表面状态对核级316LN不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响

表征了打磨态和机械抛光态316LN不锈钢表面的粗糙度、表面残余应变和表面电子功函数的分布,并研究了打磨态和机械抛光态样品在硼酸盐溶液中电化学腐蚀行为的差异.与机械抛光态316LN不锈钢相比,打磨处理后样品表面较为粗糙,且表面的微观残余应变较大,近表面产生约50 μm的加工硬化层.表面粗糙度和微观应变的增加引起打磨态表面电化学活性的增大,从而促进316LN不锈钢在硼酸盐溶液中腐蚀.机械抛光处理降低了表面钝化膜的载流子密度(供体和受体),并增大了钝化膜的阻抗,提高了钝化膜的致密性和保护性,能够有效抑制金属的进一步腐蚀.     

304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.     

347H不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为研究

使用电化学工作站检测热轧态347H不锈钢、固溶态酸洗347H不锈钢和固溶处理态347H不锈钢在3.5wt.%NaCl、5wt.%H₂SO₄和5wt.%NaOH腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为,绘制极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究固溶处理对347H不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:在3.5wt.%NaCl腐蚀介质中,固溶态酸洗347H不锈钢表现出最佳的耐腐蚀性,而固溶处理会降低热轧态347H不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能.在5wt.%H₂SO₄腐蚀介质中,通过1 160 ℃固溶处理2 h,347H不锈钢的耐腐蚀性有所提高.在5wt.%NaOH腐蚀介质中,热轧态347H不锈钢的自腐蚀电流密度和其他状态的347H不锈钢相比要小一个数量级,因此,热轧态347H不锈钢更耐5wt.%NaOH腐蚀介质的腐蚀.     

SAF 2205双相不锈钢织构与冲压特性

研究SAF 2205双相不锈钢冷轧退火板的冲压特性以及冷轧和退火织构对其冲压性能的影响.实验钢冷轧退火板表现出较差的深冲性能和明显的45°制耳,其r平均值和Δr值分别为0.7和-0.27,这主要与其在冷轧及退火后形成的织构有关. ODF图显示,退火后SAF 2205双相不锈钢中铁素体相未形成γ纤维再结晶织构,仍然为分散的α纤维织构.实验钢中铁素体相的织构强度明显高于奥氏体相,其对钢板成形性的影响更显著,即其各种〈110〉退火织构组分均不利于实验钢r平均值的提高,并且使得Δr<0.此外,奥氏体相的{110}〈001〉织构也对钢板成形性能产生一定程度的影响.     

热处理对硝酸熔盐中347H不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用静态熔盐浸泡实验,研究了不同晶粒度的347H不锈钢在565 ℃混合硝酸熔盐(60%NaNO₃+40%KNO₃)中长达120 h的腐蚀行为.通过增重法绘制腐蚀动力学曲线,并研究347H不锈钢的表面腐蚀产物、物相、腐蚀表面微区成分,解释347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的腐蚀机理.结果表明:经过固溶处理调控晶粒度的347H不锈钢在熔盐腐蚀中腐蚀速率有所降低,腐蚀动力学曲线变为线性增长趋势.通过XRD检测得到,347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的腐蚀产物主要是Fe₂O₃和少量的Fe₃O₄及NaFeO₂.Fe₃O₄,结构致密,能有效减小硝酸熔盐对钢基体的腐蚀,导致347H不锈钢在腐蚀后期质量损失有所降低.腐蚀产物形貌和横截面厚度分析结果表明,经过1 160 ℃固溶处理1 h后不锈钢晶粒度达到7级时,腐蚀层厚度达到最低为0.661 μm,此时347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的耐腐蚀性达到最好.     

Study on the passive film formed on 2205 stainless steel in acetic acid by AAS and XPS

The properties of the passive film formed on 2205 stainless steel in acetic acid at high temperature that contained chloride ions were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical polarization measurements. AAS results show that molybdenum is enriched on the surface as the passive film is dissolved. This enrichment decreases the corrosion resistance because it hinders chloride adsorption and Fe ion dissolution, and acts as a local pH buffer because it consumes protons. The dissolution ratio of Fe/Cr is approximately 10 during the active dissolution of the passive film. XPS results indicate that when the potential is in the passivation region, Cr comprises about 50% of the metal cations in the near-surface region of the passive film and is the main metal constituent in this region. When the polarization potential is much greater than the transpassivation potential, the Mo content accounts for approximately 45% of the metal cations in the nearurface region; Fe and Ni have no obvious influence on the formation, dissolution, or puncture of the passive film.     

