间接挤压铸造工艺参数对铝合金中Si偏析的影响

研究间接挤压铸造工艺条件下,浇注温度、挤压压力、挤压速度、冷却速度及参数间的交互作用对6066铝合金中Si元素的偏析影响规律. 以凝固后零件热节位置硅的质量分数与合金初始硅的质量分数的差值定量表征偏析程度,采用考虑一级交互作用的四因素两水平正交设计,研究间接挤压条件下硅的偏析现象. 结果发现:浇注温度、挤压压力、挤压速度和冷却速度对硅偏析都有影响,其中浇注温度是影响最显著的因素. 随着浇注温度的升高,铝合金中Si偏析程度减小. 挤压压力和挤压速度对硅偏析的影响次之,但两者的影响趋势相反;模具冷却能力的影响程度与挤压压力和挤压速度的交互作用的影响程度相似,铜模套(高冷速)比钢模套(低冷速)的硅偏析程度要轻. 间接挤压铸造条件下,工件热节位置可以出现硅的负偏析.     

冷却速度对Waspaloy合金凝固过程中偏析和液体密度的影响

通过不同冷速下的重熔凝固实验,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪系统研究了冷速变化对Waspaloy合金凝固过程偏析行为和液体密度的影响.结果表明:随着冷速的增大,Waspaloy合金中元素的偏析会减小,凝固过程中偏析最严重的是富集于枝晶间的正偏析元素Ti;元素偏析导致剩余液体的密度发生变化,而且液体密度基本上呈现反转趋势,当凝固温度到1300℃时,出现最大的密度反转.     

Ti对DZ68合金凝固偏析的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、电子探针(EPMA)等手段研究了不同Ti含量的DZ68合金的凝固过程和主元素的偏析.结果表明:本实验条件下,随合金中Ti含量的增加,合金的初凝温度和终凝温度逐渐降低,但初凝和终凝的温度区间逐渐增大;Ti含量的增加,促进Ta的正偏析程度,同时也使W的负偏析程度显著增加.为了减少DZ68合金组织中析出的(γ+γ′)共晶,Ti的质量分数应控制在1.7%以下.     

连铸坯凝固过程平面枝晶微观偏析模拟研究

为解决连铸钢坯偏析问题,基于菲克第二定律和质量守恒定律,建立了一维平面枝晶生长凝固偏析数值模型。应用有限容积法离散传质方程,离散后的方程用VB编程求解,研究X70管线钢凝固过程中在二次枝晶间距范围内的C,Si,Mn,S,P各元素质量分数分布随凝固进程和冷却速率的变化规律。结果表明:固相率的变化对合金元素在二次枝晶间偏析影响较大,冷却速率对其影响较小;随着固相率的增加,各合金元素的固相成分增加较少,液相成分质量分数快速增加;S和P元素在固相中的分布较均匀,S凝固终了的偏析指数最高,C偏析指数最小。在实际生产中应适当控制S和P元素的含量。     

Mg-Al-RE系镁合金组织与性能

通过铸造和挤压变形工艺,研究了AE(Mg-Al-RE)系合金的显微组织及稀土和铝含量的变化对AE系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:AE系合金的铸态显微组织由α-Mg基体相和沿晶界分布的Al.4RE,Mg17Al12相组成.随着稀土含量的增加,Mg17Al12相逐渐消失,Al4RE相的体积分数增加,并逐渐沿晶界处形成连续网状结构.挤压实验结果显示:AE系合金具有良好的形交加工性能,挤压后合金的强度和塑性均比铸态合金大幅度提高.稀土元素的加入对合金形变过程中的动态再结晶有一定的抑制作用.在AE系稀土镁合金中增加Al含量,可以使合金的综合力学性能上升到一个较高的水平.     

非化学计量比贮氢合金及其电极特性

对贮氢合金MlNi3.55+xCo0.75Al0.3Mn0.4(0≤x≤0.6)的结构、组织、电化学性能和P-C-T特性进行了研究.结果表明,除了x=0.6的合金外,随着x的增大合金的点阵常数a值减小、c值增大,c/a值和单胞体积也随之增大,而x=0.6时合金体积反而减小.同时随着x的增大,合金中Ni并没有出现明显偏析,而是促进了B侧其它合金元素尤其是Mn和Al的偏析.x的增大,放电容量降低,充放电循环稳定性只略有下降,但活化性能却明显改善,P-C-T曲线平台压升高.     

