能力的试验研究

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,矿石与CaO发生同化反应而生成低熔点液相的能力是衡量烧结矿同结状况的重要指标之一.在试验的基础上研究了13种常用的进口铁矿粉的同化温度和同化时间,对影响铁矿粉同化能力的因素进行了理论分析,并给出了对铁矿粉的这一烧结基础特性在烧结过程中具体应用的结果.     

液相烧结SiC陶瓷的微观结构

采用Al2O3、Y2O3为助烧剂,液相烧结获得了致密的α－SiC和β－SiC陶瓷,并研究了SiC了烧结体的物相组成和微观结构。实验结果表明,Al2O3,Y2O3原位形成了YAG,材料以液相烧结机制致密化,α－SiC通过溶解和再析出机制,促进晶体生长,并形成“Core/Shell”结构,物相分析表明,β－SiC陶瓷粉末在烧结过程中发生β→a的相变,微观结构观察显示,β-SiC陶瓷中生成了长柱状晶粒。     

烧结矿冷却过程的实验研究

建立了烧结矿冷却过程的实验平台,研究了烧结矿冷却过程的基本规律及其影响因素.结果表明,冷却空气流量与烧结矿料层厚度是影响冷却过程的主要因素.保持料层厚度一定,随着冷却空气流量的增加,流经料层的热空气温度逐渐下降,热空气所携带的热量开始增加,而后达到峰值,之后逐渐降低,即冷却空气流量存在一适宜值,在这一流量下,热空气所携带的热量最大.保持鼓风机开启度不变,随着料层厚度的增加,热空气的温度逐渐增加,且料层厚度存在一适宜值适宜料层厚度与适宜冷却风量相互影响和制约