TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

Thermodynamic Behavior of Manganese and Phosphorus between Liquid Iron and CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-FetO-MnO-P2O5 Slags

The thermodynamic behavior of manganese and phosphorus between liquid iron and CaO-MgO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Fe_tO-MnO-P₂O₅ ladle slag system was addressed by investigating the thermodynamic equilibria between liquid iron containing Mn and P and the ladle slag at 1873 K. The Mn distribution ratio L_Mn increases with increasing Fe_tO content and decreasing the basicity ((%CaO + %MgO)/(%SiO₂ + %Al₂O₃ + %P₂O₅)) in slag, while the P distribution ratio L_p seems to be increased as Fe_tO content and the basicity increases. The values of L_Mn and L_p decrease by the addition of Al₂O₃ into slag. The expression of the dependence of L_Mn and L_p on the basicity and Fe_tO content in slag was obtained.     

Effect of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the viscosity and structure of low-fluoride slag used for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

The viscosity of CaF₂-CaO-Al₂O₃-MgO-(TiO₂) slag was measured using a rotating crucible viscometer. Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed to correlate the viscosity to slag structure. The viscosity of the slag was found to decrease with increasing TiO₂ content in the slag from 0 to 9.73wt%. The activation energy decreased from 95.16 kJ/mol to 79.40 kJ/mol with increasing TiO₂ content in the slag. The introduction of TiO₂ into the slag played a destructive role in Al-O-Al structural units and Q4 units by forming simpler structural units of Q2 and Ti₂O₆4- chain. The amount of Al-O-Al significantly decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The relative fraction of Q4 units in the[AlO₄]5--tetrahedral units shows a decreasing trend, whereas the relative fraction of Q2 units and Ti₂O₆4- chain increases with increasing TiO₂ content accordingly. Consequently, the polymerization degree of the slag decreases with increasing TiO₂ content. The variation in slag structure is consistent with the change in measured viscosity.     

Effect of CeO2 on heat transfer and crystallization behavior of rare earth alloy steel mold fluxes

To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF₂ was replaced with B₂O₃. Then, the influences of CeO₂ on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the CaF₂-bearing mold flux and the new mold flux with 10wt% B₂O₃ were studied using a slag film heat flux simulator and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the addition of CeO₂ reduced the heat transfer by increasing the solid slag thickness and the crystallization of two mold fluxes. However, CeO₂ had less effect on the B₂O₃-containing mold flux compared with the CaF₂-bearing mold flux. According to the analyses, the CeO₂ contents in the CaF₂-bearing mold flux and the B₂O₃-containing mold flux should not exceed 8wt% and 12wt%, respectively. Therefore, these experimental results are beneficial to improve and develop the mold flux for casting rare earth alloy steels.     

Effects of MgO and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the viscous behaviors and phase compositions of titanium-bearing slag

The effects of MgO and TiO₂ on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO₂ content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO₂ contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO₂ content.     

Effect of slag composition on the cleanliness of 28MnCr5 gear steel in the refining processes

The equilibrium reaction between CaO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂—MgO slag and 28MnCr5 molten steel was calculated to obtain the suitable slag composition which is effective for decreasing the oxygen content in molten steel. The dissolved oxygen content [O] in molten steel under different top slag conditions was calculated using a thermodynamic model and was measured using an electromotive force method in slag–steel equilibrium experiments at 1873 K. The relations among [O], the total oxygen content (T.O), and the composition of the slag were investigated. The experimental results show that both [O] and T.O decrease with decreasing SiO₂ content of the slag and exhibit different trends with the changes in the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio of the slag. Increasing the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio results in a decrease in [O] and an increase in T.O. To ensure that T.O ≤ 20 ppm and [O] ≤ 10 ppm, the SiO₂ content should be controlled to <5wt%, and the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio should be in the range from 1.2 to 1.6.     

Desulfurization ability of refining slag with medium basicity

The desulfurization ability of refining slag with relative lower basicity (B) and Al₂O₃ content (B = 3.5–5.0; 20wt%–25wt% Al₂O₃) was studied. Firstly, the component activities and sulfide capacity (C_S) of the slag were calculated. Then slag-metal equilibrium experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium sulfur distribution (L_S). Based on the laboratorial experiments, slag composition was optimized for a better desulfurization ability, which was verified by industrial trials in a steel plant. The obtained results indicated that an MgO-saturated CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-MgO system with the basicity of about 3.5–5.0 and the Al₂O₃ content in the range of 20wt%–25wt% has high activity of CaO (a_CaO), with no deterioration of C_S compared with conventional desulfurization slag. The measured L_S between high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel and slag with a basicity of about 3.5 and an Al₂O₃ content of about 20wt% and between HSLA steel and slag with a basicity of about 5.0 and an Al₂O₃ content of about 25wt% is 350 and 275, respectively. The new slag with a basicity of about 3.5–5.0 and an Al₂O₃ content of about 20wt% has strong desulfurization ability. In particular, the key for high-efficiency desulfurization is to keep oxygen potential in the reaction system as low as possible, which was also verified by industrial trials.     

Effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and FeO content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-“FeO”-12wt%ZnO-3wt%Al2O3 slags

An effective process for recycling lead from hazardous waste cathode ray tubes (CRTs) funnel glass through traditional lead smelting has been presented previously. The viscous behavior of the molten high lead slag, which is affected by the addition of funnel glass, plays a critical role in determining the production efficiency. Therefore, the viscosities of the CaO-SiO₂-"FeO"-12wt%ZnO-3wt%Al₂O₃ slags were measured in the current study using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreases as the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio is increased from 0.8 to 1.2 and also as the FeO content is increased from 8wt% to 20wt%. The breaking temperature of the slag is lowered substantially by the addition of FeO, whereas the influence of the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio on the breaking temperature is complex. The structural analysis of quenched slags using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the silicate network structure is depolymerized with increasing CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio or increasing FeO content. The[FeO₆]-octahedra in the slag melt increase as the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio or the FeO content increases. This increase can further decrease the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slag. Furthermore, the activation energy for viscous flow decreases both with increasing CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio and increasing FeO content.     

Recovery of iron and calcium aluminate slag from high-ferrous bauxite by high-temperature reduction and smelting process

A high-temperature reduction and smelting process was used to recover iron and calcium aluminate slag from high-ferrous bauxite. The effects of w(CaO)/w(SiO₂) ratio, anthracite ratio, and reduction temperature and time on the recovery and size of iron nuggets and on the Al₂O₃ grade of the calcium aluminate slag were investigated through thermodynamic calculations and experiments. The optimized process conditions were the bauxite/anthracite/slaked lime weight ratio of 100:16.17:59.37, reduction temperature of 1450°C and reduction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, high-quality iron nuggets and calcium aluminate slag were obtained. The largest size and the highest recovery rate of iron nuggets were 11.42 mm and 92.79wt%, respectively. The calcium aluminate slag mainly comprised Ca₂SiO₄ and Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃, with small amounts of FeAl₂O₄, CaAl₂O₄, and Ca₂Al₂SiO₇.     

Effect of Fe2O3 on the size and components of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3 system

size of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ system was investigated using lab experiments carried out in a carbon tube furnace. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure, components, and the mineral phases of synthetic slags. FactSage 7.1 was used to calculate the crystallization process of the molten slag. The results showed that the addition of Fe₂O₃ promoted the precipitation of spinel crystals and inhibited the formation of dicalcium silicate. The size of spinel crystals increased from 2.74 to 8.10 μm and the contents of chromium and iron in the spinel varied as the Fe₂O₃ addition was increased from 0 to 20wt%. Fe₂O₃ thermodynamically provided the spinel-forming components to enhance the formation of FeCr₂O₄, MgFe₂O₄, and Fe₃O₄. The addition of Fe₂O₃ increased the fraction of liquid phase in a certain temperature range and promoted diffusion by decreasing the slag's viscosity. Therefore, Fe₂O₃ is beneficial to the growth of spinel crystals in stainless steel slag.     

六元熔融还原渣黏度的分析

结合高效脱磷能力的熔融还原冶炼惠民高磷铁矿工艺及HIsmelt熔融还原炼铁技术的特点选取CaO-MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5六元熔渣作为研究对象其熔渣成分为：二元碱度R(CaO/SiO2)0.8～1.4Al2O3质量分数为6.4%～15.4%P2O5质量分数为0～3%、MgO、FeO质量分数分别为4%、6%采用纯化学试剂配制熔渣。借助扫描电子显微镜对炉渣矿物组成和微观结构进行研究采用RTW-10熔体物性综合测试仪研究熔渣成分的变化对黏度产生的影响。研究表明：该熔渣矿相结构主要以黄长石(钙铝黄长石、钙镁黄长石)为主呈方形状、粗大骨架状结构。当P2O5或Al2O3质量分数一定时随着碱度的提高熔渣的黏度降低;当碱度或P2O5质量分数一定时熔渣的黏度随Al2O3质量分数的增加而增大;当碱度或Al2O3质量分数一定时黏度均随着P2O5质量分数的增加而提高。     

含硼铁精矿用于巴润精矿氧化球团生产的实验研究

在实验室条件下,研究了含硼铁精矿对巴润精矿氧化球团制备工艺及冶金性能的影响.研究表明:球团原料中外配5.0%的含硼铁精矿,可将混合料中的巴润精矿配比(质量分数)提高到40%,制备的氧化球团满足高炉冶炼要求;含硼铁精矿可增加巴润精矿氧化球团的抗压强度和降低还原膨胀率,并可降低球团的焙烧温度;当含硼铁精矿配加量(质量分数)从0增加到7.5%时,球团抗压强度从2 630 N·个-1上升到3 709 N·个-1,还原膨胀率从25.69%降低到15.53%;外配质量分数为7.5%的含硼铁精矿时,球团的焙烧温度可从1 200℃降低至1 150℃,巴润精矿氧化球团满足高炉生产要求.     