镍元素对304不锈钢阳极行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术，探讨了Ｎｉ元素对３０４不锈钢阳极行为的影响。结果表明金元素Ｎｉ的加入，可提高不锈钢的钝化能力和阻滞阳极活性溶解过程。通过ＸＰＳ表面分析发现，在膜中Ｎｉ以ＮｉＯ的形式存在。由于ＮｉＯ参与了成膜过程，改变了表面电化学行为，提高了膜的稳定性。     

Intergranular corrosion behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

The intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel (HNSS) sensitization treated at 650-950℃ was investigated by the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) method. The effects of the electrolytes, scan rate, sensitizing temperature on the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS were examined. The results show that the addi-tion of NaCl is an effective way to improve the formation of the cracking of a passive film in chromium-depleted zones during the reactivation scan. Decreasing the scan rate exhibits an obvious effect on the breakdown of the passive film. A solution with 2 mol/L H₂SO₄+1 mol/L NaCl+0.01 mol/L KSCN is suitable to check the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS at a sensitizing temperature of 650-950℃ at a suitable scan rate of 1.667 mV/s. Chromium depletion of HNSS is attributed to the precipitation of Cr₂N which results in the susceptibility to IGC. The synergistic effect of Mo and N is suggested to play an important role in stabilizing the passive film to prevent the attack of IGC.     

不同种不锈钢电化学腐蚀性能的对比

采用CHI660D电化学工作站研究304、316L、2205、2507不锈钢在模拟塔里木油田复杂腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面的腐蚀产物膜进行对比分析.结果表明:2种复杂腐蚀介质条件下,随温度升高,4种不锈钢的耐蚀性和抗点蚀能力都会降低.CO2的通入对不锈钢的腐蚀过程影响较为复杂.20℃时,4种不锈钢的耐蚀性和抗点蚀能力随CO2的加入均降低;而50、80℃时,4种不锈钢的耐蚀性和抗点蚀能力则会增强.相同腐蚀条件下,4种不锈钢的耐腐蚀能力由强到弱的顺序为:2507、2205、316L、304.     

钝化预处理对316L不锈钢在漂液中电化学腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学测试、SEM分析等方法,研究了316 L不锈钢在质量分数为30%的浓硝酸溶液及98%硫酸+20 g/L硝酸钾混合液两种钝化剂预处理后的特性,以及在ClO2漂液中的电化学抗腐蚀性能。结果表明,316 L不锈钢在25℃、30%硝酸介质中处理30 min时抗点蚀能力ΔE可达到773 mV,钝化效果较好。EIS图谱表明:316 L不锈钢在ClO2漂液中具有双容抗弧特征,钝化处理容抗弧半径较未钝化的增大,处理后的316 L不锈钢在60℃出现了Warburg阻抗;钝化膜的外层电阻和内层电阻均比未钝化的大。经钝化处理后的316 L不锈钢在ClO2漂液中的受腐蚀速率较未钝化的降低近一半,与钛材相比耐蚀性较差,但能在一定条件下起到减缓腐蚀的作用。     

冷凝液硫含量对SUS444铁素体不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用冷凝液浸蚀-高温氧化循环腐蚀法模拟汽车排气系统内部服役环境,借助失重分析、腐蚀形貌观察及腐蚀产物分析,研究了SUS444不锈钢在不同硫含量的冷凝液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,随着腐蚀循环次数的增加,不锈钢表面不断沉积的FeSO_4·7H_2O、Fe(NH_4)(SO_4)_2及Fe_4(SO_4)_5(OH)_2·18H_2O等硫酸盐物质加速了不锈钢的腐蚀进程,其点蚀深度及腐蚀速率均随冷凝液中硫含量的升高而增加。     

pH值对高温高压水中304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在高温高压水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法,研究了不同pH值对304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜对试样断口形貌进行观察与分析.结果表明:在300℃时,304L不锈钢在弱酸性和弱碱性溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性较大,且酸性越强,敏感性越大.在中性溶液中,304L不锈钢的强度和塑性损失较小,应力腐蚀敏感性较小,断口分析与之吻合.     

