Zn2SnO4复合氧化物气敏特性研究

采用烧结法合成Zn_2SnO_4复合氧化物,具有反尖晶石结构的弱N型半导体材料,其气敏性能引人注目,尤其是对乙醇具有较高的灵敏度和选择性.当掺入少量氧化物杂质,可以看到灵敏度和最佳工作温度都有所改善,其中以稀土氧化物效果为最佳.     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

Immobilized ZnO based nanostructures and their environmental applications

In the research of semiconductor metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials have been committed to design and exploration because of their unique physical and chemical properties. ZnO has many structural characteristics and has considerable practical applications in the field of environmental technology. However, ZnO nanomaterials used for environmental functions are often presented in the form of powders. After use, they need to go through recovery processes such as centrifugation and filtration, which is also easy to cause secondary pollution. The above problems can be avoided by fixing ZnO nanostructures on substrates to form easily movable materials. Here, we present a review of our work and some others on the different synthetic strategies, formation mechanism, modification, performance and diversifications of immobilized ZnO based nanostructures, and highlight their photocatalytic related activities for environmental remediation. Various immobilized ZnO based nanostructures including nanorod arrays, 3D nanostructures, and composite heterostructures have been focused. We hope it may serve as a useful reference for researchers interested in immobilized semiconductor nanostructures and their photocatalysis and other environmental applications.     

低压烧结制备石墨烯增强WC-Co硬质合金

采用机械搅拌和静电吸附2种工艺制备氧化石墨烯增强WC-Co复合粉末,对复合粉末的微观形貌进行表征,并利用低压烧结工艺制备石墨烯增强WC-Co硬质合金,对硬质合金力学性能进行测试分析。静电吸附工艺和低压烧结相结合所制备的石墨烯增强WC-Co硬质合金抗弯强度和维氏硬度分别为3 250 MPa和1 846,比不添加石墨烯的WC-Co硬质合金抗弯强度和硬度分别提高了38.92%和7.93%;比机械搅拌工艺和低压烧结相结合所制备的石墨烯增强WC-Co硬质合金抗弯强度提高了8.33%,硬度略有提高。石墨烯通过静电吸附工艺均匀地分散在WC-Co基体中,高温烧结时通过阻碍晶界的扩散和位错的滑移来细化晶粒,有裂纹产生时会阻碍裂纹扩展,从而增强材料力学性能。     

石墨烯增强WC-Co硬质合金的制备和力学性能研究

采用机械搅拌和静电吸附工艺制备了氧化石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体,并对复合粉体的微观形貌进行了表征。利用放电等离子烧结（spark plasma sintering ,SPS）技术制备了石墨烯/WC-Co硬质合金,对复合材料的力学性能进行了测试分析。机械搅拌制备的氧化石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体经过SPS烧结后得到的硬质合金横向断裂强度和维氏硬度为1 850 MPa,1 830,与不添加石墨烯的WC-Co硬质合金相比分别提高了3.9%,5.8%。静电吸附制备的氧化石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体经过SPS烧结后得到的硬质合金横向断裂强度和维氏硬度为1 980 MPa,1 850,与不添加石墨烯的WC-Co硬质合金相比分别提高了11.2%,6.9%。     

高温稳定TiO_2 -SiO_2 复合粉体的两步水热法制备

以钛酸丁酯和硅酸乙酯为原料,通过两步水热法制备了具有高光催化活性的高温稳定TiO_2-SiO_2复合粉体. 采用动态光散射粒度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪等对TiO_2-SiO_2复合粉体进行了表征. 粒度分析表明,复合粉体分散良好, 颗粒大小为10～30nm,颗粒分布较窄. 热分析表明,SiO_2的加入能显著提高TiO_2的热稳定性.物相分析表明:复合粉体中SiO_2含量越高,锐钛矿型TiO_2的高温稳定性越好;TiO_2/SiO_2摩尔比为1: 1的复合粉体在1200℃处理2h后仍保持锐钛矿晶型. 红外分析表明,800℃处理2h前后的复合粉体中均无 Ti-O-Si 键. TiO_2-SiO_2复合粉体在紫外光作用下使甲基橙水溶液降解的实验表明:未经热处理的复合粉体的光催化性能和商品P25 TiO_2粉体相似;800℃和1000℃热处理2h后的复合粉体的光催化性能保持良好, 远高于相同条件处理过的P25;1200℃处理2h后的复合粉体只有微弱的光催化活性.     

Synthesis of BiOCl photocatalyst by a low-cost,simple hydrolytic technique and its excellent photocatalytic activity

A novel photocatalyst, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) micro-nano particles with a fine ferrite plate structure, was prepared by a low-cost, simple hydrolytic method. The as-prepared BiOCl was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The effects of preparation conditions such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) dispersant, HCl concentration, and heat treatment temperature on BiOCl performances were investigated. Moreover, its photocatalytic activity was evaluated on the degradation of methylene orange (MO) and was compared with that of TiO₂ (P25). The experimental results confirmed that BiOCl micro-nano particles prepared with SDBS, the HCl concentration of 1.5 mol/L, and the heat treatment temperature of 80℃ exhibited the best performance for the photodegradation of MO solution, and they showed good stability and better photocatalytic activity than P25 photocatalyst.     