Si、Cr元素的添加对7050铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过控制变量法来改变7050铝合金中Si、Cr元素的含量,探究不同含量的Si、Cr元素对铸造超强度铝合金的组织和性能的影响.结果表明,随着Cr元素含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度提高,达到了262.10 MPa.随着Cr、Si元素的增多,合金的硬度增加,最高达到了79.90 HRB.Cr和Si元素的添加,合金的伸长率从最高的16.60%下降到4.69%.     

热等静压处理对K17合金元素偏析的影响

本文研究了热等静压(HIP)处理对K17合金主要含金元素偏析的影响.实验结果表明,热等静压处理可以显著减轻K_(17)合金主要合金元素的树枝状偏析和共晶反应偏析,使合金成分趋于均匀,从而抑制了σ相的析出.     

铸造速度和混合稀土对Al-23%Si合金组织和性能的影响

研究了半连续铸造过程中不同铸造速度及铈镧混合稀土对Al-23%Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当铸造速度从100 mm/min提高到250 mm/min时,Al-23%Si合金初晶硅的偏析现象得到有效改善,铸锭从内部到外部初晶硅的分布都较为均匀,初晶硅的平均尺寸从71.4μm下降到40.9μm,同时减轻了共晶硅的偏析.加入0.5%的铈镧混合稀土后,Al-23%Si合金的共晶组织产生了明显变化,稀土元素细化了合金的共晶组织,并使共晶硅相由层片状转变为短杆状.提高铸造速度和添加混合稀土可提高合金硬度和抗拉强度.     

挤压态Mg-13Li-1Al-1Ca-4Y合金的微观组织及力学性能

制备并研究了Mg-13Li-1Al-1Ca-4Y合金铸造态及热挤压态的组织和挤压态合金的力学性能.光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及EDS能谱对合金相组成进行分析,结果表明,铸造态Mg-13Li-1Al-1Ca-4Y合金由β-Li基体以及聚集在晶粒内部及境界上的块状和针状Al2Y3化合物组成,基体平均晶粒尺寸约为60～70μm,Ca元素偏聚在晶界上,以Mg2Ca化合物形式存在.在300℃真空环境下对铸造态试样保温10 h后,在250℃对试样进行热挤压成型.挤压态显微组织显示,大量破碎化合物沿挤压方向呈带状分布.热挤压后合金室温延伸率可达46%.     

Centerline Segregation in Continuous Casting Billets

Centerline segregation is of practical significance since it affects the material properties. Centerline segregation in continuous casting billets was studied by solving the fluid flow, solidification, and solute transport equations from the initially liquid steel to the completely solid state using the finite difference method with the SIMPLER algorithm. The results show that the centerline segregation is induced by both the fluid flow in the mushy zone and the accumulation of solute-rich liquid near the solidification front. The species concentration in the center of the strand rises quickly in the mushy region to a maximum at the end of solidification. The most serious segregation occurs along the billet centerline.     

熔体超声处理对7050铝合金铸锭宏观偏析的影响

采用SPECTRO-MAXx立式直读光谱仪和Leica金相显微镜,研究超声外场下7050铝合金半连续铸锭中微观组织的演变规律及溶质元素Zn,Mg和Cu的宏观偏析行为。研究结果表明:熔体超声处理后的铸锭组织变得细小,混晶减少,溶质元素的宏观偏析程度得到弱化,且随着超声功率的增大,溶质元素分布更加均衡,在240 W超声功率作用下,Zn,Mg和Cu的偏析比由未加超声时的1.243,1.158和1.190分别降低为1.086,1.098和1.110;超声外场的引入使得液穴变浅,由铸锭收缩引起的溶质元素在枝晶间的横向流动作用减弱;晶粒的有效细化导致液固两相的相对运动速度减弱;溶质原子的扩散程度得到强化是超声弱化偏析的主要原因。     

非均匀冷却下板坯凝固末端形状及机械轻压下时其对中心偏析的影响

In order to study the effect of continuous casting process parameters on the shape of slab solidification end under non-uniform cooling, a solidification model of a continuous-cast slab with non-uniform cooling condition was established with ProCAST software. The model was verified by the results of nail shooting tests and the infrared temperature measurement equipment. Four characteristic parameters were defined to evaluate the uniformity of the shape of slab solidification end. The results showed that the nonuniformity at the beginning and end of solidification, the solidification end length, and the solidification unevenness increased with the rise of casting speed. For each 10°C increase of superheat, the solidification unevenness increased by about 0.022. However, the effect of superheat on the solidification end length can be ignored. The secondary cooling strength showed minimal effect on the nonuniformity at the beginning and end of solidification. With the increase in secondary cooling intensity, the solidification end length decreased, but the solidification unevenness increased. In addition, the central segregation of the slab produced with and without the mechanical soft reduction (MSR) process was investigated. The transverse flow of molten steel with low solid fraction influenced the central segregation morphology under MSR.     