中性气氛下钒钛磁铁矿高炉渣系研究

以钒钛磁铁矿现场高炉渣为基础,纯化学试剂调制渣样,在中性气氛条件下研究了炉渣二元碱度及Mg O,Al2O3,Ti O2,V2O5含量对实验渣系冶金性能的影响.结果表明:增加碱度和Mg O含量,炉渣熔化性温度(tm)、初始黏度(η0)和高温黏度(ηh)呈先降低后升高趋势;增大Al2O3含量,炉渣tm升高,η0先降低后升高,ηh呈上升趋势;增大Ti O2含量,炉渣tm升高,η0和ηh逐渐下降,炉渣黏流活化能升高,热稳定性变差;增大V2O5含量,炉渣tm先降低后升高,η0和ηh逐渐增大.高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿适宜渣系为:二元碱度1.15,Mg O,Al2O3,Ti O2,V2O5质量分数分别为13%,13%,7%,0.30%.     

高炉铁水降硅的实验研究

从理论上分析了降低铁水中硅含量的三个途径:控制硅源;降低滴落带的高度;增加炉缸渣中的氧化性.在实验室进行了降低铁水中硅含量的实验,得到了铁水中硅含量的影响因素:提高二元碱度有利于降硅;增加渣中氧化物可降低SiO2的活度有利于降硅;Al2O3和SiO2不利于降硅;冶炼时焦炭中SiO2的挥发量随温度的升高而增多,使铁水中硅含量增加;随着滴落带高度的增加,铁水中硅含量不断增加.根据实验室研究针对唐山建龙公司高炉特点提出降低铁水中硅含量的措施,降硅效果明显,铁水中硅的质量分数由原来的0.55%左右降到了0.40%左右.     

Effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets obtained from the gas-based direct reduction process

Smelting separations of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets (HVTMP) prepared by gas-based direct reduction were investigated, and the effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors were analyzed. Relevant mechanisms were elucidated using X-ray diffraction analysis, FACTSAGE 7.0 calculations, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The results show that, when the smelting temperature, time, and C/O ratio are increased, the recoveries of V and Cr of HVTMP in pig iron are improved, the recovery of Fe initially increases and subsequently decreases, and the recovery of TiO₂ in slag decreases. When the smelting CaO/SiO₂ ratio is increased, the recoveries of Fe, V, and Cr in pig iron increase and the recovery of TiO₂ in slag initially increases and subsequently decreases. The appropriate smelting separation parameters for HVTMP are as follows: smelting temperature of 1873 K; smelting time of 30–50 min; C/O ratio of 1.25; and CaO/SiO₂ ratio of 0.50. With these optimized parameters (smelting time: 30 min), the recoveries of Fe, V, Cr, and TiO₂ are 99.5%, 91.24%, 92.41%, and 94.86%, respectively.     

Effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and FeO content on the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–"FeO"–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags

An effective process for recycling lead from hazardous waste cathode ray tubes (CRTs) funnel glass through traditional lead smelting has been presented previously. The viscous behavior of the molten high lead slag, which is affected by the addition of funnel glass, plays a critical role in determining the production efficiency. Therefore, the viscosities of the CaO–SiO2–"FeO"–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags were measured in the current study using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreases as the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio is in-creased from 0.8 to 1.2 and also as the FeO content is increased from 8wt% to 20wt%. The breaking temperature of the slag is lowered sub-stantially by the addition of FeO, whereas the influence of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio on the breaking temperature is complex. The structural analysis of quenched slags using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the silicate network structure is depolymerized with increasing CaO/SiO2 mass ratio or increasing FeO content. The [FeO6]-octahedra in the slag melt increase as the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio or the FeO content increases. This increase can further decrease the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slag. Furthermore, the activation energy for viscous flow decreases both with increasing CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and increasing FeO content.     

预还原硼铁矿熔化分离铁和硼

在实验室条件下考查了预还原硼铁矿的金属化率、熔化分离温度及时间对硼铁分离的影响,获得了考查因素与熔化分离结果参数(铁中[B],渣中(B_2O_3),(FeO)含量)间的回归方程。结果表明:预还原硼铁矿经熔化可有效地将铁和硼的氧化物分离,B_2O_3和Fe的回收率均大于95％。     

熔融还原法镍渣炼铁的热力学与动力学

利用熔融还原法进行了闪速炉水淬镍渣提铁的实验研究,探讨了熔渣二元碱度、反应温度和反应时间对提铁效果的影响.XRD测试结果表明水淬镍渣由正硅酸铁FeO.SiO2和玻璃态物质组成.镍渣中的氧化铁主要以FeO.SiO2的形式存在,通过常规的选矿方法很难实现铁氧化物的富集,故采用熔融还原方法进行镍渣提铁实验.实验结果表明增加配合料中CaO的加入量、提高反应温度以及延长熔制时间都能不同程度地提高镍渣中铁的还原率.通过比较1450～1600℃范围内各反应温度下不同类型还原反应的Gibbs自由能,镍渣熔融还原过程的主要反应形式为(FeO)+C(S)→[Fe]+CO.本实验确定的最佳配方组成为:镍渣100g、CaO34.7g、CaF24.04g和焦炭8.5g;最佳反应条件为1500℃熔制180min.以上条件下的渣铁分离效果较好,铁还原率达到96.32%.