铝掺杂氧化锌薄膜的光学性能及其微结构研究

以氧化铝(Al2O3)掺杂的氧化锌(Zn O)陶瓷靶作为溅射靶材,采用射频磁控溅射工艺在玻璃基片上制备了具有c轴择优取向的铝掺杂氧化锌(Zn O:Al)薄膜样品.通过可见-紫外光分光光度计和X射线衍射仪的测试表征,研究了生长温度对薄膜光学性能及其微结构的影响.实验结果表明:薄膜性能和微观结构与生长温度密切相关.随着生长温度的升高,样品的可见光平均透过率、(002)择优取向程度和晶粒尺寸均呈非单调变化,生长温度为640 K的样品具有最好的透光性能和晶体质量.同时薄膜样品的折射率均表现为正常色散特性,其光学能隙随生长温度升高而单调增大.与未掺杂Zn O块材的能隙相比,所有Zn O:Al薄膜样品的直接光学能隙均变宽.     

ZnTe/ZnO类球状复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以亚碲酸钠,氧化锌为前驱体,采用溶剂热法合成了ZnTe/ZnO类球状复合材料,通过控制合成ZnTe颗粒的量来研究复合样的光催化性能.XRD确定合成样品为ZnTe/ZnO复合材料,SEM表征样品形貌为类球状复合物,UV-Vis测试样品光学特性,PL和EIS测试解释复合样光催化增强的原因,实验结果验证了在紫外光照射下光催化性能复合样优于纯相,而且以ZnO和Na_2TeO_3物质的量比为1∶0.4时合成的ZnTe/ZnO类球状复合样表现出最佳光催化活性,40min降解亚甲基蓝达到91%.     

高磁导率Mn-Zn铁氧体的配方和烧结工艺的研究

叙述用化学共沉法制备粉料,用空气烧结,真空冷却工艺制备出μｉ达１万的Ｍｎ－Ｚｎ铁氧体,其磁性能处于目前国内领先水平。同时着重研究了配方中ＺｎＯ过量和烧结温度的影响。     

ZnO纳米片的水热合成及其光催化性能

目的以Zn(CH_3COO)_2·2H_2O和NaOH为原料,制备ZnO纳米粒子,并研究ZnO纳米材料的形貌对其光催化性能的影响。方法采用一步水热法合成ZnO片状纳米粒子,通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等分析手段对合成产物的结构和形貌进行表征,探讨反应物摩尔比、水热温度和水热时间等合成条件对形成的ZnO纳米粒子形貌的影响,以及形貌演变机理。通过光催化分解水实验对所制备的ZnO纳米粒子的光催化性能进行测试。结果 Zn~(2+)/OH~-摩尔比为1∶4时,在100℃反应6h,可制得片状的纳米ZnO,其产氢量为313μmol·h~(-1)·g~(-1)。结论在本文制备的ZnO纳米材料中,ZnO纳米片的光催化性能优于短棒状和纤维状的ZnO粒子。     

高磁导率Mn-Zn铁氧体的配方和烧结工艺的研究

叙述用化学共沉法制备粉料，用空气烧结，真空冷却工艺制备出μｉ达１万的Ｍｎ－Ｚｎ铁氧体，其磁性能处于目前国内领先水平。同时着重研究了配方中ＺｎＯ过量和烧结温度的影响。     

ZnO压敏陶瓷实际Bi元素的含量

建立了压敏陶瓷实际Bi元素含量检测品质的控制方法,讨论了烧结方式、温度及保温时间对Bi元素挥发量的影响,研究了实际Bi元素含量对压敏陶瓷显微结构、电性能的影响.实验表明,采用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱仪检测样品Bi元素含量,实际检测极限为1.0×10-6.通过优化烧结,有效控制了Bi元素挥发,从而获得均匀的显微结构和预定晶界,得到电学性能优良的ZnO压敏陶瓷.     

Rapid growth of ZnO hexagonal tubes by direct microwave heating

Zinc oxide hexagonal tubular crystals were synthesized by direct microwave heating from ZnO powders within 5 min without any metal catalysts or transport agents. ZnO source materials were evaporated from the high-temperature zone in an enclosure, and crystals were grown on the self-source substrate in an appropriate condition. The ZnO vapor formed in the high-temperature zone can deposit and grow on the powders located in the low-temperature zone to form crystals. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that these products are hexagonal tube crystals with 80 μm in diameter and 250 μm in length, having a well faceted end and side surface. A possible growth mechanism and the influence of reaction temperature on the formation of crystalline ZnO hexagonal tubes were presented. The photoluminescence (PL) exhibits strong ultraviolet emission at room temperature, indicating the potential applications in short-wave light-emitting photonic devices.     