Phase field simulation of monotectic transformation for liquid Ni-Cu-Pb alloys

Based on the subregular solution model, the liquid phase separation of ternary (Ni _x Cu_100−x )₅₀Pb₅₀ monotectic alloys is simulated by the phase field method. It is found that if the surface segregation potential is not incorporated, the dynamic morphologies of alloy melt show a transition from disperse microstructure into bicontinuous microstructure with the increase of fluidity parameter. When the surface segregation potential is coupled, Pb-rich phase migrates preferentially to the surface of the liquid alloy, and the Ni-rich phase depends on the Pb-rich phase to nucleate. With the extension of the phase separation time, the surface layer is formed through coagulation and growth, and its thickness gradually increases. The Ni-rich phase migrates to the central part, and finally a two-layer core-shell microstructure is produced. The concentration in the surface layer fluctuates more conspicuously than that inside the bulk phase, which subsequently transfers from the surface to the interior by a wave. The fluid field near the liquid-liquid interface is strong at the beginning of phase separation, and reduces later on. The surface segregation is essential to the formation of the surface layer, concentration profile variation, fluid field distribution and phase separation morphology. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50121101, 50395105)     

挤压铸造对ZL201性能组织的影响

以铸造铝合金ZL201为研究对象,系统研究了挤压铸造成形工艺条件下,挤压压力、浇注温度、模具温度等工艺参数对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,ZL201的挤压铸造组织细密均匀,且随着挤压压力的增大,铸件的组织越加细密;结合实验结果,确定了ZL201合适的挤压工艺参数：浇注温度750℃、挤压压力60MPa、模具温度保持在250℃左右。在合适的工艺条件下,铸件的组织和性能良好,经过T4热处理后,铸件本体试样的抗拉强度和延伸率可以达到310MPa和9.27%。     

PbS对高铅锡青铜合金离心铸造微观组织的影响

采用离心铸造方法制备了高铅锡青铜合金,研究了Pb S对高铅锡青铜合金离心铸造微观组织及硬度的影响.研究结果表明,未加Pb S时铅偏析严重,铅呈块状及条带状集中分布;加入Pb S后,形成Cu2S化合物均匀分布在晶界上成为结晶核心,Cu2S不断增加连络成网络状,阻碍铅的偏析;随着Pb S质量分数的增加,铅偏析程度减小,晶粒逐渐细化,硬度增加;加入3.0%Pb S时,铅偏析程度最小,铅分布均匀,晶粒得到细化.     

高品质车轮钢二冷区冷却方式

为了探索高品质低成本车轮钢生产工艺,比较了两种二冷区冷却方式(气雾冷却和全水冷却)对车轮钢铸坯表面温度、凝固组织与宏观偏析的影响.结果表明:两种冷却方式下的二冷区矫直段铸坯表面温度均高于950℃,处于高温塑性区,可避免产生矫直裂纹;两种冷却方式均得到了均匀对称的凝固组织;虽然气雾冷却可略微增加等轴晶比例和降低铸坯中心偏析,但是使铸坯枝晶间距变得较为粗大,并且加重了1/2半径附近处的偏析,对随后的加工和成品的质量更为不利.综合考虑实验结果和生产成本,认为全水冷却方式更适合高品质车轮钢的生产.     

Microstructure evolution and thixoforming behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy in the semi-solid state prepared by RAP method

The effects of isothermal treatments on the microstructural evolution and coarsening rate of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy produced via the recrystallization and partial remelting (RAP) process were investigated. Samples of 7075 aluminum alloy were subjected to cold extrusion, and semi-solid treatment was carried out for 5–30 min at temperatures ranging from 580 to 605°C. A backward-extrusion experiment was conducted to investigate liquid segregation during the thixoforming process. The results revealed that obvious grain coarsening and spheroidization occurred during prolonged isothermal treatments. In addition, higher soaking temperatures promoted the spheroidization and coarsening process because of the increased liquid fraction and the melting of second phases. Segregation of the liquid phase caused by the difference in fluidity between the liquid and the solid phases was observed in different regions of the thixoformed specimens.