Martensite transformation induced by deformation and its phase electrochemical behavior for stainless steels AISI 304 and 316L

The martensite transformation induced by tensile elongation and its effect on the behavior of phase electrochemistry of AISI 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. The results show that the content of α'-martensite in stainless steel 304 increases with the true strain. As α'-martensite content increased, free corrosion potential and pitting potential of stainless steel 304 in 3.5% NaCl solution appeared the change trend of a minimum. It was also found that pitting nucleated preferentially at the phase interfaces between martensite and austenite. There existed apparent difference between electrochemical properties of austenite and of martensite for stainless steel 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

Effects of chloride ion concentration and pH values on the corrosion behavior of Cr12Ni3Co12Mo4W ultra-high-strength martensitic stainless steel

The effects of Cl- ion concentration and pH values on the corrosion behavior of Cr12Ni3Co12Mo4W ultra-high-strength martensitic stainless steel (UHSMSS) were investigated by a series of electrochemical tests combined with observations by stereology microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A critical Cl- ion concentration was found to exist (approximately 0.1wt%), above which pitting occurred. The pitting potential decreased with increasing Cl- ion concentration. A UHSMSS specimen tempered at 600°C exhibited a better pitting corrosion resistance than the one tempered at 400°C. The corrosion current density and passive current density of the UHSMSS tempered at 600°C decreased with increasing pH values of the corrosion solution. The pits developed a shallower dish geometry with increasing polarization potential. A lacy cover on the pits of the UHSMSS tempered at 400°C accelerated pitting, whereas corrosion products deposited in the pits of the UHSMSS tempered at 600°C hindered pitting.     

奥氏体不锈钢再钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能研究

奥氏体不锈钢自发钝化膜非常薄,在一些特定的阴离子环境中容易发生腐蚀而破坏,而且不锈钢仅有金属光泽,颜色过于单调.采用再钝化实验工艺使金属表层生成一层化学转化膜,不仅能提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,还能利用对光的干涉作用使金属表面呈现不同的色彩.本文利用酸性化学着色,把经过再钝化的试样和未经过再钝化的试样浸入FeCl3溶液中进行腐蚀试验,全面腐蚀和点蚀结果均表明,经过再钝化的试样的耐腐蚀性能明显高于未经过再钝化的试样.该工艺具有较好的实用价值.     

Mo,Ti离子注入不锈钢耐水溶液腐蚀改性研究

用电化学测试和俄歇电子能谱分析研究了离子注入不同剂量的Ｍｏ、Ｔｉ对３０４Ｌ奥氏体不锈钢在Ｈ２ＳＯ４、ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：注入Ｍｏ、Ｔｉ可使不锈钢的耐水溶液腐蚀性能提高，并改善材料的钝性和耐小孔腐蚀能力；在腐蚀过程中，注入元素在膜中富集，膜中Ｃｒ／Ｆｅ比值提高，从而达到耐蚀性能改善之目的；在适当的注入剂量下，可获得最佳的耐蚀改性效果。     

氯离子对石油测井仪器用Cr13不锈钢点损伤行为的影响

采用高温高压模拟环境装置和实时动电位极化和交流阻抗技术对石油测井仪器用Cr13不锈钢在模拟井下不同氯离子环境中电极的腐蚀失重和电化学行为进行了研究.实验结果表明,当地层水或者钻井液中氯离子浓度较高时,Cr13不锈钢表面的点损伤难以避免;随着氯离子浓度的升高,Cr13的均匀腐蚀速率增大,试样表面点蚀坑增多;局部氯离子以FeCl2和FeCl3形式吸附是造成钝化膜损伤的主要原因.应尽量减少仪器在含氯离子环境中的停留时间或提高材料等级.     

高温浓硫酸中氟离子掺入对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

采用浸泡法和电化学测试方法结合扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了高温浓硫酸中氟离子的掺入对304、2507以及904L三种不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:氟离子的掺入对三种不锈钢在浓硫酸中的腐蚀具有抑制作用,综合来看,904L具有更为稳定的耐蚀性能;三种不锈钢在高温浓硫酸中由于生成了热力学不稳定的硫化镍而产生了活化转钝化现象,而掺入氟离子会和硫离子发生竞争使其排挤出电极表面,氟离子与镍离子结合形成另外一种更稳定的阻挡层使不锈钢耐蚀性提高.     

苯并咪唑类化合物作为碳钢缓蚀剂的研究

通过失质量法、极化曲线法研究了20^#碳钢在含有苯并咪唑类化合物的HCL溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果发现在室温和50℃的条件下，5种苯并咪唑化合物的缓蚀效果都很明显。其中2-对氯苄基苯并咪唑的缓蚀性能最好。     

温度对13Cr不锈钢在高 CO2 分压环境中腐蚀行为的影响

通过高温高压电化学测试,获得不同实验温度下13Cr不锈钢的循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗谱和Mott-Schottky曲线,结合ZSIMPWIN软件和扫描电子显微镜分析,研究高温高CO2 分压环境下,温度对13Cr不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响. 在高温高CO2 分压环境下,随温度升高,13Cr不锈钢发生腐蚀的倾向增加,表面钝化膜稳定性下降,点蚀敏感度增加.