锰锌铁氧体的制备及磁性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法和真空烧结工艺制备了尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体系列样品,研究了配方及烧结工艺对样品性能的影响。结果表明：样品在1370℃烧结能获得较好的磁性能;增加Fe2O3含量有利于提高饱和磁感应强度;在适当范围内增加ZnO含量有利于提高初始磁导率,但居里温度Tc随之下降;当Xzao=24％时,样品的磁导率μi=6369,饱和磁感应强度Bs=304mT,矫顽力Hc=4．3A／m。     

两步水热法制备高温稳定的TiO2-SiO2复合粉体

用两步水热法以钛酸丁酯和硅酸乙酯为原料制备了具有高光催化活性的高温稳定的TiO2-SiO2复合纳米粉体。首先在热压釜中160℃水热4小时合成TiO2纳米晶体,然后加入硅酸乙酯再160℃水热4小时形成TiO2-SiO2复合纳米粉体。以动态光散射（DLS）、差热（DSC）、傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征了TiO2-SiO2复合粉体。n(TiO2) / n(SiO2)摩尔比为10：1、2：1和1：1的复合粉体分别在800℃、1000℃和1200℃煅烧2小时后仍保持锐钛矿晶型,二氧化硅含量越高,高温稳定性越高。复合粉体中Ti-O-Si键是锐钛矿TiO2高温稳定的原因。红外分析表明水热合成的复合粉体没有Ti-O-Si键,800℃煅烧2小时后才形成Ti-O-Si键。 透射电镜和动态光散射粒度分析表明复合粉体呈现分散良好的近球形,颗粒大小为10-30nm。TiO2-SiO2复合材料在紫外光作用下使20mg/L甲基橙水溶液褪色的实验表明其具有优良的光催化性能,其活性和商品TiO2 P25粉体相似。800℃和1000℃煅烧2h的复合粉体的光催化活性仍保持良好的光催化活性,比同条件处理的P25高很多;1200℃煅烧2h后的复合材料只有微弱的光催化性。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-Mo alloys for dental applications

Ti-Mo alloys with various Mo contents from 6wt% to 14wt% were processed by spark plasma sintering based on elemental powders. The influence of sintering temperature and Mo content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting alloys were investigated. For each Mo concentration, the optimum sintering temperature was determined, resulting in a fully dense and uniform microstructure of the alloy. The optimized sintering temperature gradually increases in the range of 1100–1300℃ with the increase in Mo content. The microstructure of the Ti-(6–12)Mo alloy consists of acicular α phase surrounded by equiaxed grains of β phase, while the Ti-14Mo alloy only contains single β phase. A small amount of fine α lath precipitated from β phase contributes to the improvement in strength and hardness of the alloys. Under the sintering condition at 1250℃, the Ti-12Mo alloy is found to possess superior mechanical properties with the Vickers hardness of Hv 472, the compressive yield strength of 2182 MPa, the compression rate of 32.7%, and the elastic modulus of 72.1 GPa. These results demonstrate that Ti-Mo alloys fabricated via spark plasma sintering are indeed a perspective candidate alloy for dental applications.     

ZnO纳米线与硫掺杂TiO2微/纳复合材料的制备及其光催化活性

采用水热法制备了ZnO纳米线与硫掺杂TiO2（ZnO/S-TiO2）微/纳复合光催化剂,通过SEM、XRD、XPS对复合光催化剂进行表征,探讨了硫掺杂量和煅烧温度对该复合催化剂光催化性能的影响。结果表明,ZnO微米线表面形成了粒径较为均一的纳米S-TiO2颗粒,硫掺杂TiO2中形成了Ti-O-S键;当硫掺杂量为0.8mol%并经500℃高温煅烧的复合光催化剂对菲的降解呈现出最好的光催化活性。     

烧结参数对（Ba0.6Sr0．4）TiO3-MgO复合陶瓷的影响

采用传统的电子陶瓷工艺制备样品,研究烧结参数（温度和时间）对（Ba0.6Sr04）TiO3-MgO复合陶瓷烧结特性、微观结构及介电性能的影响．结果表明：样品的径向收缩率和表观密度在1550℃达到最大值;不同烧结时间的样品径向收缩率和表观密度在烧结3h达到最大值;达到1550℃时,样品的介电常数达到最大值,同时介电损损耗达到最小值,烧结3h时,样品的介电常数达到最大值,同时介电损损耗达到最小值;在烧结3h时样品的介电可调度最大．     

ZnO过量对MnZn铁氧体磁性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了高磁导率MnZn铁氧体,研究了ZnO过量和不同烧结温度对样品磁性能的影响。随着ZnO含量的增加,样品的饱和磁化强度逐渐下降,而样品的磁导率逐渐增加,且样品的截止频率fr大于500kHz.